• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1993

제주산 금감을 소재로 원료특성, 냉동금감의 기호성, 금감잼 등의 가공식품의 제조와 특성 등을 검토하였다. 시설재배한 영파금감은 과실의 청경이 29.5 mm, 과중이 16.10g, 껍질의 두께가 4.63 mm, 단산비가 20으로서 생식용 및 가공용 금감으로서 우수하였다. 유기산 함량은 citric acid 58.27%, malic acid 32.49%, tartaric acid 9.14%, maleic acid 0.08%로서 malic acid 함량이 높아 온주밀감쥬스와는 매우 다른 특성을 나타내었다. $-18^{\circ}C$에서 6개월간 저장한 냉동금감에 대한 기호성에서 외관, 맛, 물성 모두 보통 이상으로 평가되어 좋은 것으로 판단되었으며, 냉동금감의 비타민 C 함량은 74.94 mg/100g으로 법동기간 중에 초기에 감소하다가 후기에는 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. 오렌지쥬스만으로 제조한 잼의 경도는 1,294 g-force이며, 금감쥬스의 혼합비율이 높을수록 경도는 비례적으로 감소하였고 다른 texture parameter는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 관능검사 결과, 금감쥬스를 $40{\sim}60%$, 함유한 금감잼은 오렌지쥬스 만으로 제조한 잼에 비하여 기호성이 우수하였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.32-32
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• 2017

To increase rice production, manipulating plant architecture, especially developing new high-yielding cultivars with erect leaves, is crucial in rice breeding programs. Leaf inclination angle determines the light extinction coefficient (k) of the canopy. Erect leaves increase light penetration into the canopy and enable dense plantings with a high leaf area index, thus increasing biomass production and grain yield. Because of erect leaves, the high-yielding indica rice cultivar 'Takanari' has smaller k during ripening than 'Koshihikari', a japonica cultivar with good eating quality. In our previous study, using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from a cross between 'Takanari' and 'Koshihikari', we detected seven quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for leaf inclination angle on chromosomes 1 (two QTLs), 2, 3, 4, 7, and 12. In this study, we developed a near-isogenic line (NIL-3) carrying a 'Takanari' allele for increased leaf inclination angle on chromosome 3 in the 'Koshihikari' genetic background. We compared k, dry matter production, and grain yield of NIL-3 with those of 'Koshihikari' in the field from 2013 to 2016. NIL-3 had higher inclination angles of the flag, second, and third leaves at full heading and 3 (- 4) weeks after full heading and smaller k of the canopy at the ripening stage. Biomass at full heading and leaf area index at full heading and at harvest did not significantly differ between NIL-3 and 'Koshihikari'. However, biomass at harvest was significantly greater in NIL-3 than in 'Koshihikari' due to a higher net assimilation rate at the ripening stage. The photosynthetic rates of the flag and third leaves did not differ between NIL-3 and Koshihikari at ripening. Grain yield was higher in NIL-3 than 'Koshihikari'. Higher panicle number per square meter in NIL-3 contributed to the higher grain yield of NIL-3. We conclude that the QTL on chromosome 3 increases dry matter and grain production in rice by increasing leaf inclination angle.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.940-955
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree nutrient intake, health status and other characteristics of females aged 65 years and over in a longevity area according to family arrangement. For analysis, 585 female elderly were recruited from the Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as the longevity-belt region in Jeonla province, Korea. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to family arrangement (living alone, living with spouse only and living with family). Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, health status and health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, consumption frequency of food groups, nutrient intake and mini nutrition assessment. In the group living with their spouse only, the highest education, physical activity, diverse food intake, frequency of eating meats and fish, energy and nutrients intake, and score on the mininutrient status assessment (MNA) were found to be significantly favorable factors. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the group living with their spouse only had relatively superior nutrient intake and the quality of diet. In contrast, the group living alone showed the lowest self-rated economic status, diversity of food intake, and physical activity, with the highest frequency of drinking, smoking and regular exercise for almost everyday compared with the other groups. On the other hand, those living with family demonstrated the lowest intake of supplements or functional foods, and levels of hemoglobin hematocrit MCH, but the highest HBA1c and blood sugar. Therefore, the group living with family was assumed to be at risk of anemia and diabetes. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy of Korean elderly people living in rural areas, according to family arrangement.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.463-471
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• 2014

Yetgangjeong is a traditional Korean rice cookie which used rice syrup (Chocheong) to bind fried rice grains. Brown waxy rice and binders prepared using different sugar types and end heating temperatures were assessed to improve the textural properties and functionality and to promote global consumption. Binder was made by mixing different ratios of starch syrup, rice syrup, honey, sugar, and trehalose, and the binder mixture was heated up to a temperature of $100^{\circ}C$ or $105^{\circ}C$. Specific electrical conductivity of binder containing ST (starch syrup and trehalose) showed the lowest values (9.51 and 9.77), and binders containing the rice syrup showed increased values for specific electrical conductivity. The fructose content was higher in the binder mixture containing C (starch syrup and sugar) than in the binder mixture containing ST, but it did not affect the end temperature. Viscosity of the binder was 123.90-175.20 cP and the binder showed higher viscosity at the end heating temperature (EHT) of $100^{\circ}C$ compared at EHT of $105^{\circ}C$. The fracturability of brown rice yetgangjeong prepared using different sugar types was higher at EHT of $100^{\circ}C$ than at that of $105^{\circ}C$ and it was reduced with an increase in the rice syrup content. However, the hardness of yetgangjeong was lower at $100^{\circ}C$, unlike fracturability. With respect to sensory evaluation, its moistness and stickiness decreased, but the crunchiness increased with addition of trehalose instead of sucrose. The overall eating quality score of yetgangjeong was higher at EHT of $105^{\circ}C$ than at that of $100^{\circ}C$ in every experiment and the highest score was found for SHT (starch syrup, honey and trehalose) with 20% rice syrup at EHT of $105^{\circ}C$ (20%RSHT105 (starch syrup, honey, and trehalose containing 20% rice syrup)).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.963-969
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 국내 주요 벼 품종들 중 일부 품종들에 대하여 현미와 발아현미에 대한 품질 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 조사되어진 품종들의 발아율은 96.0% 이상이었으며 단백질 함량은 현미 청해진미가 9.48%로서 가장 높았으며 조사되어진 현미와 발아현미 품종들의 식이섬유 함량은 각각 6.67~7.82%와 7.15~9.91% 수준이었다. 아밀로스 함량은 해오르미를 제외하고는 현미보다 발아현미에서 높았다. RVA 측정 결과, 호화온도는 거의 비슷한 온도($67.97{\sim}68.03^{\circ}C$)이었으며 최고점도는 현미 세계진미로서 204.92 RVU로 가장 높은 수치를 보였다. 강하점도의 경우 발아현미 영호진미로서 9.36 RVU로 가장 낮게 측정되어 가공시 안정도가 높을 것으로 사료된다. 치반점도는 현미 영호진미로서 15.80 RVU로서 조사되어진 품종들 중 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 품종별 식감변화를 보면 세계진미와 청해진미는 현미와 발아현미의 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 영호진미와 해오르미는 발아현미밥에서 찰기와 부착성이 증대되어 전반적으로 부드러워지는 경향을 나타내었다. 특히 영호진미는 경도와 끈기가 감소하여 부드러워지고 찰기와 부착성이 상대적으로 많이 증가되어 식감이 향상되는 결과를 나타내어 발아현미용으로 적합할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.278-287
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diet plays an important role in growth and development of children. However, dietary intakes of children living in either rural or urban areas can be influenced by household income. This cross-sectional study examined energy, nutrient and food group intakes of 749 urban children (1-10 years old) by household income status. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Children's dietary intakes were obtained using food recall and record for two days. Diet adequacy was assessed based on recommended intakes of energy and nutrients and food group servings. RESULTS: For toddlers, all nutrients except dietary fiber (5.5 g) exceeded recommended intakes. Among older children (preschoolers and school children), calcium (548 mg, 435 mg) and dietary fiber (7.4 g, 9.4 g) did not meet recommendations while percentage of energy from total fat and saturated fats exceeded 30% and 10%, respectively. The mean sodium intakes of preschoolers (1,684 mg) and school children (2,000 mg) were relatively high. Toddlers in all income groups had similar energy and nutrient intakes and percentages meeting the recommended intakes. However, low income older children had lowest intakes of energy (P < 0.05) and most nutrients (P < 0.05) and highest proportions that did not meet recommended energy and nutrient intakes. For all food groups, except milk and dairy products, all age groups had mean intakes below the recommended servings. Compared to middle and high income groups, low income preschoolers had the lowest mean intake of fruits (0.07 serving), meat/poultry (0.78 serving) and milk/dairy products (1.14 serving) while low income toddlers and school children had the least mean intake of fruits (0.09 serving) and milk/dairy products (0.54 serving), respectively. CONCLUSION: Low socioeconomic status, as indicated by low household income, could limit access to adequate diets, particularly for older children. Parents and caregivers may need dietary guidance to ensure adequate quantity and quality of home food supply and foster healthy eating habits in children.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.123-139
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to search how to promote health and improve nutrition and health care of the elderly people in rural area. Behaviors for health promotion and habits against health risk were surveyed. Dietary management was analyzed for surveyed nutrient intake by 24 hr -recall method. 242 subjects were collected in 12 cities or counties in Gyeonggi Province and 20 elderly people (10 male and 10 female) were selected out of 1 village in each district. Questionnaire for health behavior and dietary management was carried out by trained interviewers. Statistical analyses were made by SAS (version 8.1) and Chi-square tests and General Linear Models were used. Characteristics of the elderly people were 61-74 year-olds (68.2%), elementary school educated (78.4%), with spouse (51.7%), monthly living cost of 500-1,000 thousand won(43.4%), and monthly pocket money of 50-100 or 100-200 thousand won(33.5%, 26.5%). 41.4% of the subjects checked up medical examination regularly. The alcohol drinking status was significantly different according to gender: high no-drink rate of female (52.5%) and low no-drink rate of male (25.6%). Kinds of disease were different according to gender: higher proportion of cardiovascular disease(46.3%) and diabetes mellitus(8.1 %) in male and joint lumbago neuralgia(44.4%) and osteoporosis(8.6%) in female. Gastrointestinal complaints were nausea (69.0%) and chronic indigestion (17.8%). Constipation (12.0%) and vomiting (4.3%) were more frequent in female. Dietary management was good (3 meals per day: 93.4%., dining with family: 72.4%, regular mealtime: 72.4%, and 3-4 times of snacks per week: 44.9%) except side dish taking of 3-4 kinds only. However, almost one-third of the female elderly ate alone (30.6%) which was well compared with one-fifth of the male (19.7%). And food and nutrients intake were not significantly different according to gender except that male elderly's intake of energy and protein was lower than that of female's. The surveyed subjects had no difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), but some female elderly had some difficulties with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) like working at home, using transport, and going shopping. These results suggest that low quality of life linked with low economic status of the rural elderly and that congregate meal at village hall would be required for the female elderly eating alone. For the undernourished male elderly, it would be needed to provide snacks and to establish nutrition and health surveillance system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1755-1760
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• 2006

Studies were carried out at the National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, India to determine the effect of feeding chopped paddy straw (Oryza sativa) on the energy expenditure in crossbred cattle. Four crossbred cattle male, aged 5-6 years and weighing about 450 kg were used for this study. Three experimental trials, one each for the feeding of un-chopped paddy straw offered ad libitum (UCA), chopped paddy straw fed at restricted level (CR) and chopped paddy straw offered ad libitum (CA) were conducted. The quantity of un-chopped paddy straw consumed during UCA was assumed as the voluntary intake by the cattle and the same quantity was offered after chopping during CR. Each trial comprised of 21 d preliminary feeding period and 5 d of observation recording period. Expired gas was collected in Douglas bags using a face-mask and three-way valve at 6 hourly intervals i.e., at 09.30, 15.30, 21.30, and 03.30 h throughout the observation period. Expired gas and ambient air inspired by the animals were analyzed for the oxygen content through paramagnetic oxygen analyzer. Energy expenditure (EE) by the animals was calculated by determining the volume of oxygen consumed per minute (STP) and multiplying by 4.825. Paddy straw used in all the three trials contained (g/kg DM) 90.0 CP, 786 OM, 700 NDF, 489 ADF, 357 Cellulose and 60.0 ADL. Metabolizable energy (ME) was 6.9 MJ/kg DM. Dry matter intake (DMI) both in UCA and CR was about 6.8 kg, except that it was chopped in CR. Chopping has resulted in 32% improvement (9 kg) in DMI of CA as compared to that of UCA. Although ME intake was similar in UCA and CR (47.2 MJ/day), energy expenditure (EE) was higher in UCA (23.3 MJ) when compared to that of CR (19.5 MJ). The ME intake (63.3 MJ) as well as EE (27.1 MJ) was highest in CA. Energy expenditure when expressed as MJ/kg DMI was 3.48, 2.90 and 3.12; whereas as per cent of ME intake it was 50, 41 and 44 in UCA, CR and CA respectively. Our study has unequivocally confirmed that chopping of poor quality roughages like paddy straw has definite advantages not only in terms of improving the intake by decreasing the time taken for ingestion but also in reducing the energy cost of eating.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2002

Introduction : Exercise has been suggested as an important nursing strategy in which to help elderly maintain functional performance and to enhanced quality of life. Most of exercise study has been reported on fitness exercise such as walking, swimming, dance etc for health of elderly. There have been few reports about exercise on the promotion of small and fine movement of elderly. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine an effect of 6 weeks hand and finger exercise in home to improve hand muscle strength such as grip strength and finger pinch pressure. Materials and Methods Design: This pilot study was used one group pre and post-test design. Sample: Twelve elderly women above 60 years of age or older living in community were selected by convenient sampling. Procedure: Signed informed consent was obtained prior to participate in this study. The authors met elderly and taught hand and finger exercise, daily a week for 6 weeks, within 30 minutes per session. But exercise frequency and strength were not same. Instruments: Left and right grip strength were measured by Bulb Dynamometer(made in USA) and left and right pinch pressure were measured by Baseline Hydraulic Pinch Gauge(made in USA). Data analysis: Discriptive data analyses were performed on all variables. Wilcoxon matched-pairs Signed-Ranks test were used to find difference of grip strength and pinch pressure between pre and post exercise using SPSS 10.0 for Window. Results: Samples age ranged from 60 to 73, Mean age was 65.3. All were women. Ten elderly were diagnosed osteoarthritis and one had DM. After six weeks hand and finger exercise, Left and right grip strength were higher than those of before exercise(Z=-2.667, P<0.01 ; Z=-3.065, p<0.01). And left pinch pressure after hand and linger exercise were higher than that of before pinch pressure (Z=-2.315, p<0.05). But Right pinch pressure was not shown significant change(Z=-1.099, p>0.05). Conclusions: Although this study was limited by the sample size and design, the findings provide some important implications for community based exercise nursing intervention. Short term (six weeks) exercise of hand and linger is shown to be useful as nursing intervention to maintain routine daily activities such as eating, writing, grip something for elderly.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1995

밥의 식미가 다른 일반계와 통일계 쌀을 대상으로 아밀로펙틴과 그 베타-한계덱스트린의 분자구조적 특성을 조사하고 밥의 텍스쳐와의 관련성을 검토하였다. 쌀 전분의 아밀로펙틴 분자구조는, 아밀로펙틴과 베타-한계 덱스트린의 사슬분포로 보아, $\overline{DP}$ 12.4의 A 사슬, $\overline{DP}$ 20.6의 짧은 B 사슬, $\overline{DP}$ 26.3의 중간 B 사슬, $\overline{DP}$ 45의 긴 B 사슬과 $\overline{DP}$ 55 이상의 초장쇄로 이루어진 polymodal이었다. 아밀로펙틴의 초장쇄는 긴 직쇄를 가진 사슬로서 아밀로펙틴의 평균 사슬길이, 고유점도, 베타-아밀라아제 분해한도와 정의 상관을 보이나 요오드 복합체의 최대흡수파장과는 부의 상관을 보였다. 아밀로펙틴과 베타-한계 덱스트린의 분자구조적 성질은 일반계와 통일계 쌀 시료간 차이를 보였다. 아밀로펙틴의 A 사슬에 대한 B 사슬의 비율은 일반계가 통일계 보다 약간 높았으나 초장쇄의 분포 비율은 일반계가 통일계 보다 더 낮았다. 아밀로펙틴의 분자구조와 밥의 텍스쳐와의 관계에서, 고유점도, 베타-아밀라아제 분해한도와 사슬길이 그러고 초장쇄는 밥의 경도와 정의 상관을, 부착성과는 부의 상관을 보였다. 따라서 밥의 식감은 아밀로펙틴의 긴 사슬이 적고 짧은 사슬이 많이 분포할 수록, 밥의 경도가 낮고 부착성이 높았다. 이러한 결과는 아밀로펙틴의 분자구조가 밥의 텍스쳐와 밀접한 관계가 없음을 나타내고 있다.