• Advances in Energy Research
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.121-146
• /
• 2016

This study is concerned with the analysis of two renewable technologies for electric energy production: wind energy and photovoltaic energy. The two technologies were assessed and compared by economic point of view, by using selected indicators characterized by a clear calculation approach, requirement of information easy to be collected, clear, but even complete, interpretation of results. The used economic indicators are Levelized Cost of Energy, $CO_2$ abatement cost and fossil fuel saving specific cost; these last two specifically aimed at evaluating the different capabilities that renewable technologies have to cut down direct $CO_2$ emissions and to avoid fossil fuel extraction. The two technologies were compared also from the environmental point of view by applying Life Cycle Assessment approach and using the environmental impact categories from the Eco-indicator'95 method. The economic analysis was developed by taking into account different energy system sizes and different geographic areas in order to compare different European conditions (Italy, Germany and Denmark) in term of renewable resource availability and market trend. The environmental analysis was developed comparing two particular types of PV and wind plants, respectively residential and micro-wind turbine, located in Italy. According to the three calculated economic indicators, the wind energy emerged as more favorable than PV energy. From the environmental point of view, both the technologies are able to provide savings for almost all the considered environmental impact categories. The proposed approach, based on the use of economic and environmental indicators may be useful in supporting the policies and the decision making procedures concerned with the promotion and use of renewables, in reference to the specific geographic, economic and temporal conditions.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.171-209
• /
• 2008

The Great Depression is one of the most important economic incidents in the twentieth century. A significant and long-lasting impact of this event is the rise of the government intervention to the economy. Under the catastrophic downturn of the economic condition worldwide, people required their government to play an active role for economic recovery, and this $mentalit{\acute{e}}$ prolonged even after the Second World War. Social science textbooks taught at Korean high schools mostly referred to the Great Depression for explaining the reason of government intervention in economy. However, the mainstream view commonly found in the textbooks provides a misleading theological interpretation. It argues that inherent flaws of the market economy causes over-production/under-consumption, and that this mismatch ends up with economic crisis. The chaotic situation was resolved by substitution of the governments for the market, and the New Deal was introduced as the monumental example ('laissez-faire economy ${\rightarrow}$over-production${\rightarrow}$the Great Depression${\rightarrow}$government intervention${\rightarrow}$economic recovery'). Based on economic historians' researches for past three decades, I argue that this mainstream view commits the fallacy of ex-post justification. Unlike what the mainstream view claims, the Great Depression was neither the result of the 'market failure', nor the recovery from the Great Depression but was due to successful government policies. For substantiating this claim, I suggest three points. First, blaming the weakness or instability of the market economy as the cause of the Great Depression is groundless. Unlike what the textbooks describe, the rise of the U.S. stock price during the 1920s cannot be said as a bubble, and there was no sign of under-consumption during the 1920s. On the contrary, a new consensus emerging from the 1980s among economic historians illustrates that the Great Depression was originated from 'the government failure' rather than from the 'market failure'. Policymakers of European countries tried to return to the gold standard regime before the First World War, but discrepancies between this policy and the reality made the world economy vulnerable. Second, the mainstream view identifies the New Deal as Keynesian interventionism and glorifies it for saving the U.S. economy from the crisis. However, this argument is not true. The New Deal was not Keynesian at all. What the U.S. government actually tried was not macroeconomic stabilization but price and quantity control. In addition, New Deal did not brought about economic recovery that people generally believe. Even after the New Deal, industrial production or employment level remained quite low until the late 1930s. Lastly, studies on individual New Deal policies show that they did not work as they were intended. For example, the National Industrial Recovery Act increased unemployment, and the Agricultural Adjustment Act expelled tenants from their land. Third, the mainstream view characterizes the economic order before the Great Depression as laissez-faire, and it tends to attribute all the vice during the Industrial Revolution era to the uncontrolled market economy. However, historical studies show that various economic and social problems of the Industrial Revolution period such as inequality problems, child labor, or environmental problems cannot be simply ascribed to the problems of the market economy. In conclusion, the remedy for all these problems in high school textbooks is not to use the Great Depression as an example showing the weakness of the market economy. The Great Depression should be introduced simply as a historical momentum that had initiated the growth of government intervention. This reform of high school textbooks is imperative for enhancing the right understanding of economy and history.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.96-110
• /
• 2000

There are some considerations that must take into account in environmental education in the aspect of the difference of value clarification between ecological and economic viewpoint on environment. Although we have a tendency to think that the differences are unavoidable because we are on the economy-oriented life, we should realize that such emphasis to economics comes from the differences between ecological and economic view point on environment. We have lived and thought on the basis of Economic view point, especially, environmental policies are established on the basis of economic efficiency. But this tendency has become great obstacles to environmental ethics education because it dilutes the reason of natural preservation and removes the fundamental reasons why the nature should be preserved. Therefore it is very difficult to balance the value clarification between economic and ecological viewpoint in actual life. Furthermore, environmental problems can not be solved only through economic approach, because of their limits to belief solving from providing incentives. It is very important to make people have a way of thinking which economic activities and debates can be made on the ecological resources. Therefore we can compare this relation to CHAE-YONG founded on Buddism and Chinese philosophy. CHAE means essence of every reaction in the cosmos, and YONG means the reaction itself. CHAE is regarded to ecological resources, and YONG is thought to every-day economic activities. YONG is not able to existwithout CHAE. If economic activities can be done on the basic limit of ecological resources, we can build suitable environment to living condition. We call this appropriate environment as SANG. In other words, the connection of CHAE-YONG-SANG means ecological resources - economic activities - sustainable environment. It is realized that the relations between economics and ecology should be equalized for the balanced environmental ethics education. This study tries to get out of unbalanced relations between economics and ecology from the persepectives of CHAE-YONG-SANG and it was done to suggest an alternative environmental ethics education program

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.451-461
• /
• 2008

In this study, factor and cluster analysis have been conducted to group the differences in Korean view on national economic policy in the sample of the 2006 Korean General Social Survey (KGSS). According to the 2006 KGSS, the 6 items with a 5-point Likert scale include the questions about whether or the extent to which each respondent supports the specific types of governmental economic policy. In our study, at first, the factor analysis has converted the original 6 items into the 3 composite variables that account for 81% in the total variability. As the second step of factor analysis, factor scores have been computed. Then, the K-means cluster analysis based on the factor scores has been conducted to group the survey respondents into the 3 clusters. In particular, the cross-tabulation analysis has shown that the distribution of the 3 clusters varies with the respondents' socio-demographic characteristics.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.27
• /
• pp.29-65
• /
• 2005

Northeast Asian economies have achieved high levels of growth due to a stable economic environments and economic policy reforms for free trade. As Northeast Asia has been risen as big bloc in the world and in the future in case free trade agreement could be concluded, trade volume could be increased dramatically. And it is evident that disputes will be increased in Northeast Asian economic bloc. Arbitration must be popular in resolving international commercial disputes in Northeast Asian bloc in order to increase the volume of intra-trade in the bloc. Through arbitration, the parties can have full autonomy and can resolve disputes independently, impartially and without delay. But in order for the parties to make use of arbitration in the bloc, they must be fully aware of the arbitration laws of Northeast Asian nations in view of the similarity and difference of the laws. Therefore, this paper deals with arbitral award in Northeast Asian Nations' arbitration laws in view of comparative law.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
• /
• 1990.04a
• /
• pp.335-343
• /
• 1990

The traditional economic evaluation methods do not seem to consider derivative efforts-productivity improvement, quality improvement.-which may be occured by AMS introduction. Current evaluation methods are based on mass production with known characteristic and stable technology. Recently, expert suggest that these assumption-stable production and mass production-are realized to be a limited in substantial economic evaluation analysis. Therefore, the problem of traditional evaluation methods suggested in this thesis and decision in the case studies are derived using two complementary economic analysis methods-AHP method, modified economic evaluation model- and traditional evaluation method. After three methods are compared and evaluated in the view of practical economic evaluation, AHP method is intended to be introduced as a new economic evaluation method.

• Analyses & Alternatives
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.39-70
• /
• 2020

This paper examines the changing roles of ownership in the economic growth by using a panel data set of 30 provinces in China for the period (1999-2010). With the use of absolute and relative presence variables, this study shows that private enterprises have emerged as the engine of economic growth in China in the later period (2005-2010). The growing size and number of private enterprises are positively linked to growth. However, though foreign-invested enterprises have been acclaimed as the main contributors to economic growth in China, they have minimal effect on the economic growth in the later period. State-owned enterprises have a significant and negative effect on the economic growth in the later period. The results can be interpreted that the engine of growth in China has been changed over time from other ownerships to private ownership. Private companies have developed a lot in every respect and started to lead the economy for long-run growth. China initiated its economic growth by adopting foreign capital and it is still the top destination for foreign direct investment among developing countries. However, to sustain the growth over a long period, private sector should be of great importance and perform a key role in the view of catch-up economics.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
• /
• v.4A no.1
• /
• pp.6-10
• /
• 2004

This paper presents an assessment of the customer interruption costs using a macro economic methodology of Korean customers by cities and provinces. The customer interruption cost is considered a very useful index in quantifying reliability worth from a customer point of view. This paper reviews the methodology to evaluate the customer interruption costs and ratio to the average revenues per electric energy sold for public, service agriculture, fishery, mining, manufacturing and residential sectors by cities and provinces in Korea.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2020

This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study that analyzed the effect of quality of life on marriage views in college students. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between quality of life and marriage view. The study targets were 195 male and female university students aged between 20 and 25. The data collection was done only by those who voluntarily agreed to the study using online questionnaires, and the data collection period was from October 1 to October 30, 2020. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 for frequency analysis, χ2 analysis, Pearson correction, t-test, and simple regression analysis. The result of the study that men had higher conservative marriage view (M=3.22, SD=.716) than women (M=2.21, SD=.903, p<0.01), women had higher active marriages (M=3.94, SD=.955) than men (M=3.41, SD=.933, p<0.01), and women had higher exclusive marriage views (M=3.94, SD=.955) than men (M=3.41, SD=.933, p<0.01). And people with high quality of life positively influenced romantic marriage view (R2=.029, p<0.05), but negatively affected passive marriage view (R2=.029, p<0.05) and conservative marriage view (R2=.034, p<0.05). Based on the results of this study, a program is needed to create a positive marriage view for the married age group, create an environment for married people to positively engage in social and economic activities, and propose a program for creating healthy family relationships.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.17-38
• /
• 2006

This paper suggests the development device of Busan-Jinhae free Economic Zone(BJFEZ) to strengthen the competitiveness of the Port of Busan and promote the regional development in Busan. It deals with the securable feasibility of necessary sites and development costs and financial resources, the foreign investments figure, and the structure of the BJFEZ Authority. In addition, to evaluate the background, process, and contents of 'Special Purpose Local Government', the paper looks into the amendment proposal of 'Act on designation and management of free economic zones' suggested by the central government from the regional view of point. As proposals to promote and activate BJFEZ, it is recommended in the paper that it is required, first, to draw the detailed political methods to guarantee sound and sustainable development project and investment environment in accordance with regional characteristics prior to marketing, second, to develop and implement differentiated policy means to facilitate foreign investment, third, to strengthen specialty of the BJFEZ authority, and finally, to set up the supporting role and cooperation of both the central and local governments.