• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.318-328
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• 1994

This study was carried out to find out the possibility of continuity of the Farming Service Company (FSC), which has been founding since 1991 by the public administration to obtain the scale economy in the rice production, through the only financial analysis of the FSC. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The FSC's business is forward to the off-farm business rather than farm business. Based on the profit ratio, the profit ratio of off-farm business is more than that of farm business. It may cause the difficulty of policy to obtain the scale economy in the farming through the FSC. 2. Without subsidies the average net profit of the FSC was negative, which may provide the motives to the FSC to seek out the way to survive through the off-farm business, unless the FSC's could break up. 3. After all, the possibility of continuity of the FSC through the only financial analysis seems to be very little. Therefore the public administration should reconsider the present policy which is to found the more FSC continuously. If government wants to support the FSC continuously, government should focus on the conglomeration of farm land to increase the productivity of farming and on the subsidy of off-farm business to increase the profit ratio of the FSC.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.31-38
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to seek some alternative to overcome difficult shipping situations for overcapacity pursuing economy of scale, which is widely spread in world shipping. Research design, data, and methodology - The research method to be adopted is first to review evolution of larger ships in terms of theoretical overview, and shipping market is examined, and it is studied some problems and solutions in relation to larger ship as field research aspects. Results - Supply and demand of shipping market is flexible and unpredictable nature of market. Sometime fierce competition has spread out the market, and shipowner may deploy mega ship in terms of economy of scale, etc., to overcome the difficult market situations. Both carrier and shipper have their own positions in this matter concerned. However, it causes some problems in the market including port matters, etc. Therefore, it is asked to solve this problems of larger ship employed in the markets, throughout shipping alliances, etc. Conclusions - Over tonnage done by larger ship has caused some problems in the shipping markets, forming monopolistic market by small number of larger shipping companies, destroying oligopolistic nature of shipping business, therefore, the answer is strategic alliance to collaborate each other.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 2005

The single sourcing policy, in which an automobile manufacturer purchases identical or similar parts from one supplier, has an advantage of scale economy. Meanwhile, multiple sourcing policy, which allows procuring similar parts from multiple suppliers, has benefits of dispersing risks and promoting competition among suppliers. This paper analyzes the procurement policies by presenting a model of the Japanese automobile parts trade. It concludes that maturity of technology involved should be taken into account besides above-mentioned factors which have traditionally been recognized. For parts produced using evolving technologies, the single sourcing enhances purchaser’s benefits because of the scale economy in learning process. In the meantime, multiple sourcing is more beneficial to the purchaser if the parts are based on mature technologies. In either policy, if the technology involved is evolving, motivating suppliers by returning a great part of cost reduction as a reward to them may eventually increase profit for the purchaser. The conclusion supports the situation where the number of suppliers is being cut down as the trend of modularization and system deliveries of parts progresses in the auto parts industry, and suggests that returning part of benefits to parts suppliers may be encouraged from the viewpoint of auto manufacturers’ own interest.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.723-726
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• 2009

As a preliminary study of cost estimates for nuclear hydrogen systems, the hydrogen production costs of the nuclear energy sources benchmarking GT-MHR are estimated in the necessary input data on a Korean specific basis. G4-ECONS developed by EMWG of GIF in 2008 was appropriately modified to calculate the cost for hydrogen production of SI process with VHTR as a thermal energy source rather than the LUEC. The estimated costs presented in this paper show that hydrogen production by the VHTR could be competitive with current techniques of hydrogen production from fossil fuels if $CO_2$ capture and sequestration is required. Nuclear production of hydrogen would allow large-scale production of hydrogen at economic prices while avoiding the release of $CO_2$. Nuclear production of hydrogen could thus become the enabling technology for the hydrogen economy. The major factors that would affect the cost of hydrogen were also discussed.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to examine disconnection between supply and demand shipping market, which means shipowner has determined to raise capacity in bust period. Research design, data, and methodology - The research method to be applied is first to look into conceptual theory about shipping market, and then to study imbalance of supply and demand situations in shipping on crisis, and next, to analyses paradoxical aspects traced. Results - Shipping market is a volatile and cyclic characteristics, and its situations have to be examined very carefully. Since financial crisis has broken up in 2008, it is natural to think that world trade volumes has reduced rapidly, which means demand for shipping service has fallen, and accordingly, tonnage should be stagnated as well. However, shipping companies have put capacity into market as unexpectedly. This is because of economy of scale and time lag. Here, this can be explained in terms of paradox that is proved in this paper. Conclusions - From careful research in this paper, it is found that supply and demand are not always got along with market situations, in other words supply side could be working well, in spite of depression time of demand situations in world shipping markets.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.101-110
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• 2007

Current strategic trends in service distribution and software development in response to Web as a platform represent a paradoxical concurrent pursuit of 'economy of scale' and 'service'. From the software perspective, the major novel elements of the Web 2.0 era are Web as a platform and the emergence of long-tail service enabling web sites to function as an independent distribution channel. The current study analyzed the platform strategy for establishing a community of interactive developer and customers taking the issue of economy of scale into consideration. Software industry should face the new reality and utilize the open source community for cost minimization and securing customer base. Furthermore, Lego-style software development should be adopted for maintaining cost-competitiveness in customized software development.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.165-176
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• 2014

This paper was tried to show the improvement model for software industry structure in Korea regarding to have the global level of competence in Korean software firms. To suggest the improvement model for software industry structure, the detailed status about software industry which as in the supply and demand perspectives and comparativeness dimension were analysed. Also to this model the special survey results from the 35 professionalists in the software industry were included. This improvement model suggests the big software firms have to consider the economy of the scale, and to enter global IT market, the other SMEs have to pursuit themselves as a specified technology firms. So it is good for the oversea project collaboration with the solution provider firms and IT service firms. And it is desirable to make a the economy of scale regarding as the solution venture startup, M&A, networking the software firms as supply chain. Also the development of new business model for new market and firms with the high-tech business competency will be required.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.3-18
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• 2012

Constitutional issue of economic order has fiercely been disputed around the world and through the ages. In Korea, there also has been endless argument on to what extent the government should intervene in the economy through regulation. Article 119 of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea has its basis on the principle of free market economy, exceptionally allowing the government to intervene and coordinate in certain situations. The Constitution empowers the government with the authority of regulation and coordination to execute the Constitutional value of guaranteeing and securing fundamental human rights. Therefore, the government, as a fair and just mediator, should perform its mission to democratize the economy as well as secure market freedom and creative initiative.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.1326-1330
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• 2001

This study analyzed the lowest production cost and the greatest profit to be obtained from marketing hogs to determine the optimal operation scale for family-owned farrow-to-finish farms. Data were collected from 39 farrow-to-finish farms with 500 to 5,000 inventories for two consecutive years, and treated with GLM and quadratic regression models using the REG procedure. Analysis results indicated that farms capable of marketing 2,933 and 3,286 hogs annually had the lowest production cost and the greatest profit, respectively. Further analysis attributed the lowest production cost or the highest return in farms with an optimal scale of 3,000 to a higher survival rate of the herd, as well as lower expenses in veterinary medicine, labor, utilities and fuel, transportation, and depreciation. A similar feed conversion efficiency was observed for all the farms studied. Obviously, the cost efficiencies were associated with the economy of the operation scale of hog production until it reached 3,000 hogs marketed annually for a family-run unit. Beyond the optimal scale of 3,000 hogs, good stockmanship was more difficult to maintain and the herd management deteriorated as increasing mortality confirms. It is conclude that, unless advanced management is applied, the operation scale should not expand beyond 3,000 hogs.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.155-187
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• 1992

The Korean economy has sustained high growth rate for almost three decades, that have been associated with the rapid expansion of manufacturing industries. In the beginning stage of development, the high growth of the Korean economy has been based on improvements in productivity obtained by the economies of scale. In that period, the improvements in productivity could be secured by the economies of scale in the export-oriented industries which are the labor- and material-intensive industries. In the latter half of the 1980s, the Korean economy went through rapid transition. Now Korea is at another juncture in its development process, where economic restructuring is critical to sustain high growth. However, economic restructuring in the 1990s call for much more concerted effort than before, since changes in internal and external conditions have profoundly altered the environment for economic development. If Korea is to sustain high growth in the 1990s, it has to promote balanced economic and social development in coordination with the smooth facilitation of industrial restructuring. There are no inherent conflicts among the issues involved, so they can be resolved by restructuring the economy to facilitate, in a global context, the development of knowledge- and technology-intensive activities and to ensure that the benefts of growth are reflected of qualitative improvements in national living standards. In this paper, we examined a scenario of structural changes using a mid- and long-term multisector model, in order to understand the conditions needed for realizing the growth potential. This examination explains the important features of the development course and policy directions that will help sustain high growth in the 1990s.