• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.55-76
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to investigate why the applicants for entrance to the science and engineering college are shrinking. We focus on the social situation of the science and engineering college graduates, more concretely, focus on the job stability, social position and the compensation in comparison with the non-science and engineering college graduate. We find that the science and engineering college graduates have the higher rate of separation from his job, the fewer opportunity of improving the social situation and the lower compensation throughout his life from the first job in comparison with the non-science and engineering college graduates. However, this study can not identify why the science and engineering college graduates receive the socially unkind treatment.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.258-265
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• 2003

In our study, we extracted the market, finance, and government factors determining R&D investment of individual firms in the IT industry in Korea. We collected the financial data of 515 individual firms belonging to IT and non-IT industries between 1980 and 1999 from the Korea Investors Service's database and investigated the empirical relationship between the factors using an ordinary regression model, a fixed effects model, and a random effects model. The main findings of our study are as follows: i) The Herfindahl Index variable representing the degree of market concentration is statistically insignificant in explaining R&D expenditures in the IT manufacturing industry. ii) Assets, which is used as a proxy variable for firm size, have a positive and statistically significant coefficient. These two results suggest that the Schumpeterian Hypothesis may be only partially applied to the IT manufacturing industry in Korea. iii) The dividend variable has a negative value and is statistically significant, indicating that a tendency of high dividends can restrict the internal cash flow for R&D investment. iv) The sales variable representing growth potential shows a positive coefficient. v) The subsidy as a proxy variable for governmental R&D promotion policies is positively correlated with R&D expenditure. This suggests that government policy has played a significant role in promoting R&D activities of IT firms in Korea since 1980. vi) Using a dummy variable, we verified that firms reduced their R&D investments to secure sufficient liquidity under the restructuring pressure during Korea's 1998 and 1999 economic crisis.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.1-19
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• 2001

The purpose of this study are (1) to examine the types and the after-school child care for children from low-income(106) and middle-income(99) families and (2) to examine the needs and expectations for after-school child care program of low-income(107) and middle-income(100) mothers. The findings of this study are as follows ; (1) The percentage of self-care among children from low-income families are higher than the children from middle-income families. The after-school activities mainly consist of arts, music, physical and computer lessons. (2) The needs on the after-school care program with non-profit basis which is managed by public welfare systems are higher among the low-income mothers than the middle-income mothers. Many mothers want professional, non-profit, systematic and formal after-school care programs. Some suggestions are proposed for after-school care program which can meet needs of the children and the mothers from diverse economic and social backgrounds.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1163-1192
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• 2016

This paper presents the cost optimization of a composite I beam floor system, designed to be made from a reinforced concrete slab and steel I sections. The optimization was performed by the mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) approach. For this purpose, a number of different optimization models were developed that enable different design possibilities such as welded or standard steel I sections, plastic or elastic cross-section resistances, and different positions of the neutral axes. An accurate economic objective function of the self-manufacturing costs was developed and subjected to design, resistance and deflection (in)equality constraints. Dimensioning constraints were defined in accordance with Eurocode 4. The Modified Outer-Approximation/Equality-Relaxation (OA/ER) algorithm was applied together with a two-phase MINLP strategy. A numerical example of the optimization of a composite I beam floor system, as presented at the end of this paper, demonstrates the applicability of the proposed approach. The optimal result includes the minimal produced costs of the structure, the optimal concrete and steel strengths, and dimensions.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 2016

In response to drastic environmental changes, companies have been continuously rebalancing their resources and capabilities to sustain their competitive status or to survive difficult times. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of sudden environmental changes on the competitive status of a firm and to identify the internal factors that differentiate sustainer and non-sustainer groups. To achieve this goal, we selected 85 representative IT and non-IT companies from the S&P 500 companies and investigated them with respect to the change in their five-year competitive status since the 2008 global financial crisis. As a concrete performance measure, the concept of perceived competitive status (PCS) was introduced, and four distinct PCS categories were identified by using the stock price changes during the selected period. The four distinct PCS categories are "sustaining," "drifting," "deep sunken," and "bouncing back." Discriminant analysis was performed on these four distinct PCS categories. The empirical study conducted showed that revenue and cost efficiency are the most discriminating factors, especially in the economic recovery period. In particular, stronger financial liquidity was observed in high-performing "bouncing back" companies than in the other category companies.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.207-219
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of suicide attempts and non-attempts of the elderly living alone and the subjects in this study were 690 elderly persons living alone in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. For data analysis, this study used descriptive analysis, mean comparison correlation analysis, and binominal logistic regression analysis using PASW 20.0. To explain the suicide attempts of elderly persons who live alone, variables such as sex, age education level, monthly household income, religion, subjective economic status, subjective health status, ADL/IADL, depression, hopelessness, social support, and stress were used. The findings of the study were as follows: First, 9.2 percent(64) of the elderly living alone had attempted suicide and 90.8 percent(626) had never attempted suicide. Second, monthly household income, hopelessness, and social support were identified as the factors that affected their suicide attempts. In other words, the elderly living alone who had lower monthly household income, less social support, and greater feelings of hoprlessness had made more suicide attempts. As it is a cross-sectional research using data from non-probability sampling, this has a limitation in generality sampling, this has a limitation in generalizing the study results. To overcome this limitation, longitudinal research using data from probability sampling is necessary.

• Geosciences Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.955-973
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• 2018

Twenty-eight beach sand samples from the shorelines of Aegean islands adjacent to the plutonic rocks of the Atticocycladic zone were analyzed for major and rare earth element (REE) contents. Results are compared with the adjacent plutonic rocks, in order to determine relative enrichments or depletions and assess the potential for REE exploitation. Among the samples, several are significantly enriched in REE, being deposits of heavy minerals and their concentrations are controlled by the sea waves and local winds. These samples contain Th, U and REE rich minerals such as zircon, xenotime and allanite. The available geochemical characteristics were also used to confirm the parent rocks of the beach sands. The heavy fractions (total, total magnetic and total non-magnetic) of the beach sands are very well correlated with the Heavy REE (HREE) concentrations. Among the minerals of the heavy magnetic fraction, allanite seems to control the REE content in the heavy mineral-enriched samples, while from the heavy non-magnetic fraction, zircon controls mainly the HREE fraction. One site from Mykonos and 3 from Naxos could have potential for REE exploitation as they present the highest ${\Sigma}REE$ and HREE contents than other beach sand placers measured in Greece (Kavala, Sithonia, Maronia, Samothraki, NE Chalkidiki).

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.263-276
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• 2021

This study examines the effect of international capital flows on corporate capital structures in Vietnam by analyzing panel data from all non-financial listed firms from 2005 to 2014 using pooled ordinary least square (OLS) with a variance estimator. The analysis includes a comparison of the signs and significance of the variable coefficients from the perking order and static trade-off theories to the empirical results to determine the optimum approach to the corporate capital structure given Vietnam's high-inflation environment. The results indicate that international capital flows have a positive relation to the debt ratio in the long term, and the relationship is more robust for 2005-2009 than for 2010-2014. Corporate capital structures adjusted to changes in the business environment in different sub-periods (2005-2009 and 2010-2014). When the economic environment became more favorable, the pecking order theory's predictive power increased, and that of trade-off theory lessened. Manufacturing and non-manufacturing firms required different capital structure decisions to fuel their operations and grow under foreign competition. The analysis demonstrates that firms should intensify their use of long-term debt relative to the availability of capital, which is an implication not only for firms in particular but also for industrial innovation overall.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.409-417
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• 2022

This research uses a panel data set of selected developed and emerging economies to investigate the relationship between firm value and the Islamic label. A low-debt company is a proxy for excellent governance, and good governance has a significant positive impact on a company's valuation. We can claim that the Islamic label may also be a proxy for excellent governance and will significantly impact a company's economic value because it reflects low debt Sharia-compliant companies. To explore this relationship, cross-country data from non-financial enterprises in Pakistan, the United States, Malaysia, and Indonesia was acquired from 2010 to 2015. The study's findings indicate that the Islamic label has a positive significant impact on the firm's worth in the whole sample, including all countries. With the exception of the United States, we have also collected the same information at the country level. We also discovered that the corporate governance index at the firm level has a positive significant impact on firm value. The findings show that the Islamic label reflects good governance and hence can be used as a proxy for good governance. The analysis differentiates between Islamic labeled and conventional enterprises in developed and emerging nations, adding to our understanding of who contributes to enhanced corporate financial performance.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.67-75
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• 2014

In this study, the large-scale hydraulic model test was performed to investigate the hydraulic characteristics for development of the non-power soil cleaning and keeping system at the dike gate. The outlet height, outflow number, outflow discharge, and outflow cycle were compared and analyzed. The non-power soil cleaning and keeping system was most effective at 11.2 mm in the outlet height. And then the mean outflow cycle was 1.09 sec, and the mean outflow discharge was $0.00164m^3/s$. The total outflow number increased gradually as the water level of a water tank increased, and the outlet height decreased. As a level of water tank decreased, the mean outflow cycle was lengthened, and the unit outflow discharge increased. This result showed this system was most effective. To remove the silty clay deposited in facilities, the methods of excavation, dredging, high pressure washing, etc have been applied to the tidal facilities such as land reclamation, a small size fishing port, and a harbor for maintenance. However, this is extremely cost-ineffective, whereas the non-power soil cleaning and keeping system will bring about an enormously positive economic effect. In addition, when the non-power soil cleaning and keeping system is applied to the dike gate of land reclamation, a thorough examination of the local tidal data and the careful system planning are required to prevent the disaster damage caused by flooding.