• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2010

Purpose: We introduce arthroscopically assisted mini-open rotator cuff repair using anterolateral approach. Operative Technique: Placing lateral decubitus position on general anesthesia, a standard arthroscopic glenohumeral examination is performed to evaluate lesions of shoulder joint through posterior and anterior portal. And then arthroscope is placed in the subacromial space and we evaluate the size of the torn tendon and perform arthroscopic acromioplasty through lateral portal. A 3 to 4 cm skin incision is performed from anterolateral edge of acromion to distal and dissected along to raphe between anterior and middle deltoid. A deltoid retractor is then placed, allowing direct visualization of the rotator cuff and humeral head. As torn tendon is tagged by traction suture, we try to anatomical reduction on the footprint and then perform single row or double row repair of the rotator cuff using suture anchors. To prevent avulsion of the deltoid from the acromion, additional sutures by bone tunnel with acromion and deltoid is performed. Conclusion: This technique is useful procedure to get direct approach to anterior portion of supraspinatus tendon and to need lesser deltoid retraction than portal extension approach due to dividing along to raphe between anterior and middle deltoid. Also it provide better visualization of the superior portion of subscapularis and infraspinatus.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.26-30
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• 2015

Hastelloy X in this study was applied in jet engine F-15 air fighter as shroud to isolate the engine from outer skin. After 15 years operation at elevated temperature the mechanical properties decreased gradually due to the precipitation of continues second phases in the grain boundaries and precipitated inside the grain. The crack happened at the edge of the shroud due to the thermal and mechanical stress from jet engine. Selective TEM analysis found that the grain boundaries consist of $M_{23}C_6$ carbide, $M_6$ Ccarbide and small percentage of sigma(${\sigma}$) phase. Furthermore, it was confirmed the nano size of ${\sigma}$ and miu (${\mu}$) phase inside the grain. In this study, it was investigated the microstructure of the degraded shroud component and HAZ of repair welded shroud. In the HAZ, it was observed the dissolution of the $M_{23}C_6$ carbides and smaller precipitates, the migration of the undissolved larger $M_{23}C_6$ carbide and $M_6$ Ccarbide. It is also observed the liquation due to the simply melt of the segregated precipitates in the grain boundaries. Interestingly, the segregated second phases which simply melt in the grain boundaries more easily happened at higher heat input welding condition. High temperature tensile test was done at $300^{\circ}C$, $700^{\circ}C$ and $900^{\circ}C$. It was obtained that the toughness of welded sample is lower compare to the non-welded sample. The solution heat treatment at $1170^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes was suggested to obtain a better mechanical properties of the shroud. The high cycle fatigue number of the repair welded shroud shows a much lower compare to the shroud. In addition, the high cycle fatigue number at room temperature after solution heat treatment was almost double compare to the before solution heat treatment under 420-500MPa stress amplitude. However, the high cycle fatigue number of repaired welded sample was shown a much lower compare to the non- welded shroud and solution treated shroud. One of the main reasons to decrease the tensile strength and the high cycle fatigue properties of the repair welded shroud is the formation of the liquid phase in HAZ.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 2013

Gastric carcinoma rarely presents as a perforation, but when it does, is perceived as advanced disease. The majority of such perforations are Stage III/IV disease. A T1 gastric carcinoma has never been reported to perforate spontaneously in English literature. We present a 56 year-old Chinese male who presented with a perforated gastric ulcer. Intra-operatively, there was no suspicion of malignancy. At operation, an open omental patch repair was performed. Post-operative endoscopy revealed a macroscopic Type 0~III tumour and from the ulcer edge biopsy was reported as adenocarcinoma. Subsequently, the patient underwent open subtotal gastrectomy and formal D2 lymphadenectomy. The final histopathology report confirms T1b N0 disease. The occurrence of a perforated early gastric cancer reemphasises the need for vigilance, including intra-operative frozen section and/or biopsy, as well as routine post-operative endoscopy for all patients.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.115-124
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• 1987

Stop-hole method is one of the conventional methods for the temporary repair or reinforcement of the member in the case that the structural steel member has a fatigue crack. In this study, the stop-hole method. have been estimated quantitatively in terms of survival life time of the side edge cracked specimen. For this purpose, fatigue tests have been performed on the test specimens and the fatigue crack growth rates of the structural steel (SS41) members have been measured under load of constant amplitude. The results of this experiment show that it is desirable to use the stop-hole method before the crack reaches the region of elasto-plastic behaviour.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.596-605
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• 2013

This study investigates the wearing trend and purchase facts for adult females in their 20s and 30s along with their fitting satisfaction for woven jackets and circular knitted jackets. A questionnaire survey on consumers investigated satisfaction with jackets according to clothing materials and repair trend after wearing. Subsequently, a preference for circular knitted jackets was shown higher than woven jackets. Females in their 20s preferred woven jackets than those in their 30s; however, the latter preferred circular knitted jackets than the former. For woven jackets, they showed the highest satisfaction with size; however, for circular knitted jackets, they showed the highest satisfaction with fitting. In the question on their satisfaction by jacket part, satisfaction with circular knitted jackets was higher in all items except for bust measurement, bottom edge measurement, elbow circumference, shoulder width, and clothes length. Circular knitted jackets had lower repair rates than woven jackets and woven jackets had significant differences by age in satisfaction with back width. The research results indicate that females in their 20s and 30s who value fit preference and practicality will increasingly wear knit clothes. Therefore, we can address the fitting satisfaction requirement of females in their 20s and 30s by taking the clothing material properties of circular knitted clothes into consideration. In addition, further research is required on jacket patterns in consideration of clothing materials.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.388-393
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• 2000

Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital defects in oro-maxillo-facial region. Because most patients undergo surgical repair in early life, the sagittal jaw relationships used to be deteriorated gradually from palate surgery up to adulthood. Also, the maxillary lateral incisor may be absent or atypical-shaped in the cleft site and may not erupt or erupt ectopically, so multidisciplinary dental cares are needed for cleft lip and palate patients. The effects of the cleft lip and alveolus seem to be limited to that part of the dentofacial complex that surrounds the cleft area. In the maxillary arch, the anterior part of the non cleft segment has a tendency to be rotated forward. On the other hand, the cleft segment has a tendency to rotated slightly medially ; hence, the tendency for canines to be edge-to-edge and sometimes in crossbite. Lip and alveolus surgery adequetely correct these problems, with little untoward effect on the skeletal maxillary-mandible relationships. In this report, the patient has a repaired lip and cleft alveolus on the left side with congenital missing on '62, '22, oronasal fistula, and skeletal class III malocclusion which is not affected by lip surgery. Dental treatments for this patient including orthodontic(space supervision, functional regulator in mixed dentition, fixed therapy in permanent dentition) and prosthodontic(removable obturator with key and keyway attachment and Konus crown) therapy were performed to improve the patient's functions and esthetics.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.111-121
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• 2010

As the customer's interest for sidewalk block in the street or apartment complex is increasing, the materials of block which had been a concrete block exclusively are varied to clay paver, native rock and wood etc. Especially, the sales volume of clay paver which is environment-friendly and ergonomic is dramatically increasing every year with two digits growth rate, however, many problems like "Edge Cracking" "Freezing Breakage" "Bending Breakage" "Joint Gap" are happening frequently within a couple of hours after installation due to the durabilities. Because of the characteristics of Ceramic products, clay pavers are very easy to be broken when they are bumped against each other. In addition, they are relatively fragile by a freezing expansion breakage when exposed to water due to hydrophilic property as well as the intensity and absorptance of the products are varied with small difference from the production process such as production equipment and process control. Therefore, it costs a lot of money to repair the breakdown unless production and installation is carried out according to the strict criteria of the quality control. In this study, the symptoms of breakdown frequently happened in clay paver are classified by each type and finally the solution for this problem in the production of brick, installation and criteria of quality control through compressive strength and absorptance test is suggested.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.361-370
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• 2017

Through the use of finite element analysis and acoustic emission techniques we have evaluated the interfacial failure of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) repair patch on a notched aluminum substrate. The repair of cracks is a very common and widely used practice in the aeronautics field to extend the life of cracked sheet metal panels. The process consists of adhesively bonding a patch that encompasses the notched site to provide additional strength, thereby increasing life and avoiding costly replacements. The mechanical strength of the bonded joint relies mainly on the bonding of the adhesive to the plate and patch stiffness. Stress concentrations at crack tips promote disbonding of the composite patch from the substrate, consequently reducing the bonded area, which makes this a critical aspect of repair effectiveness. In this paper we examine patch disbonding by calculating the influence of notch tip stress on disbond area and verify computational results with acoustic emission (AE) measurements obtained from specimens subjected to uniaxial tension. The FE results showed that disbonding first occurs between the patch and the substrate close to free edge of the patch followed by failure around the tip of the notch, both highest stress regions. Experimental results revealed that cement adhesion at the aluminum interface was the limiting factor in patch performance. The patch did not appear to strengthen the aluminum substrate when measured by stress-strain due to early stage disbonding. Analysis of the AE signals provided insight to the disbond locations and progression at the metal-adhesive interface. Crack growth from the notch in the aluminum was not observed until the stress reached a critical level, an instant before final fracture, which was unaffected by the patch due to early stage disbonding. The FE model was further utilized to study the effects of patch fiber orientation and increased adhesive strength. The model revealed that the effectiveness of patch repairs is strongly dependent upon the combined interactions of adhesive bond strength and fiber orientation.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2001

Cleft lip and/or palate is the congenital orofacial malformation most commonly occurred in humans, The disease is multifactorial and is probably caused by genetic and/or environmental factors, So, there are many problems in research concerning etiology and in treatment of the disease, Even the most practiced and sophisticated methods of surgical repair are necessarily followed by scar contraction and fibrosis, which result in skeletal defects, dental abnormalities, cosmetic disfigurement, and speech impairment, As a result, Fetal surgery can be considered but practiced rarely when the deformity is not fatal to life, And treatment of cleft palate is performed in the form of medicine projection into uterus in animal experiments, Many studies show that growth factor and its receptor emerge from the developing palate; and the epidermal growth factor receptors have a important role in craniofacial development and in palatal fusion, The palatal morphogenesis of the avine is different from the mammal's; it takes the form of physiologic cleft palate, Recently, cleft palate fusion experiment was performed when the avine were in the period of palate formation through the exogenous TGF-β3 addition, and it showed that the exogenous TGF-β3 makes fusion of divided palate through certain process when cleft palate is occurred in palatal formation, In this study, I had the conformation of the fusion of cleft palate through the addition of TGF-β in case of chicken embryo, and observed the effect of TGF-β in EGF receptor distribution, And the following is the results of this study, 1. In case of the TGF-βl and β3 addition group, there was the decrease of EGFR(Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) immunoreactivity in mesenchymal cells beneath the medial edge epithelium and also in epithelial mesenchymal interface which is between medial edge epithelium and nasal septum in 72 hours, 2, The immunoreactivity of the control group resembles that of normal chicken embryo palate in development, 3. In the view through fluorescence confocal microscopy, there was confluence in TGF-β3 addition group, This shows that the confluence induced by exogenous TGF-β3 is related to EGFR expression in palate of chicken embryo, which is a physiologic cleft palate model.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.31-36
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• 2018

This research scrutinizes the reason of failure after pressure cooker test (PCT) for DRAM device. We use the physical inspecting tools, such as microscope, SEM and TEM, and finally find the discolor phenomenon, corrosion of Al and delamination of inter-metal dielectric (IMD) in the failed devices after PCT. Furthermore, we discover the abnormal $Al_XO_Y$ layer on Al through the careful additional measurements. To find the reason, we evaluate the effect of package ball size and pinhole in passivation layer. Unfortunately, those aren't related to the problems. We also estimate halide effect of Al. The halogens such like Cl are contained within EMC material. Those result in the slight improving of PCT characteristics but do not perfectly solve the problems. We make a hypothesis of Galvanic corrosion. We can find the residue of Ti at the edge of pad open area. We can see the improving the PCT characteristics by the time split of repair etch. The possible mechanism of the PCT failure can be deduced as such following sequence of reactions. The remained Ti reacts on the pad Al by Galvanic corrosion. The ionized Al is easily react with the $H_2O$ supplied under PCT environment, and finally transfers to the abnormal $Al_XO_Y$ layer.