• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.1190-1194
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• 2001

TOPEX/POSEIDON(T/P) 위성의 7년 간 고도계자료를 사용하여 동북아시아지역에서의 해수면 순환과 해수면 변화에 대하여 연구하였다. 헌장 조위자료와 고도계자료간의 비교에서, 고도계에 포함되어 있는 60일의 tidal aliasing(M$_2$ 및 S$_2$의 해양조석 성분)의 영향을 제거한 후 순수 해수면 성분을 구하였다. 해수면 변동을 보면 쿠로시오 해류가 사행을 하면서 강하게 흘러가는 일본 동남부해역에서 뚜렷한 와류의 형성과 함께 높은 해수면 변화 값을 보였다. 이것은 쿠로시오의 확장과 해저지형의 영향과 기인하다. 평균해수면은 황해 및 동해에 비해서 북태평양해역에서 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.191-201
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• 1997

To test the roles of NO$_3^-$ concentration and light as controlling factors of NO$_3^-$ uptake in the NO$_3^-$-low and -high environments and to assess the significance of night-time nitrogen (N) uptake in estimating the daily N uptake rate, 2 diel studies of N uptake were conducted in NO$_3^-$-low (the eastern part of the Yellow Sea) and NO$_3^-$-high (the marginal ice zone of the northwestern Weddell Sea) environments on June 14 to 15, 1996 and January 15 to 16, 1995, respectively. Ourobservations confirmed that NO$_3\;^-$ uptake by phytoplankton is mainly determined by ambient NO$_3^-$ concentration in NO$_3^-$-low environment and by light in NO$_3^-$-high environment, respectively, Our results suggest the need for diel studies to accurately estimate the daily N uptake rates and thus new and regenerated production because the daily rates calculated without considering the night-time N uptake would be significantly underestimated (up to 41%), particularly in the NO$_3^-$-low environment.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 1984

$1982{\sim}83$년과 $1966{\sim}70$년의 해양관측자료를 사용하여 하계 우리나라 서해 연안에서 형성되는 조석전선의 형성원인과 그 위치 및 구조를 조사하였다. 하계에 형성되는 전선은 조류에 의한 해저 난류로 연직혼합이 일어나는 곳과 외해와의 경계성이며, 그 위치는 수온, 염분, 용존산소의 수평경도와 수색 및 투명도로써 조사한 결과, G선($35^{\circ}31^'N$)과 S선($35^{\circ}25^'N$)의 연안에서 약 20mile 떨어진 해역이었다. 성층상태를 고려한 위치에너지는 V=10 $Joule/m^3$였으며, 수온, 염분, 용존산소와 수색 및 투명도로 조사한 전선의 위치는 이와 대체로 일치하였다. 따라서 이 역을 경계로 연안쪽은 물리, 화학적인 특성이 연직적으로 균일한 혼합층을 형성한다. 외해쪽에는 수면에서 약 $10{\sim}20m$까지 표면 혼합층, 약층, 그리고 저층 혼합층의 순으로 수괴의 구조가 형성되 어 있다. 동계에는 서해 전역이 표면냉각으로 인하여 전 해역에서 연직혼합이 일어나므로 하계의 구조와 같은 전선은 명확하게 형성되지 않는다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

The ships over the certain navigation area or her length are required to carry charts under the relevant laws. Charts are indispensible to the ships and fishing vessel, because their crew should know the water depth and location of obstacle in order to avoid danger in the navigation and fishing area. But it was found that many ships do not carry proper charts onboard according to the research marine accidents files of marine accident inquiry agency, and questionnaire survey. Consequently, many ships run aground on the coast and port. This study examined the present status of the coastal ship and the fishing vessels, and explained some problems in the aspect of the covering area, the place, the number of the selling agent and adjoining chart, as well as the geographical and traffic density, the crew on board the ship's characteristics, and so on. In this study we propose the way to solve the problem. firstly, the category of the fishing vessel which should carry the chart on bard under the related laws are required to be lowered to 10 gross tons. Besides a ship inspector should examine if the charts covering the area where to navigate even when the temporary inspection is done are carried on board property. Secondly, the inspection body or the controlling office of ship's entry and departure should check throughly whether the ships concerned carry the chart on board. Thirdly the fishing vessels should used the fishing charts, and the body concerned should train the offices about how to use chart, especiany the difference between Tokyo datum and WGS-84 datum. Fourthly the customized chart such as an atlas like a map, a calenda-type chart, a small chart, as a coated chart needs to be publish for the safety of small ship and fishing vessel. Fifthly, it is advisable to draw a recommended course in the route where the coastal navigate mainly and in the narrow channel, The adjoining area should be improved, as well as the qualify of the chart paper. Sixthly, publication of additional new chart in the southern part of East Sea, the eastern part of South Sea, the western part of South Sea and middle part of Yellow Sea near Incheon port should be thought over. Seventhly, the number of chart selling agent should be increased for the sake of purchaser in proportion to the number of port, and small correction of charts in selling agent must be carried out completely.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.43-60
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• 1995

The Kanweoldo Deposit in the Cheonsoo Bay western coast of Korean Peninsula is considered to be influenced by severe freezing condition under cold humid environment of the last glacial age. The evidence of severe freezing in the some upper part of the fine-grained Kanweoldo Deposit is characteristically irregular wavy la-mellar structure with the interval of 2∼8mm. In particular lamina show very compacted fabrics composed of rounded or spheroidal discrete aggregates covered by silt caps. Such laminar structure and associated micro-fabrics might owe to soil freezing such as ice segregation in lens form cryophoresis pressure from growing ice and disturbance by frost-creep. Furthermore pedogenesis of cold-humid type such as gleyzation or peseudo-gleyzation also might af-fect the kanweoldo Deposit in the priod of severe cold-humid cli-mate of the Wrm. The Kanweoldo sediment and organic remnant(16,708 B.P. with error limit of 250 years) affected by severe cryogenic activities sug-gest that the paleoclimate of Late Wrm in Korea might be so cold and humid as to engender the cryogenic structure in subaerial silty and sandy silt deposits.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.239-252
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• 1981

동지나해에 있어서 전갱이$\cdot$고등어 어장의 분포가 해황과 어떻게 관련되어 있는가를 구명한다는 것은, 이들의 어황변동기구를 파악하는 데에 아주 중요한 문제라고 생각된다. 그렇지만, 이제까지 동지나해에 있어서는 이들에 관하여 특정한 해역 혹은 기간을 대상으로 단편적인 연구는 있었으나, 해황이 어장분포에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는지에 대한 그 실태는 거의 알려져 있지 않았다. 그러므로, 본 연구에서는 우선 동지나해 및 일본해 서구에 있어서 대중형 선강무업에 의한 전갱이$\cdot$고등어류의 어획통계자료를 가지고 이들 어획양의 평균적인 분포(1968-1976) 실태를 상세히 검토하였다. 그 결과로서 다음과 같은 것이 명확하였다. 1. 1958율 이후의 '고등어류(주로 참고등어)'의 중요어장은 지나해 총면적의 약 $8\%$에 지나지 않는 일본해 (동해)의 사카이(경) 연안, 대마도 동쪽, 시라세(백광), 체주도 남서해에 이르는 대마난류역에 집중하여 있는 것이 밝혀졌다. 이들 해역의 어획양은 동지나해에 있어서 총어획양의 약 $70\%$를 차지하고 있다. 또한, 1968율 이후의 '전갱이'의 중요어장은 시라세, 대마도 동쪽, 오도 남서해에 집중하여있었으며, 이들 어장의 어획양은 동지나해의 총어획양의 $54\%$를 차지하고 있다. 한편, 어획중이 매우 적은 해역은 총해, 중국연안, 시마네(도근)현연안, 동지나해 중부 중의 냉수역 및 흑조외측, 동해의200m 이심의 해역이었다. 2. 대마난류역의 각 어장에서는 '전갱이$\cdot$고등어류'의 어획양의 년변동이 비교적 작고 어황이 안정되어 있었으나, 동지나해 중부 및 서부, 구개 남서안, 총해역의 어장에서는 어획전의 변동이 컸다. 3. 조경주변에 있어서 '전갱이$\cdot$고등어'의 분포경형의 상위가 수온의 상달와 잘 대응하고 있는 것이 분명하게 되었다. 즉, '전갱이'는 주로 대마난류의 조경역의 진수용(수온 $15^{\circ}C{\sim}20^{\circ}C$)에 분포하고 있었으며, '고등어류'의 분포 중심은 약간 냉수측(수온 $13^{\circ}C{\sim}16^{\circ}C$)에 위치하고 있었다. 금후는 동지나해 및 일본해 서부에 있어서 선망어업에 의한 전갱이$\cdot$고등어유의 어획양 분포에 대한 계절적 경년적인 변동, 특히 환경조건과의 관련을 파악할 필요가 있다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 1958

I. Assumption: Mo-kam-ju, Koelreuteria paniculata is a woody plant mainly cistributed over Northern China. Its sporadic growth along the beaches of Korea and Japan is assumed to have been sowed by the seeds transported adrift on the current across the ocean. II. Use and Growth of the Plant: In China, this plant has been cultivated from early times mainly at temples, it seeds being used as rosaries, its flowers for yellow dyes and medicine for the eyes, and its leaves for black dyes. In Korea and Japan, these plants have been cultivated at temples and used as the material for rosaries. No natural growth of these plants was reported until 1919. III. Discoveries: In this domestic area, Dr. Chung Tae Hyun discovered the plant on the beach between Cho-Do and Chang-san-kot, Hwang-Hae Prov. in 1920. The reporter discovered them on the beach at Buk-Ni, Duk-jok-Do in 1948, at An-Hung in 1956 and on the beach at An-min-Do in 1957. In the Japan area, it was discovered for the first time twenty years ago, mainly along the coast line of the Japan Sea and some along the eastern coast line, at Subo, Yamaguchi Prefecture facing the Pacific Ocean. IV. Study and Experiment: A. Seed The seed coat is thick, non-permeable and floatable. A number of seeds were immersed in artificial sea water and fresh water separately. The seeds remained there for a hundred and forty-five (145) days from April 6, 1957 to August 29, 57. Thirty one seeds out of the fifty immersed in salt water and twenty seeds out of the fifty immersed in fresh water remained on the surface of the water, proving them to be non-permeable to both sea and fresh water. Of course, these had retained their germinating capabilities. Five (5) seeds out of twenty from the fresh water and six (6) out of thirty-one from the sea water were successfully germinated after a hole had been drilled in the seed coat and they had been planted. Thus their floating capability, non-permeability and germinating capability after a possible 145 day trip on the flowing currents has been proved satisfactory according to the assumption made above. B. Current As shown in the Data 2 and 3, the sea current initiated in the Pohai Sea flows westward down along the coast line of Korea reaching the southern part during the autumn and winter seasons. This fact also is in favor of the reporter's assumption. V. Discussion and Conclusion: The reporter concludes that, as discussed above, Koelreuteria paniculata which originates in Northern China is transported adrift on the flowing sea current to our western coast line, and also the coast lines of Shantung and Kuangtung of China and it is germinated on the sandy beaches forming new plants. Thus, the seeds drifted down on the southern beach of Korea and have been transported to the Japanese coast, adrift on the Tae-Ma current. Upon fruition, the seeds of the plants which settle on the coasts of western Korea and Japan will migrate to new places. It can be, however, assumed that while the thickness and nonpermeability of the coat enables the long travel in the water, this also can compose a difficulty in germination, consequently in developing a new distribution of this species.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• nspc5호
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• pp.29-46
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• 2005

한국동물분류학회 창립 20주년을 기념하기 위하여 진도의 무척추 동물상에 관한 공동조사가 수행되었다. 본 연구에서는 해산연체동물상을 연구하기 위해 2004년 6월 29일에서 6월 30일까지 3개 지점에서 조사를 실시하였고 그 결과 모두 37과 77종의 연체동물 종이 채집, 동정되었다. 이들 중 18과 26종은 진도지역에서 처음으로 채집, 보고되는 종이었으며, 특히 Onchidella kurodai (Taki, 1935) 검은콩갯민숭이는 한국 미기록종으로 밝혀져 이에 대한 기재와 도판을 작성하였다. 과거의 문헌기록 등을 포함하여 본 연구로부터 새롭게 기록된 종들을 종합하면 진도 및 인근 지역에서 보고된 연체동물은 현재까치 총 43과 115종이 된다. 생물지리학적 특성의 관점에서 볼 때, 진도에서 발견된 일부 복족류 종들 (Bittium craticulatum, Macroschisma dilatatum, Cantharidus japonicus, C. callichroa, Homalopoma sangarense, Crepidula onyx)은 제주지역을 포함한 한반도 남해 혹은 동해안 지역에서 이전의 연구를 통해 발견된 종들이었다. 진도지역에는 한반도 서해안 연안에 걸쳐 분포하는 연체동물의 많은 종이 서식하고 있다는 사실과 함께, 본 연구로부터 새롭게 얻어진 발견은 진도가 한반도의 남부 해안과 서부 해안 생물상이 중첩분포하고 있는 지역이라는 이전의 Kim and Kwon (1983)의 의견을 지지하는 또 하나의 증거가 된다. 향후 종합적인 생물상 연구가 수행될 경우 진도지역의 생물지리학적 특성에 관련된 새로운 정보는 물론. 보다 다양한 동물상이 추가될 것으로 기대된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2018

With land-use (cover) and water quality, the distributional characteristics of epilithic diatom communities were studied with 193 samples from estuaries of Korean peninsula between 2015 and 2016. Of total 394 taxa classified, Nitzschia perminuta (19.6%) and N. inconspicua (14.0%) were the 1st and 2nd dominant species. Using a cluster analysis, the epilithic diatom communities of Korean estuaries were divided into four groups (G1-G4). Ecological characteristics of each group were followed: G1 was located in estuaries of the East Sea, and characterized by high forest land-use and high DO and low nutrients; G2 was the eastern part of the South Sea, and characterized by low turbidity and nutrients; G3 was the western part of the South Sea, and characterized by high agriculture, low electric conductivity and low salinity; G4 was the Yellow Sea, and characterized by high nutrients. The environmental factors having significant correlation with diatom distributions were as follows: TN to G1, turbidity to G2, agriculture to G3, and TP to G4. Moreover, the important factors affecting the occurrence of indicator species were forest land-use for Fragilaria construens var. venter in G1, turbidity for Rhoicosphenia abbreviata in G2, urban land- use and total phosphorus (TP) for Bacillaria paradoxa and Hantzschia amphioxys of G3, and TP and turbidity for N. ovalis and Stephanodiscus invistatus of G4. These results collectively indicate that the distribution of epilithic diatom communities in Korean peninsula was largely effected by water quality and land cover/use.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.907-916
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to compare community structure of larval fish species in the northern East China Sea during normal meteorological conditions in autumn 2009, during the El Ni$\tilde{n}$o period in 2009-2010, and during the La Nina period in 2010. Fifty taxa were recorded during the study period; the most dominant species were Benthosema pterotum and Gobiidae spp. In October 2008 during the normal period, warm water from the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) intruded more into the surface and middle layers, and cold water affected by the Yellow Sea Cold Water (YSCW) intruded into the bottom layer. In October 2009 during the El Ni$\tilde{n}$o period, intrusion of the China Coastal Water (CCW), which has low salinity (<32.2 psu), was more apparent than intrusion of the TWC or YSCW. In October 2010 during the La Nina period, intrusion of the TWC and CCW was relatively weak, resulting in the lowest temperature and highest salinity observed during the study period in the eastern part of the study area. Hierarchical cluster, one-way ANOSIM (analysis of similarities), and SIMPER (similarity-percentages procedure) analyses provided two main results. First, the abundance of the most dominant larval fish species in autumn of the normal period was greater than that in autumn of the El Ni$\tilde{n}$o/La Nina periods, resulting in a significant difference in ichthyoplankton community structure between the periods. The abundance of Benthosema pterotum increased in the normal period, possibly influenced by the intrusion of cold water from the YSCW; the abundance of species residing in Korean waters (e.g., Gobiidae spp.) probably decreased during the El Ni$\tilde{n}$o/La Nina periods. The second finding was that the abundance of subtropical larval fish in autumn of the normal period was generally larger than that during autumn of the El Ni$\tilde{n}$o/La Nina periods. This could have been induced by the stronger intrusion of warm water from the TWC during the normal period. Although differences in oceanographic conditions between El Ni$\tilde{n}$o and La Nina periods were observed, the differences in ichthyoplankton community structure between the two periods were not significant.