• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.133-156
• /
• 2009

We have named the sea surrounded by the Korean Peninsula, Primorye of Russia, and Japanese Islands as the East Sea. Historically this region has been variously named the East Sea, Chosun Sea, and, more recently, Japan Sea and Sea of Japan. Since the scientific research papers can play important roles on the naming the sea, the status of naming the East Sea in international scientific journals was investigated. Among 472 papers in 46 international journals that we assessed, Japan Sea (or Sea of Japan) was used in 322 papers (68.2%), East Sea was used in 21 papers (4.4%), and parallel usage of East Sea and Japan Sea accounted for 27.3% (129 papers). In all scientific papers before the early 1980s, East Sea was not used. Since the first parallel usage of East Sea and Japan Sea in 1985, these designations has been increasingly used. After 2004, the parallel usage has replaced the single designation of Japan Sea.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.745-760
• /
• 2007

This study aims to categorize and analyze internationally standardized sea names based on their origins. Especially noting the cases of sea names using country names and dual naming of seas, it draws some implications for complementing logics for restoring the name East Sea. Of the 110 names for 98 bodies of water listed in the book titled Limits of Oceans and Seas, the most prevalent cases are named after adjacent geographical features; followed by commemorative names after persons, directions, and characteristics of seas. These international practices of naming seas are contrary to Japan's argument for the principle of using the name of archipelago or peninsula. There are several cases of using a single name of country in naming a sea bordering more than two countries, with no serious disputes. This implies that a specific focus should be given to peculiar situation that the name East Sea contains, rather than the negative side of using single country name. In order to strengthen the logic for justifying dual naming, it is suggested, an appropriate reference should be made to the three newly adopted cases of dual names, in the respects of the history of the surrounding region and the names, people's perception, power structure of the relevant countries, and the process of the standardization of dual names. In order to endow East Sea with the meaning of the east of the Eurasian continent, westerners' perception on the Far East should be elaborated in more detail.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.41 no.5 s.116
• /
• pp.630-638
• /
• 2006

This paper reviews international practices of naming undersea features, centered on SCUFN (Sub-Committee on Undersea Feature Names), and draws some implications for the newly announced undersea feature names in East Sea. Even though the history of the activities of naming undersea features in Korea is not long, recent years have witnessed considerable progress in finding and naming undersea features. In view of the guidelines for naming undersea features by SCUFN, it is evaluated that most of these names have been appropriately selected. But more justification should be made for specific terms using historical persons, symbolic term, and for two names proposed for those already listed in the Gazetteer. For further works on naming undersea features, three steps are suggested: first, conducting surveys and accumulating data on undersea features, second, naming and announcing newly found features and publicizing them, and third, making attempts to achieve international standardization of domestically announced names.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.870-883
• /
• 2012

This study aims to summarize recent discussions on naming the sea between Korea and Japan and to draw some research topics of the geographical toponymy. The International Hydrographic Conference and the United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names held in 2012 repeatedly saw clearly different positions of Korea and Japan on the naming of the sea. From the debates, four topics appeared distinctly which deserve receiving continuous interests in the field of geographical toponymy. These include: necessity of dual naming and characteristics of, and perceptions on the object of dual naming; political economic nature of the sea, e.g. semi-enclosed sea, EEZ, and relevant use of names; relationship between the sea containing strong emotional ties and its naming; additional definition of toponymic terminologies to proceed with more objective and logical discussions.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.41 no.5 s.116
• /
• pp.600-622
• /
• 2006

The consistent use of appropriate names for the undersea features is an essential element of effective communication among ocean scientists. The correct use of names on bathymetric and nautical charts provide benefits to national and international communities. Also it is expected that naming of the marine geographical features within the territorial waters and EEZ contributes to secure the territorial waters and preserve the various marine resources. This paper will seek to addresses a variety of activities where geographic names issues for undersea features arises. For the purpose of this paper, the attention will be given upon 1) the general history of activities on naming undersea features in Korea; 2) development of the guideline for standardization of marine geographical names; 3) geomorphological characteristics of undersea features in East Sea; and 4) future plan to conduct a systematic analysis for naming marine geographical features in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.23-41
• /
• 2015

This study worked on the qualitative analysis about nomenclature East Sea by the record type in researches related to East Sea shown in the scientific journals. Here in this study, the way of marking is classified as three: 'sole notation of East Sea', 'sole notation of Sea of Japan', and 'simultaneous notation of both'. Based on a total of 4,192 selections from Web of Science DB, the analysis was followed up for change in time series by the notation type, notation type according to the nation that authors belong to, difference in research topic, impact factor, collaboration in research, and co-authorship network. The result turned out in this work that the sole notation of Sea of Japan accounted for the largest portion. It also showed that the rates of sole notation of East Sea and simultaneous notation have kept increasing continuously since the 1990s. Hub nations regarding the research of East Sea is five including Japan, Russia, Korea, USA, and China. In the case of sole notation of Sea of Japan, active collaboration studies are performed in USA, Russia, and China with a focus in Japan. In the case of sole notation of East Sea and simultaneous use, the research rate is relatively high in USA and Japan with a focus in Korea. As to the co-authorship network in the sole notation of Sea of Japan, sort of a "giant component" among different groups has been set up and through which the collaborative works are actively underway. However, it was found that the research of sole notation of East Sea is dispersed into small groups on the base of relevant individual institution.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.125-151
• /
• 2018

We grouped the names attributed to the seas surrounding the Korean Peninsula in maps published in two major Korean ocean and fisheries science journals over the period from 1998 to 2017: the Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography (The Sea) and the Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (KFAS). The names attributed to these seas in maps of journal paper broadly were classified into three groupings: (1) East Sea and Yellow Sea; (2) East Sea, Yellow Sea, and South Sea; or (3) East Sea, West Sea and South Sea. The name 'East Sea' was dominantly used for the waters between Korea and Japan. In contrast, the water between Korea and China has been mostly labelled as 'Yellow Sea' but sometimes labelled as 'West Sea'. The waters between the south coast of Korea and Kyushu, Japan were labelled as either 'Korea Strait' or 'South Sea'. This analysis on sea names in the maps of 'The Sea' and 'KFAS' reveals that domestic researchers frequently mix geographical and international names when referring to the waters surrounding the Korean Peninsula. These inconsistencies provide the motivation for the development of a basic unifying guideline for naming the seas surrounding the Korean Peninsula. With respect to this, we recommend the use of separate names for the marginal seas between continental landmasses and/or islands versus for the coastal waters surrounding Korea. For the marginal seas, the internationally recognized names are recommended to be used: East Sea; Yellow Sea; Korea Strait; and East China Sea. While for coastal seas, including Korea's territorial sea, the following geographical nomenclature is suggested to differentiate them from the marginal sea names: Coastal Sea off the East Coast of Korea (or the East Korea Coastal Zone), Coastal Sea off the South Coast of Korea (or the South Coastal Zone of Korea), and Coastal Sea off the West Coast of Korea (or the West Korea Coastal Zone). Further, for small or specific study areas, the local region names, district names, the sea names and the undersea feature names can be used on the maps.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.507-516
• /
• 1999

More than twenty-five major international bodies of water bear the names of particular nations or states. Many of these are not names are widely accepted, but considerable disagreement has developed in some cases. A systematic examination of the level of conflict over the use of national names for international bodies of water indicates that conflict is most likely to develop where shifting power relations among interested states produce concern about the hegemonic ambitions of the state after which the body of water is named. This is the case in the three situations where considerable contention exists over the use of a national name for an international body of water: the Persian Gulf/Arabian Sea, the Sea of Japan/East Sea, and the South China SealBien Dong. Cases evidencing little contention are those where either no state has a significant interest in the naming issue, or where the name that is attached to the body of water is that of a state that has not been a historic threat to others in the region. Naming international bodies of water after nations or states is potentially problematic because such appellations can connote ownership or control by a single people or political entity. An understanding of the controversies surrounding these place names requires consideration of the geopolitical context in which they are embedded.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.41 no.5 s.116
• /
• pp.623-629
• /
• 2006

At present, 3 names about undersea features in the East Sea - Korean Plateau, Tsushima Basin, Syun-yo Bank - are listed on Gazetteer Any explanations are not given for registration of these names. Just it seems that the names written on International marine chart(INT 511) were recorded to Gazetteer. Furthermore Tsushima Basin and Syun-yo Bank have no oceanographic, geologic reason and geographical relevance, and the names should be replaced by Ulleung Basin and Isabu Tablemount, respectively, that is deeply related to geographical relevance and genetic origin.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.171-175
• /
• 2010

Korean cephalopods only recorded with Korean name in the literature were reviewed to solve confusions in use of their Korean name for taxonomic studies of cephalopods in Korea, and to prepare a basic check list for standardizing total cephaolopods fauna of Korea in the future. A total 38 cephalopods species with Korean names were listed in this study; 14 species in order Sepioidea, 17 species in Teuthoidea, 7 species in Octopoda. The etymology and some problems of Korean names of cephalopods occurring in Korea, and the useable rules for naming cephalopods with Korean words are recommended and discussed.