• Journal of Species Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.232-239
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• 2012

Taxonomy of umbelliferous taxa Heracleum moellendorffii complex has been unclear in their species delimitation in the far-eastern Asian regions. In both Korea and China Heracleum moellendorffii was adopted for their description while H. sphondylium was chosen to describe Japanese Heracleum. From Genbank accessions, taxa collected from Kamtchatka and Promorskiy, Russia were defined as H. maximum, endemic taxon to North America. In this study, we reviewed the taxonomy of Heracleum moellendorffii complex in Korea and neighboring countries on the basis of molecular phylogenies derived from sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. From three Korean accessions of Heracleum investigated in this study, two types of ITS sequences were obtained; two accessions were related to Chinese H. moellendorffii var. moellendorffii and North American H. maximum without forming a clade while the other one was identical to accession from H. maximum from Primorskiy, Russia. In the other hand, Japanese H. moellendorffii (=H. sphondylium ssp. sphondylium var. nipponicum in the flora of Japan) was closely related to H. maximum accessions from Korea and Russia, not nested within the clade comprising several subspecies of H. sphondylium. In order to delimit species boundaries among putatively closely related Heracleum species in fareastern Asian countries, more samples and much more rapidly evolved DNA regions must be investigated with interpretation of morphological and anatomical features.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.76-97
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• 2002

Buin-daejeon-yangbang is one of the special book on the traditional eastern medicine(T.E.M) Ob&Gy in Song dynasty. It remains very important book of the department of the Ob&Gy in today's T.E.M. There are a good deal of the useful theories and prescriptions about clinical Ob&Gy in it. Chen-zi-ming(陳子明) was a very famous Ob&Gy doctor and professor on T.E.M who came from Lincuan Jingxi(江西 臨川) province China in the South-Song dynasty. He was born in AD 1190, was died in AD 1270. Buin-daejeon-yangbang was written by him in AD 1237 and remained several kinds of edition now. It takes form total 8 volumes, 24 chapters. There are more than 260 medical references and 1500 prescriptions in it. And the formation of the book which the arrangement of theories and prescriptions is to keep in order. But it has some unreasonable and superstitious contents too. It performed as a bridge which link the results of pre-Song dynasty about clinical T.E.M Ob&Gy and after-Song dynasty about that. So it is a grandfather of a book for about clinical T.E.M Ob&Gy as following books like Gyoju-Buin-daejeon-yangbang, Yeougwa-Jeungchi-Junsung and Jeieum-Gangmock.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.247-256
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• 1999

Ginseng has been used in maintaining physical vitality throughout the far-eastern countries and recently its metabolism and actions on neurologic, cardiovascular, and endocrinologic systems are studied. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been used in various ailments, and to prove its efficacy for erectile dysfunction an international study on Asians other than Korean was performed. Patients with borderline organic and psychogenic erectile dysfunction were included. KRG were given daily, and placebo were given as controls. Treatment lasted a total of 3 months. Surveys including libido, erection, ejaculation, sexual activity, and sexual satisfaction were given. Serum testosterone and erectile function study were taken. Among the 64 patients, 37 patients were followed with KRG. Five had diabetes, 5 hypertension, 5 hypercholesterolemia, 6 low testosterone, 6 psychogenic, and 11 idiopathic. The improvement after KRG administration was $70.2\%$ on objective questionnaire and $75.7\%$ on subjective analysis. When KRG were given, all parameters surveyed have shown improvements compared to the placebo. The effects of KRG in Chinese and Singapores were similar to the Koreans. Serum testosterone levels were nonnalized in 6 patients with KRG, who's serum testosterone levels were reduced from pre-study. Two patient reported constipation, and 2 gastric upsets in the KRG group. In conclusion, KRG has beneficiary action on male erectile capabilities with little side effects. KRG is effective in Koreans and also Asians. The exact action mechanism and the active ingredients in KRG need to be studied.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2006

To examine the relationship of geological distribution and phylogenetic tree of O. latipes in the Far East, we analyzed cytochrome b (cyt b) gene in the mitochondrial genome. In this study we employed the entire sequence of cyt b of 53 samples collected from nine Korean locations and 117 cyt b data retrieved from the GenBank. From 170 Oryzias latipes cyt b sequence data, 142 different haplotypes were identified and phylogenetic relationship was reconstructed based on the dataset. According to the phylogeny, haplotypes were divided into three major haplogroups A, B and C, and their relationships were well correlated to their distributional patterns. Haplogroup A which is widely distribute in the southern part of Korea is separated in the geographical distribution from the haplogroup B which is found from China to the western part of Korea. Haplogroup C is only found in Japan.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.117-127
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• 2009

Study on correspondent of eastern and western astrology and Jung's psychological types, we obtain as follow as results. Western astrology is transmitted from China and developed, it influenced on the study of the Four Pillars(四柱學). Comparing assemble, gathering, punishment, destruction, collision, impair of Di-zhi(地支) in the study of Four Pillars with Xing-gong theory(星宮論) in the western astrology, can get the result that the Pillars study has close connection with astronomy and astrology. When we compared Jung's psychological types with astrology, the five elements(五行) and the four major factors, can be summarized like this. (1) intuition-fire sign-wood and fire-fire in the four major factors(四大), (2) sensation-earth sign-earth and metal-earth in the four major factors, (3) thinking-air sign-metal and water-wind in the four major factors, (4) feeling-water sign-water and wood-water in the four major factors. The four major factors of Buddhism is now understood as, earth, water and fire represent the state of solid(earth), liquid(water), gas(fire) and wind can be recognized as energy source help the changes. This is mentioned throughout the books, but only arranging the theory of four major factors.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.273-301
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• 2008

This study aims not only to examine the globalization, imformationization, and networking as background of knowledge-information-based society, but also to clarify the research fields of 'geography of knowledge' and further research themes for economic geography in a knowledge-information-based society. As a result of globalization, the degree of regional disparity, which had decreased with neoliberal policy in Europe and America in 1980's, has increased in early development states such as China and Eastern European countries. In opposition to the globalization that has led to increasing regional disparities at a global scale, many scholars argue that grassroots globalization or globalization from below is needed. Based on a pessimistic view on globalization, many maintain that unequal access to information has enlarged the gap between rich and poor. They also argue that the study of the geography of poverty is crucial in oder to solve the problem of bipolization. According to the world system theory, spatial grasp of commodity chains, actors' diversities, flows towards innovation in learning knowledges, and geographical, organizational, and institutional proximities are intertwined. Because these elements make significant influences each other in social networks, the interrelationships among those elements should be carefully considered. A 'geography of knowledge' deals with manufacturing, finance and service, media, cultural, and creative industries. Former researches in economic geography have tended to deal with those industries separately without attempting to make meaningful linkages among discussions on those industries.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2007

We study, in this paper, on the decorative design of the Treasure-architectural form for the Silla Buddhist reliquary and this research went through the observation on the Buddhist Reliquaries of the Song-Lim-Sa, the Eastern-Western three floor pagodas in the Kam-Eun-Sa, the three floor pagodas in the Bul-Guk-Sa and the reportedly discovered Nam-Won. The Buddhist reliquaries of these 5 Reliquaries, when compared with those of China and Japan in the same period, they worshiped the Buddhist reliquary as a Buddhist God itself and put them as a part of the architectural decoration, being installed in the construction forms. In the form and the composition of the architecture, we can see those having been designed with very detailed and brightly decorated form. The Buddhist reliquaries in the Song-Lim-Sa and Kam-Eun-Sa, the most important ones in this research, were in a royal palace shape having completely the altar part, interior space part, and the ceiling part, which inform us the whole structure of the architecture in details. In particular, for the case of Kam-Eun-Sa, the columns in the shape of bamboo trees, the expression of the gates, the terrace of double parts formed of word-shape Man, and the statue of a general with superhuman ability in the shrine explain us the description of the Gyun-Bo-Tap-Pum of Lotus Sutra. After all these researches, we conclude that the Buddhist reliquaries in form of the Treasure-architecture represented the architectural style of the same period as a form of industrial arts and we can see that they tried to use all of their highly skilled and talented methods to describe the Buddhist Pure Land.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1305-1310
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• 2013

Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is an annual herb with a long history and it is mainly used as a spice and as a medicine that is effective as a digestive aid, a sedative, and a narcotic, and that helps remove bad breath. Dill grows wild in the districts along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, West Asia, China, and Korea. An estimate of the phylogenetic relationships within dill accessions in 20 countries was inferred using data from the rps16-trnK3-intergenic spacer. The aligned data sets for dill ranged from 747 to 779 nucleotides (bp) as a result of the differences in the insert/delete nucleotides. The sequence variation within the dill accessions was mostly due to nucleotide substitutions, although several small insertions and deletions can be found. Among 100 accessions from 20 countries, the Eastern Asia accessions were more closely related to the North American accessions than to the Central Asia and European accessions. Although some accessions were not congruent completely with geographical locations, the dill accessions with rps16-trnK analysis resulted in plants with better-resolved clades.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.157-172
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore the moderating effect of food safety scandals on the relationship between food company's Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) engagement at different levels and brand image in the Chinese dairy company context. In addition, this study also examined the mediating effect of brand image on CSR engagement and consumer loyalty. The study adopted a $2{\times}2$ between-subjects experimental design using scenarios. Four scenarios provided a mixed combination of yes or no cases for food safety scandal, and high or low cases for a dairy company's CSR engagement. In this study, survey was used to collect data from Chinese consumers. Of these, 377 valid data were collected from a sample of average Chinese consumers over the age of 20, collected through the internet. The results show that CSR engagement at different levels has a significant effect on brand image and food safety scandal has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between the two. This study expanded the previous study on the sensitivity of consumers to CSR activities in eastern China. At the same time, according to the results of the study, different CSR engagement of food enterprises does have a significant impact on brand image and consumer loyalty. In particular, high CSR engagement reduces negative impact on brand image through the moderating effect of food safety scandals. Therefore, for food business managers, actively participate in CSR activities, and actively enhance the engagement has a significant influence on the management of brand image.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.87-109
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• 2019

In the Iranian epic $K{\bar{u}}shn{\bar{a}}ma$, there is a rather interesting story that recounts how the inhabitants of $B.s{\bar{i}}l\bar{a}$ cross-breed their domesticated horses with a magical horse living in the sea in order to obtain fine-bred ones. What is even more interesting is that similar accounts are also seen in many of other classical Perso-Arabic works and Chinese sources. The regions that such events took place in mainly spread over Central Asia and western China while in $K{\bar{u}}shn{\bar{a}}ma$, the story happens in $B.s{\bar{i}}l\bar{a}$, a legendary kingdom with its historical prototype being Silla. By sorting out certain records of how ancient people sought fine horses by cross-breeding domesticated horses with wild horses that inhabited mountains and waters within Chinese sources and classical Muslim works, and comparing these accounts with similar plot lines as depicted in $K{\bar{u}}shn{\bar{a}}ma$, this paper attempts to elucidate that the story in $K{\bar{u}}shn{\bar{a}}ma$ is a result of flourishing land and maritime exchanges between East Asia and West Asia during ancient and medieval times, rather than a purely literary fiction. It was not only influenced by the horse culture that thrived over the Eurasian Steppe, but the story is also coincidentally in accordance with the fact that the nomadic zone which lies within the central Eurasian continent extends as far as the Korean Peninsula in northeast Asia.