• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 1993

Crystal violet, a typical triphenylmenthane dye (N, N, N', N', N", N"-hexa methylparaosaniline), extensively used in textile dye, industry and research, has been suggested to cause tumor growth in botton-feeding fishes. For the isolation of crystal violet degrading bacteria, wastewaters were sampled from plants' wastewater treatment facility, textile treatment facility, textile wastewater treatment plant and etc.. The most efficient strain in crystal violet degrading bacteria was identified as Klebsiella oxytoca. Added sole carbon source in PAS minimal media was 10mg/l crystal violet, which incubated at 30。C, the degrading efficiency was maximum 12.3%. When fructose, glucose, sucrose and yeast-extract were added 0.01% in PAS media respectively, the degrading efficiency were all 96% within 24 hours.

• Mycobiology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2016

Extensive disease surveys performed during the summers of 2013 and 2014 in Schisandra chinensis orchards resulted in the finding of a Septobasidium sp. associated with felt disease. The fungus was characterized to be symbiotic with a scale insect (Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli). Morphological and molecular characteristics of the Septobasidium isolates were investigated. The isolates were morphologically and phylogenetically close to S. bogoriense. We tentatively describe this isolate as a Septobasidium sp., mainly because of the limited amount of information available on the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA of Septobasidium spp.

• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2007

The fruits showing brown rot symptom on dwarf flowering almond were found in Gongju, Chungchungnam-Do in Korea in July 2005. Small water-soaked lesions on the fruits were initiated, and gradually developed to soft rot covered with gray conidia. Then the diseased fruits were shrunk and became grayish-black mummies. A fungus was isolated from the diseased fruit and its morphological, cultural and molecular genetic characteristics were investigated. Typical blastospores of Monilinia spp. were observed under a light microscope both from tissues of the diseased fruits and from PDA-grown cultures. The fungus grew well at $25^{\circ}C$ and on PDA. The ITS ribosomal DNA region (650 bp) of the fungus was amplified by PCR and analyzed. Comparative data on ITS sequence homology among Monilinia spp., ITS sequence-based phylogram and morphological characteristics showed that the fungus is Monilinia fructicola. This is the first report on Monilinia fructicola causing brown rot on fruits of dwarf flowering almond in Korea.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.425-432
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• 2006

The tadpoles of 12 Korean anuran species, including Bombina orientalis, Bufo gargarizans, B. stejnegeri, Hyla japonica, Kaloula borealis, Rana dybowskii, R. huanrenensis, R. coreana, R. nigromaculata, R. chosenica, R. rugosa, and R. catesbeiana, were classified based on their morphological characteristics. We collected eggs or tadpoles of the 12 Korean anuran species from Gangwon, Incheon, Chungcheong, and Gyeonggi districts in 2005 and 2006 breeding seasons. When the tadpoles reached at $27{\sim}37$ Gosner's developmental stages, we described morphological characteristics of the tadpoles of each anuran species and measured their physical parameters such as total length, body length, and body mass. After that, we chose 12 morphological characteristics to identify each species and to use them as classification keys such as eye location, caudal musculature pattern, spiracle location, oral disc morphology, and labial tooth row formula. In this paper, we presented classification keys, morphological characteristics, and drawings for the tadpoles of 12 anuran species.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

Purpose : Ando Tadao has his own unique architectural conception to reproduce natural view on site, and he continues to create new architecture without regarding to any principles. Ando Tadao experiments his imagination through the museum architecture, starts organization of space with light, and completes organization of space with light at once. Methods : The research works as follows: 1) Analyzes the meaningful characteristics showed in his architectural works. 2) Analyze organization of space and use of light in museums designed by Ando Tadao. 3) Selecte his representative museums in Korea and Japan, and then analyze space composition and light use through literature study and field survey. Result : The organization of museum space by Ando Tadao has a close relationship with the light. Light designed by Ando Tadao represents unique architectural varieties such as cushioning space, moving line, spatial characterization, and natural influx.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

Wood Polymer Composites(WPC) have attracted significant attention because of ecological and environmental concerns. However, the structure of Wood Flour containing many hydroxyl groups(-OH) reduces the interface adhesion to Phenol-formaldehyde(PF) and it decreases the mechanical properties of the PF/Wood Flour Composites. The present work involves the modification of Wood Flour using silanes reinforced with Phenol-formaldehyde to enhance the mechanical properties of the composites. The spectroscopic properties of the composites were analyzed using FT-IR, XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) and the mechanical properties i.e., tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength were studied. We confirmed the modification effect of silanes by spectroscopic analysis, and the mechanical properties of the composites using wood flour modified by silanes were significantly improved.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.133-138
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• 2021

The concept of inclusive development provides equal opportunities for all participants in access to the labor market and resource allocation. This concept emphasizes the equality of human capital, the ecological state of the environment, social protection and food security. This concept is fundamentally different from the standard perception of economic growth, because it has broader goals than simply increasing incomes and GDP. It rejects the position that positive results are an automatic consequence of growth; here the basic condition is human development and increase of its well-being, reduction of poverty. Therefore, it is not the result of distribution that becomes primary, but the involvement in the process of social reproduction. An alternative system of characterization of the country's position according to the resulting indicator of the Inclusive Development Index was presented at the World Economic Forum in Davos. In this research the methodical development of the system of estimation of the index of inclusive development for regions of the NUTS 4 level of the European classification is resulted.

• Mycobiology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.150-154
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• 2022

Rhytisma lonicericola was identified as a tar spot fungus on Lonicera sp. in 1902, and has since been recorded on several species of Lonicera in China, Japan, and Korea. Most of the previous records of R. lonicericola have been based on a list of disease occurrences in the absence of any formal morphological identification or molecular analyses. Using six newly obtained specimens collected in the past 2 years, we confirmed the tar spot fungus found on L. japonica in Korea as R. lonicericola based on morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses. This fungus was distinguished from R. xylostei, another tar spot fungus on Lonicera, by ascospore size and geographical distributions. We present detailed mycological information and, for the first time, DNA sequence data useful for the identification of R. lonicericola.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2023

Dark brown leaf molds growing in a vein-limited pattern have been continuously observed on the lower leaf surface of Fatoua villosa in Korea. Fifteen samples deposited in the Korea University herbarium were examined for fungal morphological characterization. Two monoconidial isolates were obtained in 2022, and molecular analysis was performed based on a combined multigene dataset of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and partial actin (actA), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), and DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit (rpb2). Based on morphological features and molecular phylogenetic analysis, the fungus Pseudocercospora fatouae was identified. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study reporting the presence of P. fatouae on F. villosa in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2009

To understand contribution of thermophilic microorganisms in decomposition of litter deposits on shore of lakes, we surveyed a lakeshore litter deposit for bacteria growing at $60^{\circ}C$. Ten thermophilic isolates were selected for in-depth characterization, based on their high capacity to degrade high molecular weight organic compounds. Based on phylogenetic analysis on their 16S rRNA gene sequences, all isolates were identified as Geobacillus. The optimal growth temperature and pH of the strains ranged $55{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ and 6.0${\sim}$8.0, respectively. Salinity was inhibitory to the growth of the isolates, showing marked decrease of growth rates at 3% salinity. Based on activities of hydrolytic enzymes and profiles of carbohydrate utilization (determined by API 50 CHB kit), three G. stearothermophilus strains showed patterns clearly distinctive from other isolates. Two G. kaustophilus strains also demonstrated distinctiveness in their metabolic pattern and ecological parameters. However, ecological and metabolic profiles of the other five isolates were more variable and showed some degree of digression from their phylogenetic classification. Therefore, it could be concluded that endospore-forming thermophilic bacteria in lakeshore litter deposits contribute to degradation of organic materials with diverse ecological niches while having successions similar to microbial flora in compost. We propose that the thermophilic isolates and/or their thermo-tolerant enzymes can be applied to industrial processes as appropriate mixtures.