• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2014

언더레이 프로토콜은 2차 시스템이나 인지된 사용자가 1차 사용자의 품질 저하 없이 동일한 주파수를 사용하는 인지 기술이다. 또한, 무선 환경의 중계 특성으로 인해, 몇몇 노드는 도청 노드라고 불리며, 다른 통신 링크를 위한 정보를 수신한다. 이러한 이유로, 물리 계층의 보안은 도청의 발생을 막기 위해 보안 성취율을 고려하여 응용된다. 본 논문에서는, 물리 계층 보안과 간섭 제약 환경에서 증폭 후 전송 기법의 성능을 협력 통신 노드를 이용하여 분석한다. 이 모델에서, 중계기는 송신단에서 수신단으로의 신호 전송을 돕기 위해 증폭 후 전송 기법을 사용한다. 우수한 중계기는 기회주의적 중계기 선택 기법으로 선정되며, 단 대 단 보안 성취율을 기초로 한다. 시스템 성능은 보안 성취율의 정전 확률로 평가된다. 정전 확률의 상향, 하향 한계는 국제 통계 채널 상태 정보(CSI)에 기초하며, 또한, 닫힌계로 유도한다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 인지 네트워크는 1차 사용자로부터 충분히 멀 때, 중계기에서 도청 노드까지의 거리가 중계기에서 수신단까지의 거리보다 큰 경우 시스템 성능이 향상된 것을 보여준다.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.200-209
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• 2017

In this paper, we investigate the tradeoff between security and reliability for a multi-hop protocol in cluster-based underlay cognitive radio networks. In the proposed protocol, a secondary source communicates with a secondary destination via the multi-hop relay method in the presence of a secondary eavesdropper. To enhance system performance under the joint impact of interference constraint required by multiple primary users and hardware impairments, the best relay node is selected at each hop to relay the source data to the destination. Moreover, the destination is equipped with multiple antennas and employs a selection combining (SC) technique to combine the received data. We derive closed-form expressions of the intercept probability (IP) for the eavesdropping links and the outage probability (OP) for the data links over a Rayleigh fading channel. Finally, the correction of our derivations is verified by Monte-Carlo simulations.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2020

In an underlay cognitive simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) network, communication from secondary user (SU) to secondary destination (SD) is accomplished with decode-and-forward (DF) relays. Multiple energy-constrained relays are assumed to harvest energy from SU via power splitting (PS) protocol and complete SU secure information transmission with beamforming. Hence, physical layer security (PLS) is investigated in cognitive SWIPT network. In order to interfere with eavesdropper and improve relay's energy efficiency, a destination-assisted jamming scheme is proposed. Namely, SD transmits artificial noise (AN) to interfere with eavesdropping, while jamming signal can also provide harvested energy to relays. Beamforming vector and power splitting ratio are jointly optimized with the objective of SU secrecy capacity maximization. We solve this non-convex optimization problem via a general two-stage procedure. Firstly, we obtain the optimal beamforming vector through semi-definite relaxation (SDR) method with a fixed power splitting ratio. Secondly, the best power splitting ratio can be obtained by one-dimensional search. We provide simulation results to verify the proposed solution. Simulation results show that the scheme achieves the maximum SD secrecy rate with appropriate selection of power splitting ratio, and the proposed scheme guarantees security in cognitive SWIPT networks.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 다수의 중계기와 다수의 도청자가 존재하는 협력 재밍 네트워크를 다룬다. 다수의 중계기 중 하나의 중계기가 선택되어 증폭 후 재전송 기법으로 총 두 단계를 통해 수신기에 신호를 전송한다. 도청자의 신호 수신을 방해하기 위해 첫 번째 단계에서 수신기가 재밍 신호를 전송하며, 두 번째 단계에서 송신기가 재밍 신호를 전송한다. 이러한 시스템의 보안 전송률을 수식적으로 분석하며, 사용가능한 채널 정보에 따라 최적의 중계기 선택 기법을 각각 제시한다. 모의실험을 통해 제시한 중계기 선택 기법의 성능이 임의의 중계기 선택 기법에 비해 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2020

무선망에서 통신 경로상의 노드들은 데이터 전달 시마다 전자기적 신호를 방출하므로 일련의 발생 신호들을 포착하여 분석하면 해당 경로가 노출 및 탐지될 수 있다. 악의적 도청자에 대응하는 방법의 하나로는 특정 노드들로 하여금 더미(거짓) 패킷을 생성하도록 하여 마치 데이터 경로상의 노드들처럼 보이도록 하는 것이다. 이 논문에서는 근원지와 도착지 간에 최단 경로를 한 번에 설정하면서 더미 패킷의 과도한 생성을 억제하는 패킷 전송 프로토콜을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 통신 경로상의 노드 위치 기밀 수준을 검증한다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.457-463
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• 2013

In recent days, cooperative diversity and communication security become important research issues for wireless communications. In this paper, to achieve low probability of interception (LPI) and high throughput in the cooperative single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system, a new physical layer transmission scheme is proposed, where a new encryption algorithm is applied and adaptive modulation is further considered based on channel state information (CSI). By doing so, neither relay node nor eavesdropper can intercept the information signals transmitted from user terminal (UT). Simulation results show above new physical layer transmission scheme brings in high transmission safety and secrecy rate. Furthermore, by applying adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) technique according to CSI, transmission throughput can be increased significantly. Additionally, low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) characteristic can still be remained due to the uniform distribution of random coefficients used for encryption algorithm.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.4797-4813
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• 2018

The transform domain communication system (Hereinafter referred to as TDCS) takes on numerous advantages, inclusive of anti-jamming and low probability of detection. Yet its application is confined by the consistent spectrum in the transmitter and receiver, which is not possible in the case of a huge distance exsits between them. In this paper, a TDCS based modified weighted fractional fourier transform (WFRFT) is proposed to solve the problem resulting from spectrum mismatching for TDCS application. The amplitude and phase information are incorporated with the TDCS signals and transmit to the receiver together in the wake of a modified WFRFT. The basic function and the TDCS signals shall be accessible to the receivers in the wake of an inverse WFRFT transform, which make sure that the original information can be demodulated properly. The system's reliability while transmitting signals with different modulation methods and with spectrum mismatching is demonstrated by bit error rate (BER). In the meantime, the constellations of the signals and the BER performances at the eavesdropper demonstrate the proposed system is better secured.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.2246-2260
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• 2014

In this paper, a secure multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) scheme is proposed for the physical layer security (PLS) of the wireless communications. In the proposed scheme, each transmitted symbol's signal constellation (SC) is hopping with the control of two unique factors: amplitude distortion (AD) factor and phase hopping (PH) factor. With unknown the two factors, the eavesdropper cannot extract effective information from the received signal. We first introduce a security metric, referred to as secrecy gain, and drive a lower bound on the gain that the secrecy capacity can be improved. Then, we investigate the relationship among the secrecy gain, the signal to noise power ratios (SNRs) of the main and wiretap channels, and the secrecy capacity. Next, we analyze the security of the proposed scheme, and the results indicate that the secrecy capacity is improved by our scheme. Specifically, a positive secrecy capacity is always obtained, whether the quality of the main channel is better than that of the wiretap channel or not. Finally, the numerical results are provided to prove the analytical work, which further suggests the security of the proposed scheme.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.628-649
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• 2017

Security and resource-saving are both demands of the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. In this paper, we study the secrecy spectrum efficiency (SSE) and secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) of a K-tier massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) enabled heterogeneous cellular network (HetNet), in which artificial noise (AN) are employed for secrecy enhancement. Assuming (i) independent Poisson point process model for the locations of base stations (BSs) of each tier as well as that of eavesdroppers, (ii) zero-forcing precoding at the macrocell BSs (MBSs), and (iii) maximum average received power-based cell selection, the tractable lower bound expressions for SSE and SEE of massive MIMO enabled HetNets are derived. Then, the influences on secrecy oriented spectrum and energy efficiency performance caused by the power allocation for AN, transmit antenna number, number of users served by each MBS, and eavesdropper density are analyzed respectively. Moreover, the analysis accuracy is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.5610-5624
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• 2017

A novel scheme based on polarization modulation and the weighted fractional Fourier transform (PM-WFRFT) is proposed in this paper to enhance the physical layer security of dual-polarized satellite systems. This scheme utilizes the amplitude and phase of the carrier as information-bearing parameters to transmit the normal signal and conceals the confidential information in the carrier's polarization state (PS). After being processed by WFRFT, the characteristics of the transmit signal (including amplitude, phase and polarization state) vary randomly and in nearly Gaussian distribution. This makes the signal very difficult for an eavesdropper to recognize or capture. The WFRFT parameter is also encrypted by a pseudo-random sequence and updated in real time, which enhances its anti-interception performance. Furthermore, to prevent the polarization-based impairment to PM-WFRFT caused by depolarization in the wireless channel, two components of the polarized signal are transmitted respectively in two symbol periods; this prevents any mutual interference between the two orthogonally polarized components. Demodulation performance in the system was also assessed, then the proposed scheme was validated with a simulated dual-polarized satellite system.