• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.387-394
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• 2022

Coastal upwelling is a significantly imperative process for understanding the interactions between physical and ecological processes and has been investigated incessantly. In this study, we explored the upwelling index, specifically upwelling age (UA). UA enabled us to observe the initiating, sustaining, and decaying upwelling processes. Although the sensitivity of many other geophysical parameters to estimate UA has been investigated, the wind direction has not been evaluated. Thus, we assessed the appropriate wind direction for the UA and obtained efficient upwelling signals from the four coastal stations. Furthermore, we applied the UA and compared it with the satellite sea level anomaly, sea surface temperature, and chlorophyll-a changes to validate how UA depicts their spatial extents. Thus, UA can predict the timing of coastal upwelling events using predicted geophysical parameters.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.173-185
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to present a reflective review of the earth and universe units from the revised elementary curriculum of 2007-2015 and suggest changes in the 2022 revised curriculum. For this purpose, we conducted an FGI with earth science educators and elementary school teachers regarding the content elements and system, the achievement standards and inquiry activity composition, and the vertical and horizontal curriculum connectivity. Free response and weighted hierarchical analysis items were incorporated into the FGI to ensure logical consistency of the inductively derived improvement. This analysis revealed that the composition of units by grade group had been unevenly distributed among each of the "earth systems" until the 2015 revised curriculum was finalized. Furthermore, the basic concept was still insufficient. We suggest that achievement standards centered on the learning content and skills must state specific scientific core competencies, and inquiry activities should include rigorous critical thinking, student written responses, and student inquiry and analysis. In the hierarchical analysis items, FGI emphasized the inclusion of essential content elements rather than reduction of content elements, understanding-oriented concept learning rather than interest-centered phenomenon learning, basic concept division learning before integration between subjects, and expanding vertical-horizontal connectivity rather than repeating and advancing learning. There is a limit to the generalizing the suggestions proposed in this study to the common opinion of elementary earth science experts. However, since the main vision of the 2022 revised curriculum is to gather opinions through educational entities' participation in a variety of educational subjects, it is suggested that our results should be incorporated as one of the opinions proposed for the 2022 curriculum revision.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.80-89
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• 2016

In the complex terrain where local wind systems are formed, accurate understanding of regional wind variability is required for wind resource assessment. In this paper, cluster analysis based on the similarity of time-series wind vector was applied to classify wind regions with similar wind characteristics and the meteorological validity of regionalization method was evaluated. Wind regions in Jeju Island and Busan were classified using the wind resource map of Korea created by a mesoscale numerical weather prediction modeling. The evaluation was performed by comparing wind speed, wind direction, and wind variability of each wind region. Wind characteristics, such as mean wind speed and prevailing wind direction, in the same wind region were similar and wind characteristics in different wind regions were meteor-statistically distinct. It was able to identify a singular wind region at the top area of Mt. Halla using the inconsistency of wind direction variability. Furthermore, it was found that the regionalization results correspond with the topographic features of Jeju Island and Busan, showing the validity.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2000

The grand challenge for the 21$^{st$ century is to harness knowledge of the earth`s biological and ecological diversity to understand how they shape global environmental systems. This insight benefits both science and society. Biological and ecological data are among the most diverse and complex in the scientific realm. spanning vast temporal and spatial scales, distant localities. and multiple disciplines. Environmental informatics is an emerging discipline applying information science, ecology, and biodiversity to the understanding and solution of environmental problems. In this paper we give an overview of the experiences of the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) with this new multidisciplinary science, discuss the application of computing resources to the study of environmental systems, and outline strategic partnership activities in environmental iformatics that are underway, We hope to foster interactions between ecology, biodiversity, and conservation researchers in East Asia-Pacific Rim and those at SDSC and the Partnership for Biodiversity Informatics.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Predicting earthquakes is difficult due to the complexity of the systems underlying tectonic phenomena and incomplete understanding of the interactions among tectonic settings, tectonic stress, and crustal components. The Korean Peninsula is located in a stable intraplate region with a low average seismicity of M 2.3. As public interest in the earthquake grows, we analyzed earthquakes on the Korean Peninsula by attempting to predict spatio-temporal earthquake patterns and magnitudes using Facebook's Prophet model based on deep learning, and here we discuss seismic distribution zones using DBSCAN, a cluster analysis method. The Prophet model predicts future earthquakes in Chungcheongbuk-do, Gyeonggi-do, Seoul, and Gyeongsangbuk-do.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.646-661
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• 2021

The Zagros fold-thrust belt formed from the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates during Cenozoic periods and extends for 2,000 km, from Turkey to the Hormuz Strait, in the northeast-southwest direction. Anticline traps in the front of the Zagros thrust fold hold approximately 8% of the world's petroleum reserves. Middle Cretaceous to Early Miocene petroleum systems of the belt have the largest original oil in place (OOIP). The oil is expelled from Kazhdumi and Pabdeh source rocks, and accumulated in the Asmari and Bangestan (including Sarvak and Ilam formations) reservoir rocks covered by the evaporitic Gachsaran and the marly Gurpi formations. The hydrocarbons trapped in the Asmari and Sarvak reservoirs are mainly charged (more than 90%) by the Kazhdumi Formation whereas the rest are charged by the Pabdeh Formation. In the Dezful Embayment, all the large high-relief anticlines have been drilled into, except in the Asmari, Sarvak and Khami formations, where a few anticlines of smaller size and deeper strata remain unexplored. Therefore, the exploration potential of these regions strengthens our understanding of the Zagros fold-thrust belt's petroleum system.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.165-175
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• 2022

Earthquakes have occurred owing to movements on a fault since several billion years ago. Research on the relationship between earthquakes and groundwater began in the 1960s in the United States, but related works, including hydrogeochemistry research, only began in the 2010s in South Korea. In this study, domestic studies on the relationship between earthquakes and groundwater until 2021 were collected from the Web of Science and characterized by subject area (groundwater level, hydrogeochemistry, combination of the two, and others). The results showed that the number of published articles per year was positively correlated with the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, 2016 Gyeongju earthquake, and 2017 Pohang earthquake, with the maximum numbers observed in 2011, 2018, 2019, and 2020. Most studies on the relationship between earthquakes and groundwater level addressed groundwater level fluctuations in the duration of the subject earthquake, with little consideration of the precursors. Groundwater level monitoring data, as well as hydrogeochemical information and microbial communities, may contribute to a more detailed understanding of groundwater flow and chemical reactions in bedrock caused by earthquakes. Therefore, the establishment of a national groundwater monitoring network for seismic monitoring and prediction is required.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.449-458
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• 2012

A sound understanding of the structural characteristics of fractured rock masses is important in designing and maintaining earth structures because their strength, deformability, and hydraulic behavior depend mainly on the characteristics of discontinuity network structures. Despite considerable progress in understanding the structural characteristics of rock masses, the complexity of discontinuity patterns has prevented satisfactory analysis based on a 3-D rock mass visualization model. This paper presents the results of studies performed to develop rock mass visualization in 3-D to analysis the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of fractured rock masses. General and particular solutions of non-linear equations of disk-shaped fractures have been derived to calculated lines of intersection and equivalent pipes. Also, program modules have been developed to perform the calculations. The procedures developed for the 3-D fractured rock mass visualization model can be used to characterize rock mass geometry and network systems effectively. The results obtained in this study will be refined and then combined for use as a tool for assessing geomechanical problems related to strength, deformability and hydraulic behaviors of the fractured rock masses.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2011

About 30% of the total annual energy consumption on the earth is used in the architectural activities, including construction, maintenance management, and demonstration of a building. Also, 40% of the natural resource consumption, 50% of $CO_2$ emissions, and 20%~50% of industrial waste emissions are produced from a building. Unfortunately, the percentage of its energy consumption is staidly increasing year by year, about 8% every year, and it recently causes a sustainable architectural concept to come to the fore globally. Indeed, the importance of the sustainable architecture is increasingly becoming a worldwide trend. BIM(Building Information Modeling) is considered a new paradigm and a powerful method in building design, construction and maintenance. BIM has characteristics similar to a building's systems. All of the components in a model have a parametric relationship to each other. Understanding and capitalizing on these interrelationships typically takes numerous iterations that span multiple projects. Optimizing the integrated strategies and technologies for a high-performance, sustainable design requires a continual look at understanding how they work together to deliver the best potential. Throughout all of these concepts, we are going to be using a variety of tools that revolve around a BIM model. Some of the tools will require a heavier use of BIM than others, but all of them will utilize the model geometry you've created as part of your design. This study presents importance and validity of energy performance analyzation in the pre-design phase for the sustainable architecture with the support of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.162-169
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• 2003

Excavation by TBM can be characterized by a rock-machine interaction during the cutting process on a small scale, but on a large scale the interaction between the rock mass and TBM becomes very significant. For the planning and evaluation of TBM tunnelling it needs to understand rock fracture mechanism by a cutter or cutters on a small scale, and to estimate penetration rate, advance rate and utilization on a large scale. In this study rock chipping mechanism due to cutter-penetration is analysed by numerical simulation, showing that rock chipping is mainly occurred by tensile failure. Also, through the analysis of factors that affect on TBM procedures in various assessment systems, it is determined that the key elements that should be considered in the planning and evaluation of TBM tunnelling are classified into rock properties, the geological structures and properties of rock mass, and the structural and functional specifications of the machine. The user-friendly assessment tool is developed, so that penetration rate, advance rate and TBM utilization are evaluated from various input data. The tool developed in this study can be applied to a practical TBM tunnelling by understanding TBM tunnelling procedures.