• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.44 no.11
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the use and satisfaction on cosmetics of middle- and old-aged women with well-being pursuit disposition. A survey was conducted from January 20 to February 10 in 2006. The statistical analysis methods used to analyze the 393 middle- and old- aged female subjects were frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, crosstab, and multiple regression analysis. First, middle- and old-aged women were using functional cosmetics for wrinkle and whitening as well as skin lotion, moisture lotion and nutritive cream. They applied basic skin make-up only or partial make-up on the eyes and lips. Second, the well-being pursuit disposition factors were determined to be eco-friendly pursuit disposition, economical pursuit disposition, and health pursuit disposition. The well-being pursuit disposition factors had an effect on satisfaction of basic cosmetics. While the economical pursuit disposition factor had an effect on satisfaction of colored cosmetics. Third, the clusters from well-being pursuit disposition were determined to be wellbeing unconcerned group, eco-friendly concerned group, economical concerned group, and health concerned group. The proportion of subjects applying basic and colored cosmetics was high in health concerned group.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.163-166
• /
• 2003

Hull form designers have to design a ship with satisfying an economical, technical and environmental demand. When it is concerned by a technical and environmental demand, there will be a economical demand left to criticize optimization. In this case, there were used to be requirements which needs to meet only a best performance not concerning about input of Human resource. Life cycle's cost contains building cost and operation cost so that now we need to check Man Hour cost in building a ship. This research shows a correlation between hull form information, i.e. curvature, length, breadth and thickness of surface and Man Hour of the Shell plating manufacture with using Artificial Neural Network and Gentic Programming. This study will support to classify initial work, to have a high assumption possible through predicting a Man Hour and to provide a guide book to infer a building cost and a economical optimization hull form.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.58 no.4
• /
• pp.671-678
• /
• 2009

This paper presents target operation voltage guidelines of each voltage control area considering both voltage stability and economical efficiency in real power system. EMS(Energy Management System) data, Real-time simulator, shows not only voltage level but lots of information about real power system. Also this paper performs optimal power flow calculation of three objective functions to propose the best target operation voltage. objective function of interchange power flow maximum and active power loss minimization stand for economical efficiency index and reactive power reserve maximum objective unction represents stability index. Then through simulation result using optimazation technique, the most effective objective function is chosen. To sum up, this paper divides voltage control area into twelve considering electric distance characteristics and estimate or voltage level by the passage of time of EMS peak data. And through optimization technique target operation voltage of each voltage control area is estimated and compare heir result. Then it is proposed that the best scenario to keep up voltage stability and maximize economical efficiency in real power system.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.64 no.2
• /
• pp.222-227
• /
• 2015

This paper presents the optimal energy generation systems for economical EVs(Electric Vehicles) charging stations located in an island area. The system includes grid electricity, diesel generator and renewable energy sources of wind turbines and PV(Photovoltaic) panels. The independent generation system is designed with data resources such as annual average wind speed, solar radiation and the grid electricity price by calculating system cost under different structures. This sensitive analysis on the varying data resources allows for the configuration of the most economical generation system for charging stations by comparing initial capital, operating cost, NPC(Net Present Cost) and COE(Cost of Energy). Depending on the increase of the grid cost, the NPC variation of the most economical system which includes renewable energy generations and grid electricity can be smaller than those of other generation systems.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2006.04a
• /
• pp.1001-1008
• /
• 2006

The main objective of this paper is to compare economical effectiveness of typical methods for checking stability in principal components of steel cable-stayed bridges. Elastic and inelastic buckling analyses are carried out for frame-like numerical models of cable-stayed bridges. The axial-flexural interaction equations prescribed in AASHTO Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) are used in order to check the stability of principal components. Parametric studies are performed for numerical models which have the center span length of 300m, 600m, 900m and l200m with different girder depths. Peak values of the interaction equations are calculated at the intersection point between girders and towers. These peak values are considered as a major factor to design of principal components of cable-stayed bridges. As a result, more economical design for girders and towers can be feasible using the inelastic buckling analysis. In addition, LRFD codes are more economical about 20% on the average than ASD codes for all numerical models of cable-stayed bridges.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.775-783
• /
• 2010

The Yong-san rolling stock depot in which KORAIL does the maintenance of PP was required to move to the other place, so there are some disputes how to treat PP rolling stock, that is, early scraping, extending life-span or introduction of intercity EMU, but introducing a new train are very expensive and also very risky, so executed economical analysis for the precision political decision. For the specific analysis, set some scenario, first uses PP to their life span, second, introduces new intercity EMU, third, extends the life-span of PP by rolling stock precision diagnosis. Largely, maintenance cost, operation cost, rolling stock value are used for the economical analysis. This research is the specific case of KORAIL, but this result can be a valuable data in the perspective of operation cost between diesel rolling stock and electric rolling stock.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.107-125
• /
• 1985

This paper investigated adult's consciousness with a view to establishing basic data about set-up any concrete plan and provision for elderly life in hoe and society. In this paper, the study of concerned reference and social survey by questionnaire are used. The data is obtained from 326 espondents who are 30 to 4 years old in Seoul and Andong. As to consciousness to the provision for elderly life and situation of set-up any concrete plan, the x2(chi-square) is applied to the analysis of regional, socio-economical, demographic difference. The conclusion of this study are as follows; 1) Although the respondents show positive attitude toward consciousness to the provision for elderly. life, their behavior does not show any sing of translating it into reality. 2) The consciousness to the provision for elderly life varies according to regional, socio-economical, demographic variance. Those who are in their 30's more-educated, and high-income want to be more independent from their children and express strong desire to set-up provision for elderly life in advance. This is also true of those living in city. As a results, as adults(30-54) recognize the importance of provision for elderly life, so the support by the society or governmental policy for the solution of better-life for old people is important. however, mental , physical, economical preparation in family life according to the family life cycle can basic solution.

• Advances in Automotive Engineering
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.143-152
• /
• 2018

In this study an economical image stitching algorithm for use in automotive industry is developed for retrofittable panoramic image assistance applications. The aim of this project is to develop a driving assistance system known as Panoramic Parking Assistance (PPA) which is cheap, retrofittable and compatible for every type of automobiles. PPA generates bird's eye view image using cameras installed on the automobiles. Image stitching requires to get bird's eye view position of the vehicle. Panoramic images are wide area images that cannot be available by taking one shot, attained by stitching the overlapping areas. To achieve correct stitching many algorithms are used. This study includes some type of these algorithms and presents a simple one that is economical and practical. Firstly, the mathematical model of a wide view of angle camera is provided. Then distorted image correction is performed. Stitching is implemented by using the SIFT and SURF algorithms. It has been seen that using such algorithms requires complex image processing knowledge and implementation of high quality digital processors, which would be impracticle and costly for automobile use. Thus a simpler algorithm has been developed to decrase the complexity. The proposed algorithm uses one matching point for every couple of images and has ease of use and does not need high power processors. To show the efficiency, images coming from four distinct cameras are stitched by using the algorithm developed for the study and usability for automotive application is analyzed.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.51-66
• /
• 1984

The cost percentage of engine part in the total building cost of a ship is about 30-40% and the main engine occupies about 50% of the engine part cost. For certain ships the fuel bill can be as high as about 60-70% of the total operating cost after two oil shocks and its amount for one year is nearly equivalent to her main engine price. This fact has further increased the pressure on the engine builders to develop engines of higher efficiency and better possibilities to burn further deteriorated fuel qualities. But the energy-saving plants are ordinarily more expensive and their available amount of exhaust gas energy is less and therefore, they are not always profitable and optimum systems. This paper is prepared to decide the most economical and efficient engine systems by presenting reasonable selecting and economical evaluation methods of the main engine, which is the largest single unit and the most expensive, and its auxiliaries. In order to demonstrate the application of investigated methods in a practical case, a 46, 000 DWT class bulk carrier is selected as a model ship and her main engine and its auxiliaries are selected and evaluated. The result shows that the optimum determined has one year three months POP, 0.903 IRR at a year, 4, 116, 000 dollars PW in 15 years (for 5% escalation rate of fuel cost) and 9.522 BCR for same condition, when the engine plant of a same existing ship is taken as the basis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.33
• /
• pp.201-215
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual state and problems of outlet stores. And examine store attributes shopping orientations information sources according to demographic characteristics for outlet store patronage group. The questionnaires were administered to 400 women living in Taegu. The data were analyzed by using Frequency Percentage Factor Analysis MANOVA. The results of the study were as follows; 1) Outlet stores in Taegu area were run as the type of agency and dealt in most brands of their own companies, There were plenty of as-sortment and merchandise. The discount rate was 50-60% Stores' locations were scattered which made shopping environment incon-venient. 2) The store attributes were composed of five factors such as fashion & products diver-sity service store reputation convenience and price. Shopping orientation were com-posed of six factors such as self-confidence for shopping brand oriented store loyalty & near-store oriented economical self-assumed shopping and difficulty of choice. Information sources were composed of four factors such as print media & display personal information advertising and store visit. 3) There were significant differences be-tween patronage group and non-patronage group in store reputation service fashion & products diversity. Patronage group is more satisfied with these three factors. There were significant differences between patronage group and non-patronage group in brand oriented and economical Non-patronage group was more brand oriented and patronage group was more economical. There were significant difference between patronage group and non-patronage group in print dedia & display factos. Non-patronage group made more use of print media& display than patronage group as information sources. There were significant differences between patronage group non-patrpnage group in age marital status and levle of education.