• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.164-179
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• 2013

Ulaanbaatar city, the capital of Mongolia and the center of Mongolian economy, increasingly needs to have a long-term urban planning and a system to impose a tax on land effectively as insufficient development of land and the moving of nomad into urban areas increases during its rapid growth. Therefore, Mongolian government has to prepare a land management system which provides the infrastructure to improve work efficiency and service quality by integrating digitalized data about land and main facilities and sharing data between related departments. This research analyzed the environment to operate the existing land management system and working environment and redesigned database. Furthermore, it integrated all the existing systems, configured service network, and made working environment for land registration, land permission, land payment management to be processed online. With this, it provides the foundation to improve quality of people's life through the preparation of long term urban planning, clean tax administration of real estate, and reconsideration of efficiency about urban infrastructure investment.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2017

PURPOSES : This study intends to estimate the tangible benefits derived from the integration of operations of an Express Intercity Bus Terminal and a Highway Service Area. METHODS: For the study, a highway service area was chosen to function as a bus terminal, integrating its services with that of a nearby bus terminal plagued by operating losses. The exercise also helped improve mobility owing to the introduction of local buses between the terminals and utilization of the existing infrastructure such as rest areas. Thus, a terminal that was not being utilized for its intended functionality was integrated with an existing facility to improve the utilization of both and subsequently aid local development. The impact of the exercise was then measured by evaluating the variation in utilization efficiency, operating costs, travel time between two regions (Seoul-Jeomchon and Seoul-Geumsan), and the social costs before and after the integration of the two facilities. RESULTS :The impact of the integration was an increase in utilization efficiency, a decrease in operating cost, a decrease in travel time, and a decrease in social cost in both the regions. The benefits of improved utilization and cost saving can be passed on to the citizens in the form of discounts. A local power generation facility will eventually replace the bus terminal, which can revitalize the local economy. CONCLUSIONS :The integration of the highway service area with the bus terminal is expected to have a win-win effect on the passengers as well as the operators. The study also proposes a sustainable strategic plan for existing terminals and rest areas to implement a method to compete with KTX transportation.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2016

Electrical equipment in factories, buildings, etc. with the development of the industry has become a large capacity. By the development, electric load also become diversified and there is also highly functional requirements being electrical equipment. Particularly in the small and medium-sized circuit breakers, tend to preferentially consider the economy stands out and improvements in safety, ease of mounting and connection through the modularity of the basic dimensions compact and cost to block expansion of the scope of the development of capacity, etc. The product having a competitive has been strongly required. In order to implement the circuit breakers of breaking capacity and compact at the same time taking into account the economic development of this technology applied to the current-limiting mechanism is essential budget or the current limiting mechanism is currently available mechanisms applicable to small and medium-sized frame (frame) can not do it. In this paper, at the same time satisfying the economic efficiency, by minimizing the load force of the moving contactor (moving contactor) to be applied to small and medium frame other hand to secure the economical efficiency without using high speed contact parting acceleration of the moving contactor conventional current-limiting mechanism, and to develop a current-limiting mechanism that can be satisfied with the same or higher performance to meet the needs of the market.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.420-427
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• 2016

The marine equipment companies expanding facility investment in accordance with the booming economy are suffering from the reduced demand and the growth of chinese businesses. In this regard, the risk of overinvestment and the importance of prudent equipment investment must be reconsidered. Thus, in this study we performed a productivity and economical efficiency analysis in order to evaluate the investment value on production facilities in a company under the present conditions. The freezer of a fishing vessel manufactured by N company is selected as the subject of our study, while the assembly and welding cooling plates are configured as the scope of automation. Analysis on productivity and economical efficiency was conducted through CYCLONE (Cyclic Operation Network) simulation and economic analysis methods after analyzing the production process of freezer. The proposed analytical technique can be used to support the investment decision in production automation equipment of fishing vessels freezer.

• Clean Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 1996

Billions of tons of industrial waste are generated annually in industrialized countries. Managing and legally disposing of these wastes costs tens to hundreds of billions of dollars each year, and these costs have been increasing rapidly. The escalation is likely to continue as emission standards become even more stringent around the world. In the face of these rapidly rising costs and rapidly increasing performance standards, traditional end-of-pipe approaches to waste management have become less attractive. The most economical waste management alternatives in many cases have become recycling of the waste or the redesign of chemical processes and products so that wastes are prevented or put to productive use. These strategies of recycling or reducing waste at the source have collectively come to be known as pollution prevention. The engineering challenges associated with pollution prevention are substantial. This presentation will categorize the challenges in three levels. At the most macroscopic level, the flow of materials in our industrial economy, from natural resource extraction to consumer product disposal, can be redesigned. Currently, most of our raw materials are virgin natural resources that are used once, then discarded. Studies in what has come to be called industrial ecology examine the material efficiency of large-scale industrial systems and attempt to improve that efficiency. A second level of engineering challenges is found at the scale of individual industrial facilities, where chemical processes and products can be redesigned so that waste is reduced. Finally, on a molecular level, chemical synthesis pathways, combustion reaction pathways, and other material fabrication procedures can be redesigned to reduce emissions of pollution and unwanted by-products. All of these design activities, shown in Figure 1, have the potential to prevent pollution. All involve the tools of engineering, and in particular, chemical engineering.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.1-19
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to do an in-depth examination of Korean women in their 30's on the characteristics of their online fashion shopping, clothes-wearing, and presentation. In-depth interview and quantitative analysis were conducted as study methods. Results of this in-depth analysis showed that the factor with the most significant influence in their lifestyle was "childbirth." Childbirth was a major factor during fashion shopping and clothes-wearing. Also the results showed that the reason they used online shopping was for convenience, efficiency, rationality, pursuit of information, variety, and hedonism. In particular, women in their 30's had a higher motivation for efficiency and rationality compared to those in their 20's, and of those women, married working women showed the highest preference for fashion soho malls. Meanwhile, full-time homemakers, who pursued rationality, used open markets to search for fashion items based on price. Furthermore, the factors that women in their 30's considered during online shopping were price, design, purpose or situation for wearing the clothing, respectively. Compared to the women in their 20's, they emphasized recommendation, product properties, credibility, economy more than women in their 20's. Factors such as marriage and childbirth were more influential than occupation. Meanwhile, the factors that women in their 30's considered for wearing and presentation were time, place, and occasion(TPO), which all showed high importance in in-depth interview and quantitative analysis. Other factors were 'suitable image to self' and 'covering up body figure.'

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.69-75
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• 2021

Fuel economy has always been a major issue for the automotive industry due to environmental concerns. In particular, it is known that only 5-20% of the energy generated in a car that mainly uses an internal combustion engine is converted to increase fuel efficiency, many methods have been proposed. Among these methods, weight reduction is most commonly used because it is the simplest and cheapest. Weight is always the main reason for energy consumption, therefore, reducing weight is the best way to increase fuel efficiency while simultaneously saving on material costs. To reduce the weight of a compressor, material substitution is used. However, aluminum (a lighter metal substitute) is more fragile than steel, therefore, structural stability must be verified through testing. In this paper, we performed a 3D analysis to investigate whether aluminum can be used without compromising structural stability. Our investigation included static analysis and thermal analysis. As a result, we found that an aluminum swash plate can be safely applied on a shaft instead of steel; it reduces weight while maintaining stability that is equal to or better than steel.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.250-260
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• 2022

Mobile Banking Applications (MBAPs) is one of the recent fads in mobile trading applications (Apps). MBAPs permit users to execute exchanges of money and many more whenever it might suit them; however, the primary issue for mobile banking Apps is usability. Hardly any investigation analyzes usability issues dependent on user's age, gender, exchanging accomplices, or experience. The purpose of this study is to determine the degree of usability issues, and experience of mobile banking users. The survey employs a quantitative method and performs user experiment on 240 participants with six different tasks on the application's interface. The post experiment survey is done with concerning participants. On the other hand, banking experts and Information Technology (IT) expert's group is also involved after the experiment. Expert's opinions about existing mobile banking Apps and suggestions for improving usability of MBAPs are collected through physical means (like questionnaire and interview) and online means like Google form. After that comparison of the opinions of users and experts about MBAPs is performed. The experimentation measures the tasks usability of various mobile banking apps with respect to its effectiveness, efficiency, trustfulness, learnability, memorability and satisfaction. The usability testing was led at different Universities and the outcomes acquired show that there are privacy and trust issues with their mobile banking apps. There is also a gap between users and experts which should be minimized by applying customized usability models, modes concept like other application software and also by adding complete features of banking in MBAPs. It will benefit mobile banking apps users, developers and usability engineers by providing user-friendly which are up to the mark of user's requirements.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2022

This paper proposes a power system that includes a 120k W fuel cell DC-DC converter (FDC) and 30 kW bidirectional DC-DC converter (BHDC) for a 150 kW fuel-cell vehicle. With a high DC link voltage of 800 V, the efficiency and power density of the power electronic components are improved. Through the modular design of FDC and BHDC, electric components are shared, resulting in reduced mass production costs. The switching frequency of 30 kHz of full SiC devices and optimal design of coupled inductor reduce the volume, achieving a power density of 8.3 kW/L. Furthermore, a synergetic operation strategy using variable limiter control of FDC and BHDC was proposed to efficiently operate the fuel cell vehicle considering the fuel cell stack efficiency according to the load. Finally, the performance of the prototype was verified by Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule testing, EMI test, and the linked operation between FDC and BHDC. The full load efficiencies of the FDC and BHDC prototypes are 98.47% and 98.74%, respectively.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2022

Purpose - The objective of this study is to investigate what motivates global FDI inflows in the different economic development level and to clarify the FDI motivation type in the level of qualitative economic growth. Design/methodology/approach - Major macroscopic social·economic factors induced FDI inflows were analyzed using fixed-effect panel regression with 30-year panel data of 28 countries from 1985 to 2014. For analysis in the stage of economic growth, two category of developed and developing countries was used. And to analyze FDI motivation type in the level of qualitative economic growth, 4 shares of GDP; consumption·government·investment expenditure and export, was used as explanatory variable. Findings - In developed country, TFP(total factor productivity) and GDP have a great influence on FDI inflows, and consumption and labor compensation have a slight effect. This result indicates that the market seeking-driven, horizontal type investment is shown along with efficiency seeking investment. In developing country, human capital and TFP is shown to have greater impact on FDI inflows and labor compensation, exports, investment and government expenditures also have impacts. Thus it has confirmed that not only efficiency-seeking vertical investment for using low cost well educated laborer, but also government-driven economic growth and export policies could affect the FDI inflows. Research implications or Originality - The FDI investment decision making of multinational companies is decided by their own purpose. But, in the concept of as follows; 1) FDI is a long-term capital flowing for maximization of economic utility with limited global resource, 2) Thus FDI could be affected by macro socio·economic factors of host country. 3) Also such macro factors is different by each economic growth qualitative level. Therefore macro socio·economic factors of each country could be affected by the qualitative level of their own economic growth. To attract FDI inflows, it is desirable to implement differentiated incentive policies in the qualitative level of economic growth. Furthermore in developing countries it is recommended to implement government driven economic growth policies as follows; fostering well educated human resources, improving technology productivity in the relative lower cost labor market compared to developed countries and boosting international export volume.