• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2019

Objective : This study aimed to identify types of leisure time spending of the Korean elderly according to the data of Hours of Living 2014 from National Statistical Office, and compare and analyze features of leisure time spending based on general characteristics of the elderly. Method : This study has only adopted the data of 9228 elder people whose ages were above 65, and their general characteristics and time spending features form the data of Hours of Living 2014. The final comparison and analysis has been made through behavior classification (1 major classification, 7 medium classification, 39 minor classification), which reflects how the elderly spend their leisure time according to their household and personal characteristics. Result : Firstly, the Korean elderly were found to spend most of their leisure time with media. Secondly, analyzing the features of leisure time spending based on household characteristics of the elderly, their gender and household income showed significant differences in all types of leisure time activities except for cultural and sightseeing activity. And their marital status showed significant differences in most of the leisure time activities excluding leisure time activity with media and cultural and sightseeing activity. Thirdly, analyzing the features of leisure time spending based on personal characteristics of the elderly, their education level has made significant differences in all types of leisure time activities. As for their economic activity status and average monthly income, they showed meaningful differences in most of the leisure time activities excluding cultural and sightseeing activity and ritual activity. Conclusion : We should help to find meaningful occupation within personal contexts and arrange it properly with balanced leisure time spending. Moreover, it is highly important to have appropriate occupational approach to prevent social isolation of the Korean elderly, and ensure their fruitful and successful later life.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.55
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• pp.265-297
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• 2017

This study aims to provide basic information about the policy and system improvements relevant to single elderly men, through an investigation concerning the use and needs of activity spaces near their housing environments. Eighteen single elderly men over 60-years-old living in Gunsan city of Jeonbuk province in Korea participated in in-depth interview, and the data were qualitatively analyzed. The results of the study are as follows: The social networks of the participants were focused on friends or colleagues, while mutual exchanges with their children were intermittently undertaken. Natural networks of the elderly were formed mainly in third places, such as parks, restaurants, or community facilities, and about a half of the elderly participants had no spatial needs, and the rest required spaces for meal services, the elderly living community, jobs, leisure/hobby activities, or facility improvements. The elements influencing use of activity spaces were access from the residence, health, social networks, and economic conditions. The results suggest the following: Exercise or leisure facilities supporting elderly mobility should be set up close to their residential environments. Senior facilities centered on systematic supports and shuttle buses circulating around the places that the elderly visit frequently should be considered. On the other hand, regular maintenance and education on residents' proper use of the facilities, and sufficient information and fee discounts for the general programs are needed so that the elderly could interact with the younger generation. From a public perspective, a rational system and policy based on understanding single elderly men's needs should be prepared for provision and management of the activity space.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.202-207
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• 2019

Background: Rehmannia glutinosa is a perennial herb belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae and is used in traditional oriental medicine. This study was conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of plug-seedling cultivation for replanting of R. glutinosa. Methods and Results: The seed rhizomes of Rehmannia glutinosa 'Jihwang 1' were harvested in the middle of March, 2018. Direct seedling cultivation was conducted after air curing for 3 days. The seedlings for transplanting were cultivated for 30 (30D), 45 (45D), and 60 days (60D). The mat formation rates of the 30D, 45D and 60D treatment seedling were 81.3%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Of the tree treatment groups, flowering occurred only in the 45D and 60D treatment groups, and their flowering rates were $7.3{\pm}3.06%$ and $13.3{\pm}1.15%$, respectively. The agronomic characteristics and active components of the three treatment groups were evaluated in comparison with the DS1 (directly seeded group, control) and DS2 (directly seeded group, replanting) groups. As a result, the leaf length and leaf width of the 30D seedlings were higher than other treatment groups, but the number of leaves per plant was statistically the same. In addition, root diameter and yield of the 30D seedling were statistically the same as DS1. Moreover the catalpol contents of 30D, 45D, DS1 and DS2 group seedlings were 2.23%, 1.86%, 2.50% and 2.08%, respectively. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings suggest it is feasible to use the plug-seedling cultivation method for replanting of R. glutinosa. seedlings. However, further evaluation of the economic aspect is needed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.361-371
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• 2019

In 2017, the ratio of the number of victims and deaths in the construction industry was the highest with 25.2% and 29.6%, respectively. Especially, as safety accidents at construction sites continue to increase, the economic loss is greatly increased too. Therefore, in order to prevent safety accidents in the construction work, the safety risk assessment index by type of construction was developed, and the main results of this study are as follows. First, 17 factors related to safety accidents at construction sites were derived through survey and interview survey, and this study suggested 9 items(process, type of construction, progress rate, contract amount, number of floors, safety education, working days and weather) throughout the expert advisory meeting. Second, the risk assessment index for safety accidents was developed based on the ratio and intensity of safety accidents. Third, to verify the risk assessment model, the construction safety risk assessment index by type of construction was derived by surveying and analyzing the statistics of the construction accident. In addition, the risk strength was calculated by dividing human damage caused by construction safety accidents into those killed and injured. The risk assessment index based on the frequency and intensity of safety accidents by type of construction is expected to be utilized as basic data when assessing the risk of similar projects in the future.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.13-26
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• 2019

There is a growing interest in the entrepreneurial activity that has long been considered essential for sustainable economic development and value creating. Although it is strongly encouraged by focusing on the positive aspects of venturing, less has been paid attention to entrepreneurial failure, which is the biggest cause of hesitation in starting a business. The uncertain and risky nature of entrepreneurship implies a considerable possibility of failure. Even if it fails, the experience and knowledge of entrepreneurs acquired through entrepreneurship indeed offers valuable lessons for the re-venturing, which can serve as an important social asset that should not be lost. It has been argued that re-entering the same industry for the subsequent venture maximizes the learning effect through utilizing potential benefits from industry-specific knowledge. Although the re-startup after entrepreneurial failure is a very important topic in the studies on serial entrepreneurs, there is a paucity of systematic empirical investigation. This study responds to calls for more research on the re-startup after entrepreneurial failure, and specifically complements existing studies on serial entrepreneurs. Focusing on the entrepreneurs' attribution for the failure, we conducted an empirical analysis of how this affects the re-startup process. Moreover, we also examined the moderating effects of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and resilience. For the analyses, we surveyed the entrepreneurs who tried to re-start the subsequent business after the entrepreneurial failure through the "Revitalization Center for Strained Entrepreneur". The results found that failed entrepreneurs who blamed internal factors for their previous venture failures were likely to keep the same industry for their subsequent business. In addition, the positive effect of internal attribution on maintaining the same industry for the re-startup was found to be stronger when entrepreneurial self-efficacy and resilience were high.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.137-144
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the perception of dying with dignity and the quality of life based on the opinions of the Korean populations. The participants were selected using a stratified proportional allocation method and 1,000 adults aged between 19 and 74 years from 17 municipalities and provinces in Korea. The questionnaire consisted of 2 demographic items; 26 items on the quality of life scale; and 57 items on the perception of dying with dignity. The statistical methods used included frequency analyses, independent sample t-tests, and correlation analyses. The results showed that the quality of life was highest for the social life quality item, and that the participants who had experienced a death in the family were more likely to have statistically lower quality of life in physical, psychological, environmental, and social areas. In terms of the participants' perception on dying with dignity, the score for death preparation was the highest; specifically, the score for psychological/economic burden reduction was the highest. The quality of life of the participants showed a positive correlation in all aspects of the perception of dying with dignity: physical symptoms and control, death preparation, death environment, family and social relations, hospital treatment, psychological dignity, and spirituality. Other studies conducted with middle-aged populations showed that their quality of life was higher when they perceived the acceptance of death is important and were willing to participate in death preparation education. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of life and have a positive influence on the participants, educational programs on death preparation and dying with dignity considering all the areas of the perception of dying with dignity should be provided.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.26-40
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• 2021

During the pandemic status of COVID-19 since 2019 December, demands and attention on various convergence services with non-contact technologies and social adoption are increasing. Along with these increased demands and attention, the digital divide issues should be concerned to understand the informatization degrees of rural area residences, the elderly, the disabled, and the low-income. Furthermore, rural area residences may be the elderly, the disabled, and the low-income also. It may mean that the rural area should be considered as in noticeable status of the digital divide. This study focuses on the policy alternatives to reduce the digital divide in rural areas with a literature review methodology and on the factors on informatization issues in rural areas. For the aims, this study analyzes the EU cases of informatization in rural areas to find out the advantages and disadvantages of the suggested policies. As the analysis result, it is clear that the EU countries try to enhance the economic and growth powers rather to reduce the digital divide gaps. Also, it can be considered that the EU countries focus on supporting the rural area to adopt the non-contact information services newly rather on maintaining the IT education services and the infrastructures in off-line environments.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.88-96
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• 2021

There have been many efforts to identify and eliminate the direct causes of the construction accident, but many accidents are still occurring in the construction industry. The main reason for the construction accident is not because of ignorance of the causes, but because of safety insensitivity. This paper analyzes why construction workers feel safety insensitivity and how safety insensitivity varies depending on their age and work experience. A survey of 103 construction workers confirmed that systematic safety education is the most important factor in minimizing safety insensitivity of construction workers. On the other hand, economic reasons such as cost reduction were identified as the most tempting factor to increase safety insensitivity. In addition, the survey results showed that those in their 40s and 50s, the largest proportion of construction workers, have a significantly higher level of safety insensitivity than those in their 20s and 60s. These findings are expected to be valuable source that can be used to prevent construction safety accidents.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2020

Objectives : This study looked at the effects of chronic IPV on suicide ideation among married women in the country. Methods : This study used data from the five-year-old Korea Welfare Panel and analyzed using questions about verbal and physical violence, depression and suicide ideation that were investigated every year. Age, education, and economic levels, drinking, religion, chronic disease, satisfaction with family relationship, satisfaction with social relationship, were included as variables. Results : The five-year cumulative score of verbal violence had a statistically significant effect on the depressive symptom, and the relative risk was 1.180. The relative risk of five-year-old cumulative score of verbal violence in suicidal ideation was 1.276, and it was also significant even if they exclude the effects of depressive symptom. On the other hand, the five-year cumulative score of physical violence was found to have no significant impact on suicide ideation if they excluded the effects of depressive symptom. Conclusions : Unlike previous studies, this study found that chronic verbal IPVs increase suicide ideation, even though they do not contain effects of depression. Such findings suggest that intervention in IPV in married women may help reduce the nation's suicide rate.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.119-126
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• 2021

The modern pentathlon is an exercise in which people and people compete, as well as exercise without equipment, exercise using equipment, and exercise with animals, and it is an exercise that includes static and dynamic exercise. The ethical issues of modern pentathlon athletes are also related to the poor environment and economic reasons, and the athlete's ethical awareness, attitude, and spirit have a great influence on the athlete's mental environment. In this study, the direction of improvement of ethical problems, which are different as important issues in modern sports, was examined, and qualitative research methods were applied to explore the sports spirit and ethics of the modern pentathlon. Correct sports should not deviate from the intended purpose of the exercise or cause or force the athlete to suffer physical or mental pain. In sports, compensatoryism can be a direct cause of improved performance or record-breaking, but sometimes it can also cause distorted athletes. Air doping has ethical issues that can cause controversy over the health or fairness of athletes, mental and physical damage to athletes, and harm. Responsibilities and ethical issues of athletes who take prohibited substances or leaders or supervisors who neglect or encourage them should be treated as very important matters. In the sports field, the reward system that is subordinate to the athlete's or leader's performance is related to the athlete's or leader's livelihood. For a fair and just game progression, it is necessary to break away from the development of athletes who are only focused on performance. The problem of Unethical issues must be overcome by emphasizing the restoration of ethics that are reasonably recognized in ideology and logic.