• Wind and Structures
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-145
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• 2012

Severe wind is one of the major natural hazards in Australia. The component contributors to economic loss in Australia with regards to severe wind are tropical cyclones, thunderstorms and subtropical (synoptic) storms. Geoscience Australia's Risk and Impact Analysis Group (RIAG) is developing mathematical models to study a number of natural hazards including wind hazard. This paper discusses wind hazard under current and future climate conditions using RIAG's synoptic wind hazard model. This model can be used in non-cyclonic regions of Australia (Region A in the Australian-New Zealand Wind Loading Standard; AS/NZS 1170.2:2011) where the wind hazard is dominated by synoptic and thunderstorm gust winds.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.175-230
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• 2016

The controversies that have surrounded the negotiation of both the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) have underlined the difficulties arising out from the adoption of a truly common EU investment policy. Non-governmental organizations have called into question transparency and legitimacy of international investment arbitration during the negotiations. The article presents a reflection about current developments of the EU investment policy addressing, in particular, the criticisms towards the whole investor-to-State system and the EU's efforts in developing a "tailor-made" investment agreement and Investor-to-State Dispute resolution system. Along these lines, the article critically assesses the recently announced proposal for the establishment of an 'Investment Court System' put forward by the EU during the TTIP negotiations.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 2008

Female college consumers are orientated toward vanity and fashion luxury products in consumer society. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationship of vanity type and attitude toward fashion luxury products. The data were collected from 517 female college students in Ulsan, Pusan, and Kimhai. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and MCA were used. Results of cluster analysis identified the vanity type of the female college students into non-vanity group, positive viewer, and vanity group. Above two third of the total sample were the vanity group and the positive viewer. The non-vanity group, was comprised the smallest proportion of female college students. Attitude toward fashion luxury products was classified into four factors; involvement for fashion luxury, superiority of the fashion luxury, hedonic and conspicious consumption, and negative response. The attitude toward fashion luxury products was significantly different across the 3 vanity type. The results of this study provide insights into female college consumers' increasing demands toward fashion luxury brands. Consumer education should be implemented for the vanity group, and personal financial management education program is needed in liberal arts curriculum.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.112-122
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and profile distinct subgroups of patients with hypertension based on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding their medication and health lifestyle. Method: A descriptive-exploratory research design was employed. Two hundred and twenty-three patients with hypertension using W Public Health Center were randomly recruited on the basis of being over 30 of age. Upon the receipt of their written consents, direct interview with a structured questionnaire were conducted by a public health nurse. Descriptive statistics and $X^2-test$ were utilized. Results: Three subgroups were identified. Group I members had a low score on all three factors including knowledge, attitudes and behavior related to medication and health lifestyle. Group II members had a low score on one or two of the factors. Group III members had a high score on all three factors. The three subgroups were significantly associated with education level, economic status, non-smoking and non-drinking. Conclusions: Further research should be conducted to validate these findings and test tailored nursing intervention for patient compliance.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 2002

Induction of non-diapause eggs and manifestation of quantitative characters were studied in different seasons by low temperature incubation of eggs of a low yielding diapause with coloured cocoons silkworm breed, RDI of Bombyx mori. Hundred percent of nandiapause eggs were induced when the egg incubation was carried out at 15$^{\circ}C$ followed by incubation initially at $25^{\circ}C$ and then at $15^{\circ}C$. The diapause-nondia-pause relation was found to be reversible. Analysis of variance study demonstrated significant variation in all the quantitative characters whereas significant variation due to different incubation treatments was observed for larval span, fifth instar larval span, cocoon yield/10,000 larvae by weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, and cocoon shell ratio. study on hybrid vigour skewed significant heterosis over mid parent value for four economic characters viz., cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio and filament length in a Fl hybrid between RD1 with diapause eggs and Japanese type bivoltine $NB_{4} D_{2}$.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.95-105
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• 2021

A prerequisite of a sound financial system is effective channeling of financial resources to efficient users; hence maximizing economic and societal welfare. To that end, the prevalence of bad loans in banks in emerging economies is a major policy concern. In an attempt to add to the growing body of literature explaining the interrelationship between macroeconomic and firm-specific factors, and non-performing loans (NPL), this paper examines data from 24 scheduled commercial banks in Bangladesh from 2008 to 2019. Macroeconomic factors as well as firm-specific factors related to profitability, capital strength, and efficiency are considered. Panel data regression analysis is performed to estimate pooled OLS, fixed effects, and random effects models. Following the necessary testing, it was found that the fixed effects model with robust standard error is appropriate. Results show that return on assets and inflation have a negative influence on NPL, but GDP growth has a favorable impact. The paper concludes by asserting that the evidence supports similar findings from studies both in Bangladesh and elsewhere and it is noted that a combination of these macroeconomic and firm-specific factors explains only a small portion of the total variation in NPL.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.403-411
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• 2021

This paper discusses the relationship between debt literacy, peer-to-peer lending, and over-indebtedness in Indonesia. It is essential because the number of loans on this platform continues to increase, both legal and illegal. Data was collected online in collaboration with commercial market research firms, JajakPendapat.net. Debt literacy and over-indebtedness were measured by self-assessment with questions from Lusardi and Tufano (2009a). Questions for debt literacy are about interest compounding, debt interest, and the application of time value of money in payment options. The question for over-indebtedness is about the amount of debt and the conditions resulting from that debt. By using descriptive methods, it is clear that the majority of respondents, both borrowers and non-peer-to-peer lending borrowers are debt illiterate, and those who have poor debt literacy have huge debt. Overall, only 1.85% of the respondents were debt literate. Those who live on the island of Java have better literacy because they are the center of economic growth in Indonesia. Debt from peer-to-peer (P2P) lending also has the potential to create problems, namely over-indebtedness. P2P lending borrowers also have very poor debt literacy. However, there is no difference in debt literacy between P2P lending borrowers and non-P2P lending borrowers.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2021

With the development of information technology, the cybersecurity threat continues as digital-related technologies are applied to the instrumentation and control system of nuclear power plants. The malfunction of the instrumentation and control system can cause economic damage due to shutdown, and furthermore, it can lead to national disasters such as radioactive emissions, so countering cybersecurity threats is an important issue. In general, the study of cybersecurity in instrumentation and control systems is concentrated on safety systems, and diverse protection systems perform protection and reactor shutdown functions, leading to reactor shutdown or, in the worst case, non-stop situations. To accurately analyze cyber threats in the diverse protection system, its linked facilities should be analyzed together. Risk analysis should be conducted by analyzing the potential impact of inter-facility cyberattacks on related facilities and the impact of cybersecurity on each configuration module of the diverse protection system. In this paper, we analyze the linkage of the diverse protection system and discuss the cybersecurity linkage threat by analyzing the availability of equipment, the cyber threat impact of the linked equipment, and the configuration module's cybersecurity vulnerability.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.287-298
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• 2022

Indonesia is an agrarian country with the significant development of Shariah banking. This study aimed to estimate the effect of Third Party Funds (TPF), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Exchange Rates (ER), and Bank Indonesia Shariah Certificates (SBIS) on the Sharia Agriculture Sector Financing in Indonesia during 2014-2020. This study used the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique to analyze the data. The coefficient of determination test showed that 99.19% of Sharia financing in the agricultural sector was influenced by TPF, NPF, Exchange Rate, and SBIS variables. The estimation results showed that the variables of TPF and ER significantly affected Sharia Financing for Agricultural Sector (PP). Meanwhile, the NPF and SBIS variables had no significant effect on PP. This research showed the resilience and accuracy of Islamic banking in selecting financing and can support the development of other Islamic financial instruments such as SBIS. Simultaneous test results demonstrated the existence of the estimating model. Because of the character of the Indonesian nation as an agricultural country, this study advised Sharia banking to prioritize the usage of third-party funds from the public for the agricultural industry. Sharia banking also needed to produce Islamic finance products that fit the agriculture business sector's needs.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.125-145
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• 2011

The purposes of this study were to examine low-income households' financial statuses and the socio-economic characteristics of single-person and non-single person households according to the financial indexes used for evaluating financial security and growth status developed based on financial ratios. Using 2009 KLIPS(Korean Labor & Income Panel Survey) data collected by the Korean Labor Institute, the satisfaction levels from the indexes were analyzed and compared between the two household types. The results showed that 46.0% of single-person households were not satisfactory in terms of all financial growth indexes but were partially satisfactory in terms of all financial security indexes. These householders tended to be females and in the their 70s, who lived in Seoul or in a suburb of Seoul, Korea. They reported problems with a lack of financial growth possibilities. 47.0% of non-single person households were not satisfactory in terms of all financial growth indexes but were partially satisfactory in terms of all financial security indexes. These householders tended to be males in their 60s and 70s with no job who were living in Seoul or in a suburb of Seoul, Korea. They reported having low level of liquidity and high level of debt redemption. 42.6% of single-person households were not satisfactory in terms of both financial security and growth indexes partially. These householders tended to be females in their 20s or 70s who were living in rural areas. They reported problems related to an adverse balance between household income and expenditures and a large scale of debt. 43.1% of non-single households were not satisfactory in terms of both financial security and growth indexes partially. These householders tended to be males in their 60s or 70s and homeowners. They reported problem related to an adverse balance of household income and expenditures and high a level of housing expenditures and liquidity. The research findings have implication for policy makers considering financial support programs and welfare programs for low-income householders, considering the recent changes in households structures.