• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated pesticide residues in 207 agricultural products distributed by direct trade in the northern area of Gyeonggi Province. A total of 94 general agricultural products and 113 eco-friendly agricultural products collected from local grocers and cooperative stores were analyzed by multiresidue method for 263 pesticides using GC (gas chromatography)/ECD (electron capture detector), GC/NPD (nitrogen phosphorus detector), GC-MS/MS (tandem mass spectrometry), LC (liquid chromatography)/PDA (photodiode array detector), LC/FLD (fluorescence detector), LC-MS/MS. All samples showing pesticide residues were general agricultural products collected from local food stores. The pesticide residue levels of 14 samples (6.8%) were below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) and one of them (0.5%) exceeded the MRLs. Sixteen pesticides were detected from samples of the following produce items: spinach, young cabbage, perilla leaves, mallow, cucumber, chives and water dropwort. The safety of the detected pesticides was assessed by monitoring the daily intake estimate (EDI) and the daily intake allowance (ADI) based on the amount of pesticides detected. The ADI percentage range (the ratio of EDI to ADI) was 0.0134-61.6259% and there was no health risk connected with consuming agricultural products in which pesticide residues were detected.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2012

National Academy of Agricultural Science and eight province Agricultural Research & Extension Services investigated the occurring area of herbicide resistant weeds in paddy field of Korea. In order to estimate the occurring areas of herbicide resistant weeds, we collected paddy soils on August, 2011 and treated 30kg $ha^{-1}$ of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+pyriminobac-methyl GR. 167,081ha, approximately 20.9% of cultivated area excluding organic and eco-friendly cultivated area, was estimated to be infested by SU-herbicide resistant paddy field weeds. It was increased by 60,130ha compared with investigation of 2008. It was occurred at Chungchungnam-do by 47.6%, followed by 36.9% at Jeonranam-do, 25.7% at Chungchungbuk-do, 20.5% at Gangwon do, and 13.0% at Gyeonggi-do, respectively. Monochoria vaginalis showed the highest with 65,313ha, 39.1% followed by Scirpus juncoides, and Cyperus difformis, respectively. These three species were evenly distributed and the most problematic weeds in the country. Lindernia dubia occurred at 13,964ha (8.4%) and Echinochloa oryzicola was 5.1%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.115-127
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• 2018

This study aims to propose management strategies of ventilation paths for improving urban thermal environments. For this purpose, Gimhae-si in Gyeongsangnamdo was selected as a study area. We analyzed hot spots and cool spots in Gimhae by using Landsat 8 satellite image data and spatial statistical analysis, and finally derived the vulnerable areas to thermal environment. In addition, the characteristics of ventilation paths including wind direction and wind speed were analyzed by using data of the wind resource map provided by Korea Meteorological Administration. As a result, it was found that a lot of hot spots were similar to those with weak wind such as Jinyoung-eup, Jillye-myeon, Juchon-myeon and the downtown area. Based on the analysis, management strategies of ventilation paths in Gimhye were presented as follows. Jinyoung-eup and Jillye-myeon with hot spot areas and week wind areas have a strong possibility that hot spot areas will be extended and strengthened, because industrial areas are being built. Hence, climate-friendly urban and architectural plans considering ventilation paths is required in these areas. In Juchon-myeon, where industrial complexes and agricultural complexes are located, climate-friendly plans are also required because high-rise apartment complexes and an urban development zone are planned, which may induce worse thermal environment in the future. It is expected that a planning of securing and enlarging ventilation paths will be established for climate-friendly urban management. and further the results will be utilized in urban renewal and environmental planning as well as urban basic plans. In addition, we expect that the results can be applied as basic data for climate change adaptation plan and the evaluation system for climate-friendly urban development of Gimhye.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.365-374
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• 2008

Plastics are comparatively new polymeric materials that are manufactured by chemical synthesis, making them different from natural materials such as wood, paper, stone, metal, and glass. Due to a wide range of properties, including processing capabilities and duration, plastics have become rapidly ubiquitous, being used in all industries, and have improved our quality of life. However, it is true that plastics cause environmental contamination problems that have become important social issues, such as environmental hormone leakage due to incineration or reclamation, difficulty in securing reclamation sites, and deadly poisonous dioxin generated by the incomplete incineration of waste plastic materials. To solve these problems, it is urgent to develop and commercialize degradable plastics that can be stably and conveniently used just as general plastics, and that are easily decomposed by sunlight, soil microbes, and heat generated from reclaimed land after use. This review presents recent worldwide trends in the development and marketing of environmentally degradable plastics.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2014

Due to recent interest of the consumers on safe farm products and the government's political support for eco-friendly agriculture, organic fruit production has been growing continuously. This research was conducted in order to study the effect of cover plants on soil microbial community on cover plants and establish an organic fruit cultivation method through choosing optimal cover plant. As a result of investigating soil microbial population density, the bacterial density in soil showed an increasing trend in June compared to April, and there was a decreasing trend in bacterial density of the soil in August compared to June. The density of actinomycetes in soil increased around 1.6 times in June compared to April when the soil was covered with hairy vetch. The increase of filamentous fungus in crimson clover group was 6.1 times higher in June compared to April and in hairy vetch group, the increase was 4.9 times higher in June compared to April. As a result of analyzing DNA extracted from the soil categorized by different types of cover plants using DGGE method, soil collected from April had higher number of bands detected from different locations according to different types of cover plants. Diversity of the bands from the soil collected from August showed higher range of reduction. As a result of analyzing soil microbial community by different period and the types of cover plants using Pyrosequencing method, microbes were detected in the order of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes. Distribution rate of Firmicutes increased in the soil collected in August compared to June and this was shown in all types of cover plants by twice the amount.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.659-682
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• 2015

This study was conducted to suggest ideal management system for organic materials. As the performing method of the study, surveyed results on understanding of related persons (organic farmer 846, organic materials manufacture 70 and Organic materials Auditors 7) with eco-friendly farming were used. And the opinion on unintentional pollution source contained in organic materials was surveyed additionally. The issues pointed out by organic farmers on product of organic materials were high price (60% to total), poor efficacy (16%), disorder on distribution system (13%) and containing chemicals as a pesticide (10%). And notification system for organic materials was accepted in general (positive and so so 76%) while most interviewees preferred (89%) unification of certification system dominantly. As unintentional contamination source, pollution on imported row material was indicated as major reason, and other causes were confirmed as insertion during manufacturing process, agricultural by-products using as product additive et al. Based on these surveyed results, authors suggest bellows as considerable methods for effective improvement of management system on organic material. First, establish new integrated certification system which contains standard of quality certification and notification system on organic material. Second, for evaluation of efficacy, apply relative evaluation system of significance such as Duncan's multiple test instead of existing absolute evaluation system. Third, constitute and operate selection of standard comparison subcommittee in organic Agro-materials committee in RDA.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2013

At present, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are the first group of drugs to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although beneficial in improving cognitive and behavioral symptoms, the effectiveness of AChE inhibitors has been questioned since they do not delay or prevent neurodegeneration in AD patients. Therefore, in the present study, in order to develop new and effective anti-AD agents from lichen products, both the AChE inhibitory and the neuroprotective effects were evaluated. The AChE inhibitory assay was performed based on Ellman's reaction, and the neuroprotective effect was evaluated by using the MTT method on injured PC12 cells. One AChE inhibitor ($IC_{50}$ = 27.1 ${\mu}g/ml$) was isolated by means of bioactivity-guided isolation from the extract of lichen-forming fungus Cladonia macilenta, which showed the most potent AChE inhibitory activity in previous screening experiment. It was then identified as biruloquinone by MS, and $^1H$- and $^{13}C$-NMR analyses. The inhibitory kinetic assay suggested that biruloquinone is a mixed-II inhibitor on AChE. Meanwhile, biruloquinone improved the viability of the $H_2O_2$- and ${\beta}$-amyloid-injured PC12 cells at 1 to 25 ${\mu}g/ml$. The protective effects are proposed to be related to the potent antioxidant activities of biruloquinone. These results imply that biruloquinone has the potential to be developed as a multifunctional anti- AD agent.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.435-443
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate eco-friendly measures to manage major diseases which cause heavy economic damages to ginseng. Morphological, physicochemical, and molecular biological species identification was carried out after isolating useful antagonistic bacteria from ginseng fields. In addition, optimal conditions for mass culture were established, and he efficacy of the bacteria in the prevention of the diseases was verified in the field. The results showed that about 150 bacteria were extracted from 150 ginseng fields in the whole county. Among them, B. pyrrocinia LA101 was finally selected, which had a strong antagonistic potency against Alternaria panax, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Cylindrocarpon destructans on agar media. The B. pyrrocinia LA101 is a baculiform gram-negative bacterium identified as Burkholderia pyrrocinia according to results from an API(Analytical Profile Index) kit, 16S rRNA, and gyrase gene sequencing analysis. It was donated to the microbe bank of the Agricultural Genetic Resources Center at the National Academy of Agriculture Science under the Rural Development Administration on September 28, 2011 (Donation No. KACC91663P). A patent for the mass culture technology was granted in August 2012 (Patent No. 10-1175532).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.433-438
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• 2021

Polyethylene is widely used as an agricultural film, but eco-friendly technology is lacking for its decomposition. Thus, recently, much attention has been paid to develop a technology for biological polyethylene decomposition. It has been expected that several oxidation steps will be required in the biological degradation of polyethylene. First, secondary alcohol is formed on the polyethylene chain, and then the alcohol is oxidized to a carbonyl group. In the subsequent process, the carbonyl group is converted to an ester by Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO), and this ester bond is expected to be cleaved by lipase and esterase in the final step. In this work, we reviewed BVMO as one of the promising enzymes for polyethylene decomposition, in terms of its reaction mechanism, classification, and engineering. In addition, we also give a brief perspective on polyethylene decomposition using BVMO.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2021

Saemangeum Development is the largest national project in South Korea, which has been developed for an agricultural, economic and tourist area for 30 years from 1987. In order to convert power sources that used to depend on nuclear and thermal power to eco-friendly for carbon reduction, the government plans to construct a 2.1GW floating photovoltaic project by investing 4.6 trillion won, as a public-private project. For success of the Saemangeum floating photovoltaic project, economic feasibility should be checked. This study defined the factors (construction cost, electricity selling price, power generation and maintenance cost) that give a effect to the volatility of the floating photovoltaic payoffs, and analyzed the volatility of payoffs during 20 years operation period. NPV and option value of the project were calculated by applying an option to abandon. According to NPV analysis, it is determined that projects are difficult to invest. But this project has economic feasibility through real options analysis. This study is expected to help decision-makers in the economic analysis of floating photovoltaic projects by using the real options analysis.