• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to classify three-Kan hipped and gable-roofed Buddhist temples with the construction of their eave curve of part chunyeo and examine the characteristics and causes. The conclusions have been drawn as follows: First, there are largely three ways to secure symmetry in eave curve of part chunyeo. One is to obtain symmetry in eave curve of part chunyeo by making the size of eaves curves on well sides the same and forming symmetric curves in the front section along with the side roof and then forming the straight line in the central part (hereinafter referred to as the long straight line section method). The second is a method to enlarge eaves curves in the front and form eaves curves on the roof section to be symmetric (hereinafter referred to as the front is larger than side eaves curves method). The third is the method to make eaves curves in the roof section to be symmetric by adjusting the roof length and making difference between the front and side roof's length minimum (hereinafter referred to as the roof length-controlling method). Second, there are 16 cases applying two or more methods, and they are the mainstream. Third, there are 12 cases applying the front is larger than side eaves curve method and roof length-controlling method both, which seems to be the most universal. To sum up, they secured symmetry in roof edges considering the construction of seonjayeon and pyeongyeon according to the size of the structure, recognition on the directions of entrance into the area of the building, forms of planes, harmony with structures around, recognition on roof curves in accordance with the size, and also structural faults in the chunyeo part.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2020

In the ancient Buddhist temple area, various metal artifacts are still excavated. Therefore, the aim of this study is to approach the characteristics of ancient architecture through ancient metal artifacts. First, metal decoration of ancient architecture appears for the purpose of structure, decoration, arson. Then, as the method of wood structure is developed, the application is separated into structural, functional and decorative purposes. In ancient times, metal decoration has reduced the role of structure, but its decorative role has expanded. Second, various metallic ornaments were used on the roof of ancient architecture. As the wooden technology developed, the metal decoration was gradually omitted while applying the curve to the roof. Third, the metal ornaments used on the roof of ancient architectures include the ridge central decoration, roof top decoration, a nine-ring decoration, gable board Ornamental Metal, corner flower decoration, eaves nail, wind bell. And subsequent research requires a terminology that can link the results of archeology and Buddhist art through excavation as a result of architecture.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.39-49
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• 2017

It is difficult to build a hipped and gable roof in slender rectangular type due to restraint in variation of lateral length caused by gongpo arranged on the side, purlin space and the form of gable part and aesthetical effect of chunyeo maru. Against this backdrop and with the assumption that this phenomenon is more apparent in roofs of three-bay-kan Buddhist temples with the hipped and gable roof among national treasure Buddhist temples, this study has aimed to prove that a roof can be built in a less slender rectangular type than that of flat form and to present the building methodology and found the following findings. First, The ratio of lateral to longitudinal length of the roof has been adjusted by protruding the chunyeo and the method of adjusting the ratio of lateral to longitudinal length of the roof is considered to be determined depending on the availability of woods to be used in chunyeo. Second, in order to symmetrically arrange the edge of the roof, which is critical from the perspective of construction morphology, the chunyeo angle has been intentionally adjusted to reduce the gap of length between the front roof and the lateral roof. To sum up, the characteristic of the hipped and gable roof, which is difficult to be built in slender rectangular type, is more clearly shown in the roof and it is identified that the length of the front roof and the lateral roof has been intentionally adjusted to achieve the symmetrical arrangement of roofline of the roof edge.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.171-186
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to find out the recent trends of hanok design based on 58 hanoks appeared in architecture magazines in the last 10 years. The cases are analyzed in terms of location, size, building form, spatial organization, material, roof form, and the ceiling form of living room. The consequences of this study is as follows; Most of the recent hanoks are built in rural area (91.4%), which shows the hanok is not accepted as an urban house type. Hanoks tend to be built in 2 stories whose 2nd floor is smaller than the 1st floor. (34.5%) The preferred size is total floor area of $99.2{\sim}165.2m^2$ (62.0%), 3 rooms (46.6%) with a traditional ondol room (60.3%). The buildings with ㄱ-shape (43.1%) and linear-shape (27.6%) are preferred, and the compact plan type similar with apartment house appears (13.8%). In the roof design that greatly influences the appearance of building, the traditional design factors such as half-hipped roof (55.2%), double eaves (27.6%), and eaves curve tend to be sustained. In terms of spatial organization, most of recent hanoks have double-layed plan (74.2%). The living room mostly has separately defined space. (82.8%) The indoor and outdoor tend to be connected by a narrow wooden veranda (39.7%), while some cases don't have any wooden floor space (48.3%). The entrance is adopted as an important spatial element in front part of building (75.9%), and it influences the appearance of building. The living room, the counterpart of the wooden floor hall in traditional hanok, and kitchen tend to be interiorized. In terms of material, the cement roof tile and red clay brick are preferred. Consequently, the walls of recent hanoks have the image of brick structure rather than the wooden frame structure of traditonal hanok.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.90-105
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• 2021

The shape of the roof is very important, as it determines the beauty of the exterior of Korean wooden architecture. In particular, the curve of the eaves is the most representative of the characteristics of Korean wooden architecture. Rafters and buyeon (浮椽), flying rafters, create curves for the eaves, and buyeon in particular makes the roof lighter and more dynamic. Although the function and role of buyeon are already known, nothing is yet clear about the beginning of its use in Korean ancient architecture. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to determine when buyeon was first used in Korean architecture. To this end, I examined various records, buildings, remains, and artifacts that have architectural shapes in Korea, China, and Japan. The results are summarized as follows. First, the use of buyeon in China appears during the Northern Qi Dynasty (北齊) in the mid-6th century, but became common in the 7th century during the Tang (唐) Dynasty. Second, the use buyeon in Japan appears in the mid-8th century, when the capital was relocated from Asuka (飛鳥) to Nara (奈良). It corresponds with the time that Japan began importing Chinese culture directly. Third, the use of buyeon in Korea may have been introduced to Baekje from China in the mid-6th century, but it was not common. It is believed that it became common after active exchanges with the Tang Dynasty during the Unified Silla Period in the mid-7th century.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.10-20
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• 2003

The object of this research is to develop the designs with aesthetics and function for making the uniforms of specialty restaurants of Korean dishes in pursuit of the image of excellent dignity and its result is as follows: As for designs, this research chose the traditional image as the basic concept and made visual Korean lines, colors, and patterns. As for lines, it made visual the curve of the eaves, the straight line of polls, and the fret of windows and doors represented in architecture and applied them, as for color tones, it chose traditional 'Obangsaek', five direction colors. As for the patterns, it symbolized 4 trigrams( Geon, Gon, Gam, and Yi), the cloud pattern, also it tried to get the formative beauty from traditional patchwork wrapping cloth and windows and doors. The expectant effects on the design of Uniform are as follows: First, it offered basic clothes for male and female employees working in the hall and suggested two kinds of skirt and pants for the latter. It tried to find out both the function of pants and the female beauty of skirts by wrapping on pants to eliminate the feeling of rejection towards the style of them, the use of which have been recognized for man only in spite of many merits of them. Second, it sought for the characteristics of shape on collar, breast-tie, and fold etc. of Korean clothes and designed clothes according to each employee's role and finally emphasized their traditional aesthetics.