• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.804-812
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• 2011

To prevent the overflow of various harmful chemicals, it is necessary to modify the chemical management system with an expansion to institutionally regulated substances. This modification should be preceded by selection of the priority chemicals, with a diverse chemical ranking system (CRS) applied to select the chemicals in developed countries. In Korea, a systematic CRS was used in a project related to soil and groundwater, however, it is inadequate to compare soil and groundwater CRS to that of surfacewater. In this study, a priority chemical ranking system for surfacewater was proposed through the analysis of international and domestic CRS cases. This was then applied to 161 chemicals to derive the priority list of harmful chemicals. As a result, Chemical RAnking of surFacewater polluTants (CRAFT) is presented for the protection of human health and the aquatic ecosystem from surfacewater pollutants. The components of CRAFT are the human health toxicity, aquatic ecosystem toxicity and reliability assessment factors. Three lists were derived from the 161 priority harmful chemicals for the protection of human health, aquatic ecosystem or both. It is expected that this result can be useful to prioritize harmful chemicals for the protection of human health and the aquatic ecosystem from Korean surfacewater.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.327-337
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• 2007

Plankton communities have close relationships with environmental changes in water columns. Thus, the use of plankton as a biological tool for assessing the marine ecosystem health may be effective. Major issue regarding coastal pollution has been usually recognized as phytoplankton blooms or red tides caused by the eutrophication, an increase in concentration of inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. However, in order to understand the effects of the overall pollution on marine ecosystem, the organic pollutants as well as the inorganic nutrients should be also considered. For understanding the effects of the organic pollution, among the planktonic organisms, heterotrophic bacteria, heterotrophic flagellates and ciliates should be investigated. Generally, there are three approaches for assessing the marine ecosystem health using the plankton taxa or plankton communities. The first one is a community-based approach such as diversity index and chlorophyll a concentration which are common in analysis of the plankton communities. The second is an indiviual-based approach which is to monitor the pollution indicative species. This approach needs one's ability to identify the plankton to species level. The last approach is a bioassay of toxicity, which can be applied to the plankton. A pilot study in Masan Bay was conducted to assess the effects of the inorganic and organic pollution. In this article, a new approach using plankton communities was tentatively presented as a biological tool for assessing the ecosystem health of Masan Bay.

• 환경생물
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2010

하계 진해만 16개의 정점에서 해양생태계의 오염 정도를 평가하기 위해서 플랑크톤 건강 지수를 살펴보았다. 해양생태계 건강지수 산출은 부유성 플랑크톤 생물 엔테로박테리아 Escherichia coli, HB, ANF, HNF, HABs 그리고 섬모충류 등과 더불어 무기와 유기 오염원인 DOC, COD, 그리고 Chl.a 등을 각각 조사하였다. 그 중 플랑크톤 지수 산출은 오염압력의 반응에 민감한 Chl.a, HABs, HB, E. coli 등 4개의 지표를 시범적 선정하였다. 또한 점수산정기준은 과거자료를 바탕으로 통계학적 기법으로 해석하였으며, 그들 건강지수 등급도 4개로 나누었다. 그 결과 진해만 해역은 전반적으로 "좋음"의 B등급을 받았다. 본 연구에서 산출한 플랑크톤 건강지수는 진해만의 해양생태계 건강성 평가를 하기 위한 좋은 방법 중 하나로 고려하여도 될 것이다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.527-536
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• 2007

In this study, we applied 10-metric health assessment model, based on the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) during 2006 in the Changwon Stream, which is located in the Changwon city, Gyeongnam province, S. Korea, and then compared with water quality data. The Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) in the Changwon Stream varied from 18 to 38 in the watershed depending on the sampling location and averaged 30.3 (n=6) during the study. Analysis of tolerance guilds showed that the proportion of sensitive species was 13%, but tolerant and intermediate species were 34% and 53%, respectively. Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) averaged 43.3 (range: 65-104, n=6) indicating non-supporting condition, based on the criteria of U.S. EPA (1993). Values of QHEI showed a typical longitudinal decreases from the headwater reach to the downstream location, except for Site 1 with a low QHEI value by artificial habitat by concrete construction. Minimum QHEI was found in Site 4 where fish diversity was minimal. Conductivity increased continuously along the gradients and especially showed abrupt increases in the downstream sites along with turbidity. Stream ecosystem health of IBI matched to the values of QHEI except for S6. Low IBI values in the sites 4 and 5 was considered to be a result of combined effects of chemical pollutions and habitat degradations. Our results support the hypotheses of Plafkin et ai. (1989) that physical habitat quality directly influences the trophic structure and species richness, and is closely associated with IBI values.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.511-522
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• 2020

본 논문은 공공영역에서 의료 마이데이터 사업을 추진하기 위한 생태계 구축 방안을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 마이데이터 사업의 유형을 비즈니스 도메인별, 주체별, 목적별, 방식별로 구분하고, 이를 바탕으로 국내 및 해외에서 추진되고 있는 마이데이터 사업을 유형별로 분석하였다. 그 후 분석 결과를 바탕으로 시나리오 기법을 통해 공공영역에서 추진할 수 있는 마이데이터 사업의 시나리오를 도출하고, 각 시나리오를 추진하기 위한 주체별 역할 및 주요 이슈를 파악하여 생태계 구성 주체별 전략방향을 제시하였다. 이와 같은 시도는 민감 정보를 대상으로 하여 민간에서 시작하기에 이슈가 많은 의료 마이데이터 사업이 국내에 정착하기 위해 공공영역에서 주도적으로 할 수 있는 역할이 무엇인지를 드러내는데 1차적 의의가 있다. 이를 통해 국내에서 생태계가 구축되기 위해 예상되는 이슈를 파악하고, 향후 마이 데이터 사업이 국내에서 올바른 방향으로 추진될 수 있는 방향성을 제시하기 위한 논의의 초석이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 다각적 수환경지표를 이용하여 영산호의 현재 상태를 평가하고 더 나아가 영산호의 수질 관리 및 생태계 보전에 활용하기 위함이다. 본 연구에서 적용한 정수생태계 건강성 평가 모델은 U.S. EPA(1998)의 정수생태계 평가 기법 (Lake and Reservoir Bioassessment and Biocriteria)에 기초를 두었고, 이 모델을 바탕으로 우리나라 호소의 특성에 맞게 수정 보완한 안과한(2007)의 모델을 따랐다. 또한 영산호의 물리적 서식 환경을 평가하기 위하여 Plafkin et al.(1989)에 의해 개발된 물리적 서식지 평가 모델을 이용하여 호소환경에 맞는 7 메트릭 모델을 적용하였다. 조직별 수은 분석은 수은 직접분석기(DMA-80)를 이용하여 U.S. EPA 7473 method로 측정하였다. 본 연구의 조사 결과, 채집된 어류는 1차 조사에서 7과 22종 389개체, 2차 조사에서 7과 21종 631개체, 3차 조사에서 7과 19종 330개체로 총 30종 1,350개체가 채집되었다. 생물학적 건강성 평가 지수는 평균 19로 악화상태(범위: $14{\sim}26$, n=15)인 것으로 나타났고 지점별 큰 변이는 보이지 않았다. 이는 외래종의 우점, 생태계 교란에 의한 기형어종과 사체의 빈도가 높았기 때문인 것으로 사료되었다. 물리적 서식지 평가 결과에 따르면 영산호의 서식지 건강도는 평균 72로 보통$\sim$양호상태(범위: $48{\sim}99$, n=15)를 보였고, 영산호 하류쪽이 상류에 비하여 물리적 서식지 건강도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 일반 수질 항목 측정 결과, 염도는 하구둑에 가까워질수록 증가하는 것으로 나타나 해수의 영향을 반증하였다. 총수은 농도는 조직별, 지점별로 일부 차이를 보였으나, 전반적으로 수은농축의 영향은 미미한 것으로 사료되었다. 영산호의 생태 건강성 향상을 위해 외래종에 의한 교란 억제, 물리적 서식지의 복원 등이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권spc2호
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• pp.777-789
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)을 이용하여 한강유역 ($34,148km^2$)내 다목적 댐(소양강댐, 횡성댐, 충주댐)의 하천유지유량 추가 방류 모의를 통한 유역의 수질 및 수생태계 건강성 변화를 평가하였다. 추가 방류기간은 수생태계 건강성 조사가 수행되는 봄(4-6월), 가을(8-10월)로 산정하였으며, 방류량은 댐의 기존 방류량에 비례하며 총 방류량이 댐별 고시된 하천유지유량을 초과하지 않도록 산정하였다. 하천 유지유량 방류에 따른 수질(T-N, $NH_4$, $NO_3-N$, T-P, $PO_4-P$) 농도는 봄철에 감소하지만 가을철에는 오히려 증가하는 것으로 모의되었다. 변화한 수질농도 데이터를 기존에 구축한 Random Forest 알고리즘에 적용하여 수생태계 건강성을 평가하였을 때, 유역의 하류에서 모든 수생태계 건강성 지수(FAI, TDI, BMI) 등급이 개선되는 것으로 분석되었다. 가을보다 봄에 하천유지유량 방류에 따른 수생태계 개선의 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.165-174
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• 1999

This study was conducted to analyze the priority of environmental problems in Korea by investigating the environmental professionals' perception. The delphi technique was applied to identify their risk perception towards some specific items related with pollution. A standardized questionnaire on environmental problems and their priorities was used to 74 subjects. In the questionnaire, the environmental problems were divided into the general ones,9 items, and the specific ones,30 items. Also, the perception was associated with two points of view which were the risk on general human health or ecosystem, and on the present situation in Korea. The priority of risk from general environmental problems on human health or ecosystem was analyzed in the order of 'water pollution', 'air pollution', 'soil contamination', 'waste', 'toxic chemical pollutants', 'food contamination', 'ocean contamination', 'odor pollution', and 'noise pollution'. The priority of risk on the present situation in Korea was analyzed in the order of 'water pollution','air pollution','waste','toxic chemical pollutants','food contamination','soil contamination','ocean contamination','odor pollution', and 'noise pollution'. And these priorities were significantly related with the characteristics of respondents such as sex, age, and major concerned area. However, for the first five priorities of risk from the specific environmental problems on human health or ecosystem, the environmental professionals agreed with 'automotive vehicle exhaust', 'domestic and industrial source pollutants to surface water', '$CO_2$nd g1oba1 warming effect','toxic air pollutant' and 'industrial source air pollution'. The priorities of risk on the present situation in Korea were similar to these results.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2002

South Africa has developed a policy and law that calls and provides for the equitable and sustainable use of water resources. Sustainable resource use is dependent on effective resource protection. Rivers are the most important freshwater resources in the country, and there is a focus on developing and applying methods to quantify what rivers need in terms of flow and water quality. These quantified and descriptive objectives are then related to specified levels of ecological health in a classification system. This paper provides an overview of an integrated and systematic methodology, where, fer each river, and each river reach, the natural condition and the present ecological condition are described, and a level/class of ecosystem health is selected. The class will define long term management goals. This procedure requires each ecosystem component to be quantified, starting with the abiotic template. A modified flow regime is modelled for each ecosystem health class, and the resultant fluvial geomorphology and hydraulic habitats are described. Then the water chemistry is described, and the water quality changes that are likely to occur as a consequence of altered flows are predicted. Finally, the responses to the stress imposed on the biota (fish, invertebrates and vegetation) by modified flow and water quality are predicted. All of the predicted responses are translated into descriptive and/or quantitative management objectives. The paper concludes with the recognition of active method development, and the enormous challenge of applying the methods, implementing the law, and achieving river protection and sustainable resource-use.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 1995

This study was carried out to find the problems of assessment on terrestrial ecosystem part in environmental impact analysis(EIA) and to suggest the proper amelioration measures by analyzing 19 environmental impact statements(EIS) published during the period from 1991 to 1994. The results obtained from this study were as follows. Field survey for the investigation of fauna and flora in project areas should be conducted at least 3 times a year and name of investigator should be written on the EIS clearly. Increase or decrease in degree of green naturality and productivity cannot be an absolute criteria for expressing the amount of changes in ecosystem. Evaluation for the ecosystems and their composition in project area is more important than presenting merely the increase or decrease in degree of green naturality and productivity. Alleviation measures in 19 EISs analyzed in this study were summarized into 6 types: They are establishment of landscape plan, transplanting of useful trees preservation of big tree and protected species, restoration and preservation of existent vegetation, establishment of soil conservation measures and diminution of the impact on animal. However, they were somewhat insufficient because they wouldn't suggest the alleviation measures in detail. The more positive counter-proposals are needed to decrease the impact of the project on terrestrial ecosystem.