• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.532-541
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• 1997

This article derives an analytic solution to determine the optimal size of multiple noncontinuous process and storage units. The total cost to be minimized consists of the setup cost of noncontinuous processing units and the inventory holding cost of feedstock/product storages. A novel approach, which is called PSW(Periodic Square Wave) model, is applied to represent the material flow among non-continuous units and storages. PSW model presumes that the material flow between unit and storage is periodic square wave shaped. The resulting optimal unit size has similar characteristics with the classical economic lot sizing model such as EOQ(Economic Order Quantity) or EPQ(Economic Production Quantity) model in a sense that the unit size is determined as the balance between setup and inventory holding cost. However, the influence of inventory holding cost of PSW model is different from that of EOQ/EPQ model. EOQ/EPQ model includes only the product inventory holding cost but PSW model includes all inventory holding costs around the non-continuous unit with proportional contribution. PSW model is suitable for analyzing interlinked process-storage system. The optimal lot size of PSW model is smaller than that of EOQ/EPQ model. This is quitea remarkable result considering that the EOQ/EPQ model has been is widely used since last half century.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examine how much the cost of marriage ceremony has increased according to the economic growth. The relationship between marriage expenditures and other comparison variables such as per capital GNP, monthly income, consumer price index was particularly examined. All the money values were adjusted by consumer price index. Data from the Central Committee for Promotion of Saving were used in this study. The results of this study follow. First, nominal and actual total outlay of marriage ceremony has continuously increased. Total marriage ceremony cost was positively correlated with the housing price so that bridegroom’s outlay were greater than that of bride’s one since bridegroom was more likely to have the responsibility for the price of new couple’s house. Second, it was found that increased percentage rate of marriage ceremony cost was greater than that of national economic growth. The total marriage expenditure was about 10 times as much per capital income in 1990. Third, it was revealed that housing cost increased three times from 1990 to 1995, and marriage ceremony expense was accordingly increased twice during the same periods. Such trends tend to increase continuously. Last, the marriage cost percentage to monthly income called marriage expenditure share increased by 1990 and then decreased. Such a decreasing trend can be explained by the increased amount of income partly due to the higher wage rate compared to other conditions since 1990.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study is to analyze research trends on the cost-effectiveness in acupuncture for patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods : The literature and research in allergic rhinitis was searched in electronic databases, such as National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database(NHS EED) and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(CDSR). The general characteristics and the results of each economic analysis such as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs) were extracted. Results : In total, thirty seven studies were searched, and two studies were analyzed. They were cost-utility analysis(CUA)s that measured quality-adjusted life years(QALYs). One study showed that the ICER was €22,798 per QALY and was robust in sensitivity analysis. Another showed that the ICER was between €31,241 and €118,889 from society's perspective and between €20,807 and €74,585 from a third-party payer's perspective. Conclusions : Any generalization of these results needs to be made with caution given the specific effects of acupuncture and the difference of cost data in the various countries. Further studies are needed on this topic in order to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness clearly.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.407-413
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• 2006

Railways are very important to get stability of railway structure as transportation system carrying a lot of passengers and freight. These days the construction of underground railway crossing such as expansion of new roads, construction of subway and gas pipe is increasing because of economic and social development. But these kinds of construction didn't take into account Cost-benefit analysis of railway which has the most important aspects of railway safety, so the results of construction didn't get a good evaluation. This study adapt Cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the economic validity of underground railway crossing. This study adjust about Cost-benefit analysis of railway part, and analyze the new method and technology of underground railway crossing constructed by Korean National Railroad and Railway Network Authority. Also this study divide between high frequency line and low frequency lineusing B/C, NPV, and IRR analysis. After analysis, B/C ratio method is the most suitable method among B/C, NPV, and IRR analysis method. Therefore this study can express economic benefit quantitatively and decrease the cost by adapting Cost-benefit analysis, and can clearly express the construction feasibility and investment effects of construction of underground railway crossing method.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.20-32
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• 1995

This paper is concerned with the economic selection of both the lower limit and the process mean for a continuous production process. Consider a production process where items are produced continuously. All of the items are subject to acceptance inspection. The items for which the measured values of the quality characteristic are larger than the lower limit are accepted, and those smaller than the lower limit are rejected and excluded from shipment. The process mean may be set higher to reduce the costs incurred by imperfect quality. Using a higher process mean, however, results in a higher production cost when production cost is an increasing function of the quality characteristic. Assuming that the quality characteristic is normally distributed with known variability, cost models are constructed which involve production cost, cost incurred by imperfect quality, rejection cost, and inspection cost. Methods of finding optimal values of the lower limit and the process mean are presented and numerical examples are given.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.131-138
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to suggest the evaluation standard of cost-effectiveness analysis for renew of architectural equipment in public building. Evaluation items of cost-effectiveness analysis for renew of architectural equipment in public building were used life cycle cost, energy consumption(ton of oil equivalent), green house gas emissions(ton of carbon dioxide) and maximum power demand. Life cycle cost is the process of making an economic assessment of an item, area, system, or facility by considering all significant costs of ownership over an economic life, expressed in terms of equivalent costs. The essence of life cycle costing is the analysis of equivalent costs of various alternative proposals. The social concern with green house gas and maximum power demand of architectural equipment field has been growing for the last several years.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.147-157
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• 2020

With the increasing obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the building sector, the government has been gradually expanding its obligation to zero-energy buildings since 2020. Since the ZEB certification took effect in 2017, 48 preliminary and main certifications have been completed as of March 2019, and most of them are public buildings or even certified, but have earned Grade 5 of ZEB. This means that compared with the number of annual building permits registered in Korea, the figure is insignificant, and that it receives little if not mandatory. Therefore, this study investigated empirical cases of ZEB additional construction cost and conducted cost benefit analysis according to changes in ZEB additional construction cost based on a preliminary feasibility analysis project recently conducted by the KDI. In addition, considering the public buildings, the social costs were considered, and the cost-benefit analysis method was the same as the KDI's preliminary feasibility analysis method. The analysis shows that if the ratio of ZEB additional construction cost is more than 5 percent, it is analyzed that there is no economic feasibility, and considering that the ratio of additional construction cost in the cases of ZEB in Korea is 17 percent to 38 percent, it will not be easy to obtain ZEB certification in terms of cost. Finally, to narrow these differences in cost and economic aspects, the overseas low energy and ZEB incentive examples proposed measures such as the concept of subsidy payment in Illinois and the compensation of social costs to private ZEB.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.643-659
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• 2022

For the economic analysis of fuel cells, levelized cost of electricity was calculated according to the type, capacity, and annual production of the fuel cells. The cost of every component was calculated through the system component breakdown. The direct cost of the system included stack cost, component cost, assembly, test, and conditioning cost, and profit markup cost were added. The effect of capacity and annual production was analyzed by fuel cell type. Sensitivity analysis was performed according to stack life, capital cost, project period, and fuel cost. As a result, it was derived how much the economic efficiency of the fuel cell improves as the capacity increases and the annual production increases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2003

Generally, the life-span of a multi-housing complex is over 50 years, but in reality they are usually demolished after 20 years in spite of its remaining life expectancy. Thus, this research focuses on the estimation of the optimum economic life-span of a multi-housing complex. To estimate the minimum total cost point of start to finish of a multi-housing complex, we'll apply MAPI(Machinery and Allied Product Institute) and LCC(Life Cycle Cost) theory.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.717-727
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• 2015

Although the NutriPlus program has shown considerable evidence of enhancing users' nutritional status, the budget does not cover all eligible mothers and children. This study aimed to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of the NutriPlus program to assess its economic efficiency. 53 families with 79 users in the NutriPlus program at Daejeon Dong-gu Health Center participated in this study with informed consent. The costs and benefits were estimated from both the administrator's and users' perspectives. We converted the time cost into Korean currency based on the minimum wage in 2014. The value of nutrition education and service (B2), estimated by contingency valuation method (CVM), was counted as an economic benefit. 6 families (11.3%) were recipients of national medical care and 22 families (41.5%) paid 10% of the food package cost by themselves. The total cost was \7,450,167 and the total benefit was \12,402,239. The budget for the health center (C1+C2+C3+C4) was \5,984,381 a month. Time and transportation cost for receiving nutrition education (C6) differed significantly according to the economic status of families. Household food consumption increase (C4-B4) was 40,379 in the poverty group, which was four times more than in the other groups. The net benefit (B-C) was \4,852,172 and the B/C ratio was 1.66. Therefore, the NutriPlus program is beneficial in the economic aspect as well as in the nutritional aspect. If the enhancement of nutritional status was also considered, the total benefit would be even higher. These results confirm the legitimacy of a secure budget for the NutriPlus program. And we suggest expanding its budget to cover more eligible individuals to improve people's health and welfare.