• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.53-57
• /
• 2013

Several different depreciation systems may be used for group depreciation. The vintage group procedure treats the same type of property placed in service during the same year as a distinct group for depreciation purposes; therefore an estimate of the probable average service life and net salvage ratio(s) of each individual vintage is necessary. The vintage group procedure calculates an accrual rate for each vintage and the accrual rate for an account for specific calendar year is the weighted average vintage accrual rate for that calendar year. A further refinement would be to divide each vintage into groups such that all of the dollars in a group have the same estimated life-an equal life group (ELG). Then each ELG is depreciated over its estimated life. The effect is to recover each dollar over the estimated number of years it is in service. Each vintage is divided into several equal life groups (ELGs) such that all the property in a specific ELG has the same estimated life. The accrual rate for each ELG is based on the estimated life of that ELG. The vintage accrual rate for a specific year is the weighted average ELG accrual rate for that calendar year. In this paper, we illustrate the calculations of vintage accrual rates for each of the calendar years by the ELG depreciation systems.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.143-166
• /
• 2012

This paper deals in depth with airline over-booking practices and legal questions therefrom in the light of public interests. Chapter I as an introduction gives clear ideas of what are the over-booking, fact-revealing current state of denied boarding and nature of the problems inherent but veiled in those practices. In Chapter II, it is reviewed whether legal instruments for DBC(Denied Boarding Compensation) are adequately equipped for airline passengers in R. O. K. Upon the results of the review that international law to which Korea is a party, domestic law and administrative preparedness for the DBC are either null or virtually ineffective, the Chapter by contrast illustrates how well the U. S. and the E. U. safeguard civil rights of their passengers from such an 'institutionalized fraud' as the over-booking. In Chapter III on which a main emphasis lies, it is examined whether the over-booking practice constitutes a criminal offense: Fraud. In section 1, the author identifies actus reus and mens rea required for fraud then compares those with every aspect of the over-booking. In conjunction with the structural element analysis, he reviews the Supreme Court's precedents that lead the section into a partial conclusion that the act of over-booking judicially constitutes a crime of fraud. Despite the fulfillment of drawing up an intended answer, the author furthers the topic in section 2 by arguing a dominant view from Korean academia taking opposite stance to the Supreme Court. The commentators assert, "To consummate a crime of fraud, there must be property damage of the victim." For this notion correlates with a debate on legally protected interest in criminalization of fraud, the section 2 shows an argument over 'Rechtgut' matters specific to fraud. The view claims that the Rechtgut comes down rather to 'right to property' than 'transactional integrity' or 'fair and equitable principles'. However, the section concludes that the later values shall be deemed as 'freedom in economic decision-making' which are the benefit and protection of the penal law about fraud. Section 3 demonstrates the self-contradiction of the view as it is proved by a conceptual analysis that the infringement on freedom in economic decision-making boils down to the 'property damage'. Such a notion is better grounded in section 4 by foreign court decisions and legislation in its favour. Therefore, this paper concludes that the airline's act of over-booking is very likely to constitute fraud in both theory and practice.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
• /
• no.35
• /
• pp.221-251
• /
• 2017

This study attempts to examine the problem of properties mentioned in Shin Jae hyo's adapted version of Baktaryeong through the property related behavior of the characters, and discuss Shin Jae hyo's view of properties and his contemporary perception problems. As a result, in Baktaryeong, Nolbu takes the shape of a rich farmer in the existing text with grain centered accumulated properties, and of a wealthy man who is skilled in money management and growth as an economically well-informed person. In contrast, Heungbu is a poor peasant isolated from his own farm without enough property to minimally survive, representing the alienated poor who can not adapt to the currency economy led by the Nolbu people. This adaptation could have been a product of Shin Jae hyo's own view of property. Through the detailed description of Baktaryeong, it can be seen that he found it difficult to observe too much, but he thought that interest in property and money seemed basically to be affirmed in human life. In addition, in terms of issues of the poor, he found that the economic efforts of the lower classes and the care of the rich should be needed for the poor. However, he was forced to put the sense of crisis and the self defense consciousness as a wealthy family of middle class in the local society under the rapidly changing circumstances of the time into the text. That is, Baktaryeong included his own diagnosis of the present reality by drawing the issue of wealth and poverty in existing Heungboga(jeon), which is perhaps more appropriate for reality based on Shin Jae hyo's own view of properties.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.8C no.5
• /
• pp.615-620
• /
• 2001

This paper is a study on the model that measures economic values for the non-market properties of Electronic Commerce(EC). For development of this model, first of all, we reviewed the properties of EC service, and looked around the relation between customer satisfaction and/or payment value and EC properties. In addition, we checked the method to measure economic values of these properties. This measurement method is the contingent valuation method which is a method of measuring the value of the environmental product. We modified it to adapt to the EC. Finally, in this paper, we proposed an economic value model which measures the value of willingness to pay(WTP) to our objectives. However, there could be some restrictions at the time when surveying empirically. Therefore, the succeeding study should be done in order to improve these restrictions some day.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.498-506
• /
• 2018

Considering that firms' view on R&D activities may differ depending on the economic situation, in this paper, R&D policies that significantly affect the business performance are identified. The analysis is conducted by dividing the analysis time-frame into before and after the economic recession. In addition, we analyze by considering the type of industry, the proportion of R&D investment, and the type of government support policy that the companies participate in. According to the results of the empirical analysis, the provision of global market and technology information is recognized to give a significant impact on business performance for both before and after the economic recession. It is shown that recognizing the importance of 'supporting self-technology development', 'enhancing technical cooperation with foreign countries', and 'enhancing the contract and intellectual property protection system' that had significant effects before the recession did not significantly affect the business performance after the recession. The analysis results could give meaningful implications to the government for deciding which R&D activities should be supported.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.163-176
• /
• 2013

This paper investigates housing defects and housing satisfaction of the aged according to the personal characteristics and their housing environment. Personal interview was made on the 280 senior persons living in Jeonbuk area. Research results are following. Low levels were found in education, self privately-owned property, monthly income. Most of them live in a detached house that is outdated and obsolete. The facility defects of housing were the most serious level in case of the female senior citizen who lives alone. Their house aging was old but had the high deviation among households. Main influencing factors on facility defects of housing were perceived economic status and ownership of house, the next was age of the aged. Main influencing factors on the housing satisfaction were perceived economic status. Housing satisfaction was higher, the better economic level of the aged was, male than female, the less the age was, in case of hot-water usage in bathroom, owner of houses, no difference in floor level, larger storage space of kitchen was. According to the empirical results, we propose the supporting policy of hosing safety for the aged in order to reduce the risk and social cost. Especially the rate of population aging, the aged household, and the detached houses are higher in Jeonbuk rural areas than the other area. Housing facility defects of the elder who lives alone and house aging of theirs are serious level. Local government should have supporting system that considers local difference and characteristics of the aged housing.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.197-208
• /
• 2020

This study attempts to identify the structure of class conflict in Korea and to suggest an alternative framework for a empathetic society. The objective and subjective level of satisfaction with life and class consciousness are in direct proportion, and status consistency signifies polarization. Distorted distribution structures and cultural values make income disparity and property disputes widen, which in turn lead to educational divides and status fixations, refracting or blocking the possibility of social mobility. By overcoming the COVID-19 crisis, it is not appropriate to go back to the past but to correct wrong consciousness and practices in the past, and the consistency between the state and members of society must be re-established. Through the process of innovation at the economic, global, and digital level, a major transformation is required in the new normal era, which prioritizes social development for human values. The conflict resolution depends on the solidarity of the community as a social foundation, since an empathetic society needs the trust and communication of the members of the society.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.275-282
• /
• 2009

Objectives : This study aimed to verify the association between wealth or income level and health status after adjusting for other socio-economic position (SEP) indicators among Korean adults aged 45 and over. Methods : Data were obtained from the 1st wave of Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (households: 6,171, persons: 10,254). We used self-rated health status and activities of daily living (ADLs) as dependent variables. Explanatory variables included both net wealth measured by savings, immovables, the other valuated assets and total income including pay, transfer, property and so on. Binary logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationships. Also, in order to determine the relative health inequality across economic groups, we estimated the relative index of inequality (RII). Results : The inequality of health status was evident among various wealth and income groups. The wealthiest group (5th quintile) was much healthier than the poorest group, and this differential increased with age. Likewise, higher income was associated with better health status among the elderly. However, these effects, as measured by the odds ratio and RII, showed that wealth was more important in determining health status of elderly people. Conclusions : This study suggests that economic capability plays a significant role in determining the health status and other health-related problems among the elderly. Particularly, our results show that health status of the aged is related more closely to the individual s wealth than income.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2016

Product liability (PL), which began enforcement in 2002, refers to the legal responsibility of the manufacturers or sellers (wholesales or retailers) for the property damage or bodily harm caused by their product. With a strong enforcement of the Product Liability (PL) Act, companies are required to structure and operate a response system to defend or prevent product accidents efficiently, but small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are unable to respond more aggressively due to limitation of management resources. In this manner, it is important to develop response strategies for SMEs to efficiently cope with the PL Act. In this paper, the PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) analysis is performed to reveal the impact of the PL Act on SMEs in macro-economic point of view. To formulate SME's PL response strategy, SWOT analysis is performed to categorize each factors from PEST analysis and AHP is applied to identify the intensities of SWOT factors. The prioritized SWOT factor, results of PEST-SWOT-AHP analysis, are used to formulate SME's PL response strategies. The study results are briefly summarized as follows. To reduce product defects, it is necessary for SMEs to formulate PL response strategies for each phase of the product life cycle by continuously collecting and analyzing PL cases in the same industry or for similar products. In addition, SMEs should invest more technological effort to ensure product safety. Further, SMEs should spread PL awareness to all staff members by training internal PL experts. Moreover, a SME should enroll in PL insurance and spread this information to its customers so that they become aware that the company is proactively conforming to the PL law.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.255-268
• /
• 2014

We are now currently facing serious climate changes such as super typhoon, flood, intense heat, severe cold, super hurricane, drought, desertification, destruction of ecosystem, marine pollution, reduction of food production, destruction of tropical forests, exhaustion of water resources, climate refugees, etc. All of the above mainly derive from greenhouse gas exhaustion. Such harmful consequence might directly affect mankind's sustainable development. If we keep using resources that emits greenhouse gases, the global temperature will rise about $3.2^{\circ}C$ by year 2050. In case of $3^{\circ}C$ rise in temperature, it will result in abnormal climate which will bring about severe property damage. Moreover, 20~50% of the ecosystem will become extinct. As Korea's economy increasingly expands, so do our energy consumption rises. And because of the consequences that can be driven by increasing rate of resource use, not just Korea itself, but also the whole world should seriously concern about greenhouse gases. Although agricultural division only takes up about 3.2% of total greenhouse gas emission, the ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs are taking voluntary actions to gradually reduce $CO_2$ and so does each and every related organizations. In order to reduce $CO_2$, introduction of new and renewable energy in farm house warming is crucial. In other words, implementing wood-pellet boiler and geothermal heat boiler can largly reduce $CO_2$ emission compared to diesel boiler. More importantly, not only wood-pellet and geothermal heat is pollution-free but they also have economic advantages some-what. In this thesis, the economic advantage and sustainablity will be introduced and proved through comparing practical analysis of surveyed farm house under structure employing wood-pellet boiler and geothermal heat boiler with Agriculture-Economic Statistic of 2012 who uses diesel boiler.