• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2015

Ecological reservoir is a multifunctional space where provides the functions of retention, animal habitat and improvement of ecosystem health and landscape. The ecological reservoir of Anteo Eco Park located in Gwangmyeong-si has established to functions for water purification, maintenance of healthy aquatic ecosystem. Because the Anteo Eco Park is located in the site where nonpoint pollutant materials flow in, Anteo Eco Park has potential factors which aquatic ecosystem health deteriorates and damages the habitat of golden frog(Rana plancyi chosenica) which is restoration target species. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest the plan to manage the variables which impede the right functions of aquatic ecosystem by understanding the causal loop diagram for the change of water quality environment and the interaction of predator-prey through system thinking. The results are as follows. First, the study showed that the individual number of golden frog which is an indicator species of Anteo Eco Park is threatened by snakeheaded fish, which is an upper predator. Therefore, balanced food chain should be hold to protect golden frog by capturing the snakeheaded fish which is individual number's density is high, and the monitoring management of the individual number for predator(snakeheaded fish)-prey(golden frog) should be performed. Second, the study represented that water pollution and carnification is caused by the sediment as the dead body of the large emergent vegetation in the winter cumulates as sediment. Ecological reservoir in Anteo Eco Park has been managed by eliminating the dead body of the large emergent vegetation, but the guideline for the proper density maintenance of vegetation community is additionally needed. Lastly, the study showed that aquatic ecosystem of Anteo Eco Park where is contaminated from the inflow of nonpoint pollutants affects the individual number's decline of golden frog and snakeheaded fish. Accordingly, the creation of a buffer area and a substitution wetland is needed in the periphery of the Anteo Eco Park to control the inflow of nonpoint pollutants including organic matters, nutrients and heavy metals. This study will be helpful that Anteo Eco Park improves the regional landscape and maintain healthy aquatic ecosystem space for the park visitors including local residents.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 2010

Ecological villages should be designed not only for simply reducing environmental impact such as energy saving and alternative energy use, resource conservation and circulation, harmony with surrounding environment and nature, but also for encouraging social contact and community activities with the residents, especially the aged people. The aim of this paper is to find the ecological and social design elements for the ecological village planning derived through case studies. The case studies are selected from the environmental Co-housings in Western America, surveyed in the years of 2008 and 2009. The results are as follows; 1. The ecological design elements, although there are some differences in size and type, were found to be basically applied in every ecological villages. 2. The community activities are actively conducted with the participation of the residents based on a variety of programs. The two main purposes of the community activities are strengthening the residents' familiarity with each other and the volunteer services to the local community where they belong.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-47
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the program development process of a nonformal environmental education(EE) program in detail. For the purpose, following research questions were answered in "the Nature School in the Forest" program in Eco-Club 1) What is the program development process? 2) What is the role of staffs, program developers, in the program development process? What are the meanings of their pedagogical approach? 3) With the findings of this study, how is the researcher able to develop ground theory for community-based nonformal EE, and to promote theoretical discussion for field improvement? The data were mainly gathered through participation observation and unstructured interview. And the data were analyzed by qualitative techniques such as clustering, factoring, noting pattern and themes, seeing plausibility, making metaphors, and building logical chain of evidence. The following conclusion comes out of the findings of this study. "The Nature School in the Forest" program is a educational device which the community-based NGO chose as a strategy to change individuals and community with its ideological purpose. And the program development process was the contiuous group decision-making process among staffs and volunteers. Consequently "the Nature School in the Forest" program is a circulated process of the voluntary activists training and their participation in program operation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.6 s.113
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• pp.78-89
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• 2006

This study was conducted to analyze the planting structure and ecological characteristics of greon spaces on the grounds of e Dangjin steam power plant. To achieve these goals, we surveyed existing vegetation, plant community structure, Plant volume and growth rate. Based on e vegetation analysis, existing vegetation was classified into six types: herbaceous species $(70.54\%)$, evergreen coniferous trees $(21.17\%)$, deciduous broad-leaved trees $(5.10\%)$, deciduous coniferous trees $(1.47\%)$, shrubs $(0.12\%)$, and other types $(1.59\%)$. The coal storage, office, and playground areas were community is the natural forest area where a Pinus thunbergii / Pinus densiflora community is distributed in terms of vegetation structure, species diversity, plant volume, and growth rate. The artificial green spaces(near the coal storage, office, playground areas) had a single-layer structure. Species diversity indices of the artificial green areas were $0.1655\~0.4807$ compared to 0.8628 in the natural forest, which presented a good growth environment. Also, the plant volume in the artificial green space was lower than that of the natural green space. Therefore, it would be desirable to develope a multi-layer structure similar to that of the vegetation in the natural green space in order to improve the amount of plant volume. The plant-damage ratio of Pinus thunbergii was $52.48\%$ in the coal storage area, and $8.48\~ 11.52\%$, in the other survey areas. Also, the vitality of Pinus thunbergii was $15.45k{\Omega}$ in the coal storage areas, which indicates bad growing conditions. This suggests that soil characteristics and dust have a bad impact on growth. The investigation into deciduous tres' growth status showed that appropriate plants would be Albizzia julibrissin, Acer palmatum var. sanguineum, Acer palmatum, Malus spp., Prunus sargentii.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.289-295
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• 2016

Study on characteristics of the molluscan community structure and relationship between the structure and environmental variables in the abyssal plain of the East Sea was carried out for 5 years, starting from 2009 until the end of 2015 except 2010 and 2011. The water depth at the study site is approximately 1,600 m at minimum, and maximum depth of 2,000 m and a total of 16 molluscan species including Aplacophora, Gastropoda and Bivalvia were observed. Species with the highest biomass was Thyasira tokunagai, followed by Yoldiella philippiana which were observed at 9 sampling stations every year. Among 4 sampling stations having various depths (1,600/ 1,700/ 1,800/ 2,000 m), the highest diversity for species was observed at water depths of 1,600 m and 1,700 m, but found the lowest at 1,800 m. Both abundance and biomass were found to be negative correlations with water depth (p < 0.05), however, showed a positive correlation with the concentrations of organic matters (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). However, it is interesting to note that both Thyasira tokunagai (biomass, 82.6%; abundance, 44.1%) and Yoldiella philippiana (biomass, 15.9%; abundance, 4.7%) did not show distinctive correlations with water depth as well as concentrations of organic matters (p > 0.05). Therefore, it could be concluded that community structure of both Thyasira tokunagai and Yoldiella philippiana did not appear to be affected by water depth and concentrations of organic matters but geographical characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.429-440
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• 2021

Objectives: Standardized guidelines and reference points for a food security policy are necessary to guarantee that basic social safety nets work properly. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the basic concepts and detailed dimensions of food security, including the potential relevant indicators, and sought to establish standardized well-being baselines. Methods: A literature review and 14 expert roundtable discussions were carried out to analyze and extract the key concepts of food security. After determining these concepts and detailed dimensions of food security, a conceptual framework was modeled. Then, indicators for each local government that could be monitored and evaluated for each sub-area were suggested. Results: The concept of food security was defined as follows: Individuals should be provided with sufficient, safe, and quality food, which should be accessible to the community and available for use to achieve health and well-being. In addition, food security should be ensured sustainably in a changing environment. Four dimensions were suggested while conceptualizing food security. First, sufficient food, which means sufficient food supply in quantity, quality, and safety. Second, equitable food which includes creating environments in which high-quality and safe food can be purchased at an appropriate price and can be provided regardless of the socioeconomic gap. Third, healthy food which should be provided to promote people's health and happiness through the eco-friendly consumption of food. Fourth, sustainable food, which can be supplied in a sustainable manner and as part of an eco-friendly food system that considers the conservation of natural environments. Conclusions: The basic concepts and detailed areas of food security including the potential indicators proposed in this study, may be useful for developing and implementing various policies and programs to support food and nutrition security in the future.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2013

The underground space of urban entertainment center can do various roles for urban development. Especially, the design of underground space using natural elements is necessary to sustainable development of facilities. The purpose of this study is to propose the elements, characteristics and application around interior environmental design using natural elements in underground space of urban entertainment center. The research methods of this study are research references, survey and field-study. This study can be concluded as follows; First, the factors of interior environmental design using natural elements in underground space of urban entertainment center are 'landmarks expression of natural elements', 'introduction and planning of daylighting', 'planning of materials using natural images', 'planning of ecological footpath' and 'planning of energy recycling'. Second, pedestrian space and openspace considering regional context are necessary. Third, introduction of daylight and design of artificial lighting in underground space are needed to making eco-friendly environment. Fourth, landmark design using various natural elements in underground space is needed to provide eco-friendly amenity. Fifth, the interior environmental design using natural elements is needed to community space in underground space. Sixth, eco-friendly pedestrian space in underground space is necessary. Seventh, interior environmental design using natural elements is needed to the entrance of underground space of urban entertainment center.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.158-166
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to suggest a direction for eco-friendly healing space design for healthcare facilities in the future. Theoretical review and case study on the concept of sustainable design, spatial expression and behavioral affordance were used as research method. Through these reviews, the 3 elements of the total healing environment -physical, psychological and social- have correspondence with elements of spatial expression; Refuge, Flow, Prospect and Void. And these are related to the eight kinds of Behavioral affordance which are subdivided into WORK&STUDY, REST, CIRCULATION, VISUAL SEQUENCE, SOCIAL EXCHANGE, REFRESHMENT, COMMUNITY and MEDITATION. And the concept of sustainable design consists of 6 principles ; Natural system, People, Place, The cycle of life, Energy & natural resources and Process. Through correlation analysis of behavioral affordance and 6 principles, the result of this study presents that the physical elements of the total healing space was mainly associated with the principles of people, place and the cycle of life. Psychological element was related to principle of natural system, human, place and process. And social element was associated with the principles of human, place and process. According to this analysis, the case study of four low-rise eco-friendly medical facilities was undertaken. Sustainability was evaluated in total healing environmental through this case study.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.961-981
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• 2011

This study selected Joongchon Village in Gimje-si as a target, in order to apply green village design regarding regional circumstances and features within the local government, in making green village as an efficient scheme in aspect of locality for 'Low Carbon, Green Growth'. Subsequently, we conducted survey and analysis. Natural circulation-based green village of Joongchon Village in Gimje-si is a low carbon green village, based upon eco-friendly cattle shed. Even though it is the fact that the initial costs of an eco-friendly cattle shed are rather high, it is the long-term low carbon green technology that can transform livestock night soils into resources, provide them to agricultural farms, independently supply energies from by-product, and produce energies additionally. Therefore, Joongchon Village in Gimje-si is the good example of green village, applying the design which actively utilizes discharged by-product from cattle shed, so natural circulation and energy production are able as an eco-friendly green technology.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2016

This study analyses characteristics of space to facilitate community centering on cases of collective houses in Japan and uses the results as basic data to activate collective houses as an alternative form of housing in our country. To identify the characteristics of space for active communities with collective living space, this study conducted a theoretical examination on collective houses and housing, derived territoriality, accessibility, comfort and safety as factors of community activation and analysed various cases, and the results are presented as follows: First, territoriality is a necessary condition for formation of community, and a confined and physical space. It indicates the proper size of a space and diverse spacial areas which meet the needs of residents with the proper size and amount of space (space which can accommodate diverse generations including women, the aged and the young, flexible space which changes according to the purposes and program, space which supports leisure and hobby activities, and space which can accommodate outsiders). Second, accessibility indicates an environment which supports residents' easy use of space. As the more accessible it is, the higher the frequency of its use, spatial factors (piloti, backyards, benches and tables) should be provided, community space should be arranged in a central or decentralized way and community living space should be made for each floor. As for exits, accessibility should be considered in every way; entrances connected with community spaces, open entrances and entrances accessible from outside or individual living spaces. Third, comfort satisfies the physical and mental needs of residents through separation of floors and flows between the community and individual spaces for privacy and formation of eco-friendly spaces including vegetable gardens, gardens and plant arrangements. Fourth, safety should be considered for a higher quality environment with psychological stability and comfort, for which the following are recommended: installation of hand-rails, removal of thresholds, spacial design for the socially weak, duplex and open type structures for community space, open stages and halls, as well as indoor and outdoor openness through the use of windows.