• 제목/요약/키워드: Ecological data

검색결과 2,110건 처리시간 0.038초

Kidney Toxicity Induced by 13 Weeks Exposure to the Fruiting Body of Paecilomyces sinclairii in Rats

  • Jeong, Mi-Hye;Kim, Young-Won;Min, Jeong-Ran;Kwon, Min;Han, Beom-Suk;Kim, Jeong-Gyu;Jeong, Sang-Hee
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.179-185
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    • 2012
  • Paecilomyces sinclairiis (PS) is known as a functional food or human health supplement. However concerns have been raised about its kidney toxicity. This study was performed to investigate the kidney toxicity of PS by 13 week-oral administration to rats. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and kidney damage biomarkers including beta-2-microglobulin (${\beta}2m$), glutathione S-transferase alpha (GST-${\alpha}$), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), calbindin, clusterin, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and osteopontin were measured during or after the treatment of PS. BUN, creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not changed by PS. However, kidney cell karyomegaly and tubular hypertrophy were observed dose-dependently with higher severity in males. KIM-1, TIMP-1 and osteopontin in kidney and urine were increased dose dependently in male or at the highest dose in female rats. Increased urinary osteopontin by PS was not recovered at 2 weeks of post-exposure in both genders. Cystatin C in kidney was decreased at all treatment groups but inversely increased in urine. The changes in kidney damage biomarkers were more remarkable in male than female rats. These data indicate that the PS may provoke renal cell damage and glomerular filtration dysfunction in rats with histopathological lesions and change of kidney damage biomarkers in kidney or urine. Kidney and urinary KIM-1 and cystatin C were the most marked indicators, while kidney weight, BUN and creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not influenced.

논 잡초 멸종위기식물인 물고사리의 낙동강유역 자생지 최초보고 및 군락분류 (Habitat and Phytosociological Characters of Ceratopteris thalictroides, Endangered Plant Species on Paddy Field, in Nakdong River)

  • 최병기;이창우;허만규
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.50-55
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 멸종위기 II급 식물인 물고사리의 낙동강 유역권 분포와 자생지에 발달하고 있는 식물군락의 식물사회학적 특성을 밝히고자 이루어졌다. 식물사회학적 연구는 Z.-M. 학파의 방법에 의해 수행되었으며, 전통적 분류방법과 수리통계적 분류방법이 동시에 고려되었다. 물고사리우점군락은 둔치도 일대에 분포하고 있으며, 종조성에 의해 물고사리-흰꽃여뀌군락, 물고사리-밭뚝외풀군락, 물고사리-민구와말군락으로 구분되었다. 군락을 결정짓는 주요환경요소는 수분환경, 입지안정도, 답압의 영향, 인위적 관리에 의한 이차적 에너지 투입, 범람의 빈도 등인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 군락 구성종 가운데 물고사리의 상대기여도가 지배적인 고유식생형으로 분포하고 있음이 밝혀졌으며, 주기적인 간섭에 적응되어 일년생식물의 구성비율이 월등히 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 현재와 같은 전통농법이 유지될 경우 자생지를 중심으로 점차적으로 분포를 넓혀갈 것으로 판단되며, 군락과 서식처에 대한 지속적인 모니터링 연구가 요구된다.

남조류의 생리·생태 연구에서 분자생태유전학적 기법의 역할 및 전망 (Prospect and Roles of Molecular Ecogenetic Techniques in the Ecophysiological Study of Cyanobacteria)

  • 안치용
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제51권1호
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    • pp.16-28
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    • 2018
  • 남조류에 대한 오랜 연구로 많은 사실을 알게 되었음에도 여전히 미지의 영역으로 남아있는 부분이 많은데, 분자 생물학에 기반한 오믹스 기술의 발전으로 새로운 도구를 이용한 다른 관점에서의 연구가 최근 활발해지고 있다. 일차적으로는 유전체 염기서열 분석기술을 사용하여 다양한 남조류의 유전체 비교분석과 유전자의 발현 양상을 연구함으로써, 독소 합성의 조절 기작 등 생리적 특성이 나타나는 원리 규명에 많은 노력이 기울여지고 있다. 또한 남조류 유전형의 다양성과 이들이 밀접하게 상호작용하는 박테리아 군집이 계절적 및 환경적 요인에 어떻게 반응하여 변화하고, 이러한 변화가 생태계에는 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구가 생물정보학 분석기법과 결합하면서, 생태계의 복잡한 작동방식에 대한 이해도 늘어나고 있다. 특히 다양한 오믹스 기법을 복합 적용함으로써 생태계 안에서 일어나는 모든 층위의 생물학적 반응에 대한 총체적 그림을 그리는 것이 현실화되고 있으며, 이렇게 그려진 설계도로부터 녹조를 효과적으로 제어하고 건강한 수생태계를 유지할 수 있는 새로운 통찰의 가능성에 대한 기대가 고조되고 있다.

하·폐수내 브롬화 디페닐 에테르(Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether, PBDEs)의 분포 및 제거기술 동향 (Treatment Technologies for Removal of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) from Wastewater)

  • 김민희;현승훈;이원석
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제33권6호
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    • pp.754-768
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    • 2017
  • Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of industrial aromatic organobromine chemicals that have been used since the 1970s as flame retardants in a wide range of consumer products and articles, including plastics, computers, textiles and upholstery. Commercial PBDEs were added to Annex A of the Stockholm Convention as persistent organic pollutants in May 2009. PBDEs are still frequently found in sludge and effluent from wastewater treatment plants, even though commercial PBDEs were prohibited or voluntarily phased out several years ago. Conventional wastewater treatment processes are not designed to effectively remove PBDEs. This indicates that there is an urgent need for new developments and improvements to enhance upon the treatment techniques which are currently available. Several studies have suggested the potential removal and degradation technologies for PBDEs in wastewater. In this study, the concentrations and compositional profiles of PBDE congeners in sludge and effluent are investigated by analyzing the relevant literature data in relation to their usage patterns in commercial products in North America and South Korea. The strengths and weaknesses of the current PBDEs removal techniques (i.e., biodegradation, zero-valent iron, photolysis, sorption, etc.) are discussed critically. In addition, future research direction regarding the treatment and removal of PBDEs from wastewater is also suggested, based on the literature review.

디지털 농업기후도 해설 (Agroclimatic Maps Augmented by a GIS Technology)

  • 윤진일
    • 한국농림기상학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.63-73
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    • 2010
  • A comprehensive mapping project for agroclimatic zoning in South Korea will end by April 2010, which has required 4 years, a billion won (ca. 0.9 million US dollars) and 22 experts from 7 institutions to complete it. The map database from this project may be categorized into primary, secondary and analytical products. The primary products are called "high definition" digital climate maps (HD-DCMs) and available through the state of the art techniques in geospatial climatology. For example, daily minimum temperature surfaces were prepared by combining the climatic normals (1971-2000 and 1981-2008) of synoptic observations with the simulated thermodynamic nature of cold air by using the raster GIS and microwave temperature profiling which can quantify effects of cold air drainage on local temperature. The spatial resolution of the gridded climate data is 30m for temperature and solar irradiance, and 270m for precipitation. The secondary products are climatic indices produced by statistical analysis of the primary products and includes extremes, sums, and probabilities of climatic events relevant to farming activities at a given grid cell. The analytical products were prepared by driving agronomic models with the HD-DCMs and dates of full bloom, the risk of freezing damage, and the fruit quality are among the examples. Because the spatial resolution of local climate information for agronomic practices exceeds the current weather service scale, HD-DCMs and the value-added products are expected to supplement the insufficient spatial resolution of official climatology. In this lecture, state of the art techniques embedded in the products, how to combine the techniques with the existing geospatial information, and agroclimatic zoning for major crops and fruits in South Korea will be provided.

논둑 식생의 식물사회학적 군락분류 (Phytosociological Classification of vegetation in paddy levee)

  • 오영주;손수인;김창석;김병우;강병화
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.413-420
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    • 2008
  • 논둑에 분포하고 있는 식생구조에 대해 식물사회학적 연구를 수행하였다. 총59개 조사구에 대한 식생자료의 분석은 Zurich-Montpellier 학파의 방법을 이용하였다. 논둑 식생조사 결과3군단, 3군집, 3군락으로 구분되었다: 쑥-수크령군단(바랭이-돌피군집, 쑥-개망초군락, 띠군락, 한삼덩굴-돌콩군락), 참억새-새군단(억새군집), 미국가막사리-개기장군단(고마리군집). DCA분석에서 식생단위와 환경과의 상관관계를 보면, 쑥-개망초군락과 띠군락은 토양 경도와 양의 상관관계, 습한 논둑에 서식하는 고마리군집과 서식폭이 넓은 억새군집은 전질소와 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다.

남한강 비내늪의 공사전후 관속식물상과 생태적 특성 (Flora and Ecological Characteristics Before and After Construction of the Binae Marsh, Namhan River)

  • 유주한;안영섭;이철희
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.61-80
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    • 2012
  • This study is to offer the basic data for restoration and conservation of wetland ecosystem by surveying and analysing the flora distributed in the Binae marsh, Namhan River, Chungju-si. The flora in the Binae marsh were verified 204 taxa including 48 families, 152 genera, 179 species, 23 varieties and 2 forms. In flora, pteridophyta were 2 taxa including 1 family, 1 genus and 2 species, among angiospermae, dicotyledonae were 153 taxa including 37 families, 110 genera, 138 species, 13 varieties and 2 forms and monocotyledonae were 49 taxa including 10 families, 41 genera, 39 species and 10 varieties. In the result of classifying the life form of flora, megaphanerophytes (M), nanophanerophytes (N) and chamaiphytes (Ch) were each 9 taxa (4.4%), 37 taxa (18.1%) of hemicryptophytes (H), 19 taxa (9.3%) of geophytes (G), 97 taxa (47.6%) of therophytes (Th) and 24 taxa (11.8%) of hydrophytes (HH). The rare plant designated by Korea Forest Service was 1 taxa (Aristolochia contorta), and the endemic plant was 1 taxa (Salix koriyanagi) too. The specific plants by floristic region were 6 taxa. From among these, the species of degree I were 5 taxa including Salix chaenomeloides, Aristolochia contorta, Artemisia selengensis, Cirsium pendulum and Vallisneria natans, and degree III was 1 taxa including Alisma orientale. The naturalized plants were 45 taxa and the invasive alien plants were 3 taxa including Sicyos angulatus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Ambrosia trifida. The naturalized index (NI) was about 22.1%, 16.1% of urbanized index (UI) and 27.3% of disturbed index (DI). The extinct species by construction were 17 taxa including Persicaria sagittata, Typha orientalis, Zizania latifolia and so forth. The new-occured species were 14 taxa including Brassica juncea, Thlaspi arvense, Carduus crispus and so forth. The important species among the extinct species were Aristolochia contorta, Alisma orientale and Vallisneria natans.

경주국립공원 서악 지구의 관속식물상 (Vascular Plants of Seoak District in Gyeongju National Park)

  • 유주한
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.13-33
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study is to offer the raw data for establishing the management and restoration plan by objective surveying and analysing the flora distributed in Seoak District, Gyeongju National Park, Korea. The flora summarized as 411 taxa including 92 families, 285 genera, 363 species, 2 subspecies, 41 varieties and 5 forms. The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 2 taxa including Exochorda serratifolia and Potentilla discolor. The Korean endemic plants were 3 taxa including Philadelphus schrenkii, Lespedeza maritima and Weigela subsessilis. The specific plants by floristic region were 16 taxa including Asplenium sarelii, Pyrrosia petiolosa, Vitex negundo var. incisa and so forth. The target plants adaptable to climate change were 2 taxa including Lespedeza maritima and Carpesium macrocephalum, and the plants with approval for delivering oversea were 4 taxa including Exochorda serratifolia, Glycine soja, Lespedeza maritima and Weigela subsessilis. The naturalized plants were 51 taxa including Phytolacca americana, Viola papilionacea, Lamium purpureum and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 3 taxa including Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus and Lactuca scariola. NI(Naturalized Index) was 12.4% of all 411 taxa of surveyed flora in this study and UI(Urbanized Index) was 15.9% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants in Korea. Potentilla discolor in rare plant, Philadelphus schrenkii in endemic plant and Dictamnus dasycarpus in specific plant were established the conservation plan. Whereas, invasive alien plants such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus and Lactuca scariola should be removed as soon as possible. The damaged sites in Seoak District were divided between wildfire area and farmland. To restore a forest fire site, we will have to apply a natural renewal and community planting. In case of farmland, we will have to do ecological planting using native species and constrcut a forest wetland.

강천산 군립공원의 식생 (Vegetation of Gangcheonsan Provincial Park in Cheollabuk-do)

  • 김하송;오장근;전지영
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 2013
  • 본 조사는 2009년부터 2011년까지 전라북도 순창군과 전남 담양군 일대에 강천산 군립공원의 식생 현황을 조사하였다. 강천산 군립공원의 식생은 총 28개의 식생자료를 바탕으로 9개의 군락으로 분류되었으며, 주요 삼림식생은 산지낙엽활엽수림인 굴참나무군락 및 졸참나무-굴참나무군락, 산지침엽수림은 소나무군락, 소나무-굴참나무군락, 소나무-상수리나무군락 및 솜대군락으로 나타났다. 습지식생은 갯버들군락, 고마리군락, 달뿌리풀군락 등이 나타났다. 강천산 군립공원은 기암괴석, 폭포, 계곡 등이 어우러져 자연경관이 우수하며, 산지계곡습지에 분포하는 특정식물군락 서식지가 잘 보전되어 있다. 강천산군립공원 내에 자생하고 있는 소나무군락, 백양꽃군락 및 석산군락 조성지를 중심으로 장기모니터링을 실시함으로서 주요 군락의 생태적 서식지 변화에 대한 특성을 파악하여, 적극적인 보전, 복원, 홍보 방안 마련이 필요하다.

한강의 대표적 하천에 서식하는 참갈겨니 (Zacco koreanus)의 물리적 서식조건에 관한 연구 (Investigation on Physical Habitat Condition of Korean Chub (Zacco koreanus) in Typical Streams of the Han River)

  • 허준욱;서진원
    • 환경영향평가
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.207-215
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    • 2011
  • In order to establish fundamental data for stream restoration and environmental flow, we investigated physical habitat conditions of Korean chub (Zacco koreanus) in the typical streams of Han River. Field monitoring including fish sampling was conducted from September 2008 to April 2010. A total number of fish caught in the 8 sites was 3,421 representing 8 families 31 species, and 17 species (54.8%) including Korean shinner (Coreoleuciscus splendidus) and Z. koreanus were Korean endemic species during the study period. The most frequently found species in number was pale chub (Z. platypus, 25.7%) followed by Z. koreanus (22.8%) and Microphysogobio longidorsalis (16.8%). Numbers of Z. Koreanus ranged from 8 to 10 cm of total length were the highest in size distribution of their population in all sites. They were widely found in ranges of flow velocity (0.2~0.9 m/sec, 89.6%), water depth (0.3~0.9 m, 91.6%), and different types of substrates except for silt, and they tended to prefer run (58.1%) and riffle (33.7%) with cobble bed (47.0%) microhabitat. Most of upper streams in Korea consist of riffles and runs that are repeatedly followed by another one. However, stream channelization and leveling have caused reduction of habitat diversity. Therefore, it is necessary to make an effort on stream rehabilitation with evaluation of physical habitat condition by indicator species in order to maintain biodiversity and perform ecological restoration.