• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.503-508
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• 2012

Recently green house gas emission problem has been issued because $CO_2$ emission is known to cause global warming. Hence, introduces more stringent emission and fuel economy requirements in various countries, including Korea. In this research, $CO_2$ emission factor characteristics of in-use cars, which are the most dominant vehicle type in Korea, were studied, and 129 gasoline vehicles, 100 diesel vehicles, and 34 LPG vehicles were tested on a chassis dynamometer. In the tests, CO and $CO_2$ emissions as well as fuel reduction rates weremeasured. The tests were conducted in the CVS-75 mode, which has been considered for developing emission factors for regulating emissions from light-duty vehicles in Korea. Through experiments, correlations among displacement, fuel consumption efficiency, fuel type, mileage, driving pattern, and $CO_2$ emission were investigated.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2009

As new small scale LFG (landfill gas) energy project model which can improve economic feasibility limited due to the economy of scale, LFG-Microturbine combined heat and power system with $CO_2$ fertilization into greenhouses was proposed and investigated including basic design process prior to the system installation at Gwang-ju metro sanitary landfill. The system features $CH_4$ enrichment for stable microturbine operation, reduction of compressor power consumption and low CO emission, and $CO_2$ supplement into greenhouse for enhancement plant growth. From many other researches, high $CO_2$ concentration was found to enhance $CO_2$ assimilation (also known as photosynthesis reaction) which converts $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ to sugar using light energy. For small scale landfills which produce LFG under $3\;m^3$/min, among currently available prime movers, microturbine is the most suitable power generation system and its low electric efficiency can be improved with heat recovery. Besides, since its exhaust gas contains very low level of harmful contaminants to plant growth such as NOx, CO and SOx, microturbine exhaust gas is a suitable and economically advantageous $CO_2$ source for $CO_2$ fertilization in greenhouse. The LFG-Microturbine combined heat and power generation system with $CO_2$ fertilization into greenhouse gas to enhance plant growth is technologically and economically feasible and improves economical feasibility compared to other small scale LFG energy project model.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2003

This on­farm study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding deepstacked broiler excreta­saw dust­rice hulls(DBSR) pellets on feed intake, production and economy of growing Hanwoo steers and Holstein bulls. Formulated mix and rice straw were replaced at 16％ and 48％ levels for growing Hanwoo steers(6 wk of feeding period) and at 4％ and 18％ levels for Holstein bulls(12 wk) with DBSR pellets. Control and treated diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and DBSR pellets were fed ad libitum. Palatability of DBSR pellets turned out to be favorable. Compared with the control group, feeding DBSR pellets did not affect body weight gain, average daily gain and feed efficiency(P＞0.05). Feed cost per gain was reduced by 18.5％ for Hanwoo steers and 3.5％ for Holstein bulls. Feeding DBSR pellets to Holstein bulls did not affect carcass weight and grades of meat yield and quality. These results indicate that deepstacked cage broiler excreta mixture may be effectively used as a feed ingredient for growing ruminants.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.95-114
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• 2007

Since the 17th century, the society of Joseon dynasty belongs to a period of rapid transition in many fields. As the building is a result to be produced on the basis of a society and economy, the general transition in a society is to be reflected into a process of building construction. Especially, a study on the material supply system of economic base in a process of building construction is one of vely important factors in an understanding or estimate of a building. On the premise, this paper is to examine the supply system of iron materials and the tools in the construction of the government managed buildings in the late of Joseon dynasty on a viewpoint of productivity. Construction reports and other documents in those days are examined for the study. Following conclusions have been reached through the study. 1) The general supply method of iron materials for a large-scale government construction was based on 'byulgong', that is, a kind of tribute. 2) Various methods were selected in the supply method of iron materials for government use in the late of Joseon dynasty. The priority order of choice in its government policy was put on an easiness of amount security, on a minimum of expenditure, and on an efficiency of construction execution. 3) The manufacturing technique of weaponry was used in the production method of iron materials and the tools for government use. The cooperation of the official, the army, and the merchant had improved the manufacturing technique of building construction.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2014

The government aims at promoting the national growth and heightening efficiency through the creativity economy. This study focus on the effectiveness(difference of the tax bearance) of tax-aid system(tax-reduction and tax-deduction) for the venture firms and small & medium firms. Sampling of this study was collected through what had been recorded to the enterprise information service of Korcham(venture firms), DB of Small & Medium Business Administration Authority from 2010 to 2012, and opened information of the KOSDAQ Association. The results were as follows. Firstly, There exists differences in the tax bearance rate between the tax-aided corporation and the tax-nonaided corporation through venture firms and small & medium firms. Secondly, Venture firms were investigated to bear low tax-bearance rate in contrast to Small & Medium Firms. The results of this study shows that the national tax-aided system is effective, and can be led to another new politics alternatives.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.439-447
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• 2009

Cogeneration system produces power as well as heat recovered from waste heat during power generation process. This system has higher energy efficiency than that of the power plant. In this study the optimal design for the cogeneration system with the increase of the capacity considering life cycle cost(LCC) analysis has been performed in the general facilities such as hotels and hospitals under the assumption of electricity cost of 95 won/kWh, the initial cost of cogeneration system of 1,500,000 won!kW and the value of 0.5${\sim}$1.0 in the ratio of heat to power. The optimal ratio of cogeneration capacity divided by average electricity load of facility was found out more than 0.5 in case of electricity cost with the increase of>30%, and the percentage of $CO_2$ reduction was about 9%. The most important factors in the economic analysis of cogeneration system was found out the electrity cost and the initial cost of cogeneration system. Also the ratio of heat to power at the value of>0.5 was not affected in the economy of cogeneration system, but was very important in the $CO_2$ reduction.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2009

This paper studies examines the R&D efficiency in Korean energy industry by making multiple logistic regression of the product technological level with firms' endogenous technological efforts and cooperations for R&D between upstream and downstream firms. The technological level of Korean energy industry is analyzed to have been positively influenced by economy of scale effect and cooperations for R&D between upstream and downstream firms, but negatively impacted by firm size, and not impacted by competitive market structure, R&D investment, and R&D manpowers. The implications of this study are as follows: i) to heighten the technological level, domestic market would be transformed to be more competitive; ii) Korean Energy industry should make efforts intensifying R&D-related manpowers and investments; iii) although the firm size is analyzed to have negative impact on technological level, firms, lager or smaller, must be supported to accumulate technological capabilities; iv) R&D-cooperating efforts between upstream and downstream firms on the value-chain should be supported.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2013

With the increase in the application of CLSM using coal ash, we performed a basic research on CLSM material, laying focus on the correlation between compressive strength and unit weight of lightweight foamed CLSM. The unconfined compression strength is a criterion for the judgment of the possibility of re-excavation and an important factor determining the economy, efficiency, and excavation character. However, to know the quantitative compression strength value takes a certain amount of time, because the applicability of unconfined compression strength of CLSM is judged by the standard of 28days. Therefore, in this study the relation between compressive strength and unit weight (foam slurry unit weight, apparent unit weight) is analyzed focusing on lightweight foamed CLSM. We also suggested a formula which can easily predict the 28-day compressive strength only using unit weight value without the need to cure the slurry for 28 days.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.767-804
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• 2000

International network strategy is intended to examine the validity of existing network-centered theories in order to ascertain why small-and medium-sized enterprises are useful as a strategic correspondence to the internationalization trend. Small-and medium-sized enterprises can be estimated as being vital majorities in terms of their flexibility to meet changable conditions in international marketing compared with the conglomerates Therefore, their dependency on a few conglomerates for the international economy can be diverged. Generally, the successful internationalization of industries can be derived from the creation of suitable strategies for its competence and quality with the effective correction and completion of its strategy and tactics through mistakes. The internationalization strategy of small-and medium-sized enterprises should not be the reckless pursuit of internationalization that depends only on the increase of investment or the simple induction of the other conglomerates strategic models, but it should be accomplished through the evolution and practice of the concrete strategies that will be more proper for the enterprise's property and efficiency. The results of analyses with proof can be summarized with two effects in large in the process of internationalization of domestic small-and medium-sized enterprises. First, the capacity for internationalization of firms results from a long-term training procedure and continuous development of managing activities. Then in time this becomes an important element for the small-and medium-sized firms in terms with its position targeted international trading. However, the domestic enterprises are showing their abilities in the international competition in quantity, and trying to establish relationships between the enterprises through international networks. Second, statistics might not be meaningful in part because of the lack of data for analysis. It seems that more useful results will be derived from obtaining and utilizing sufficient information and from establishing an inter-relationship between the small-and medium-sized enterprises which are investing in foreign companies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.7
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• pp.79-96
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• 2012

Creativity is a rising topic in the current society. The emphasis on creativity is valued as a key factor for success in all areas including but not limited to politics, economy, culture, arts and design. The field of Fashion design is probably one of the few areas that talk about creativity as a necessary quality to survive. The purpose of this study is to introduce TRIZ(Teoriya Reshniya Izobretatelsskikh Sadatch) as a theoretical tool to generate creativity in fashion design. TRIZ is a creative method of problem solving based on data analysis of outcomes invented by engineering. The fundamental concept of TRIZ has been researched through documentary studies, and practical case studies of product designs are used. Fashion design cases from Comme des Garcons by Rei Kawakubo are used to apply TRIZ in fashion design. Rei Kawakubo's design philosophy has been studied through fashion writings and visual sources in books, exhibition catalog, www. style. com and online shopping mall sites. This study has selected four principles among forty inventive theories of TRIZ: segmentation; asymmetry; consolidation; and preliminary action to apply to Rei Kawakubo's fashion design. As a result, TRIZ can be applicable to fashion design as a creative thinking methodology. By using the four principles of TRIZ, this study shows how Rei Kawakubo's design enhanced its efficiency and aesthetics of the products and was distinguished from existing items. It is meaningful to demonstrate a possibility of adopting engineering based creative methodology in fashion design to widen the perspective and to raise a question for the need of interdisciplinary creative methodology with traditional aesthetic approach in fashion design.