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A Review of Middle Cretaceous to Early Miocene Petroleum System in the Zagros Fold Belt, Iran

이란 자그로스 습곡대의 백악기 중기-마이오세 초기 석유 시스템에 대한 고찰

  • Woo, Juhwan (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Rhee, Chul Woo (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University)
  • 우주환 (충북대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 이철우 (충북대학교 지구환경과학과)
  • Received : 2021.06.29
  • Accepted : 2021.11.24
  • Published : 2021.12.31
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Abstract

The Zagros fold-thrust belt formed from the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates during Cenozoic periods and extends for 2,000 km, from Turkey to the Hormuz Strait, in the northeast-southwest direction. Anticline traps in the front of the Zagros thrust fold hold approximately 8% of the world's petroleum reserves. Middle Cretaceous to Early Miocene petroleum systems of the belt have the largest original oil in place (OOIP). The oil is expelled from Kazhdumi and Pabdeh source rocks, and accumulated in the Asmari and Bangestan (including Sarvak and Ilam formations) reservoir rocks covered by the evaporitic Gachsaran and the marly Gurpi formations. The hydrocarbons trapped in the Asmari and Sarvak reservoirs are mainly charged (more than 90%) by the Kazhdumi Formation whereas the rest are charged by the Pabdeh Formation. In the Dezful Embayment, all the large high-relief anticlines have been drilled into, except in the Asmari, Sarvak and Khami formations, where a few anticlines of smaller size and deeper strata remain unexplored. Therefore, the exploration potential of these regions strengthens our understanding of the Zagros fold-thrust belt's petroleum system.

자그로스 습곡대는 신생대 시기에 아라비아 판과 유라시아 판이 충돌하며 형성되었다. 이 습곡대는 터키에서 호르므즈 지역까지 북서-남동 방향으로 2,000 km 이어진 산맥을 이룬다. 전세계 석유의 약 8%가 자그로스 산맥(충상단층)의 전면부에 발달한 습곡으로 이루어진 배사구조에 집적되어 있다. 지금까지 알려진 자그로스 지역의 5개 석유시스템 가운데 백악기 중기-마이오세 초기 석유 시스템의 원시 자원량이 가장 많다. 백악기 중기-마이오세 초기 석유 시스템의 근원암은 Kazhdumi층과 Pabdeh층으로 석유 생성 이상으로 숙성되었으며, 저류암은 Bangestan층군(Sarvak, Ilam층)과 Asmari층이며, 덮개암은 증발잔류암층인 Gachsaran층과 셰일 층인 Gurpi층이다. Bangestan층군과 Asmari층에 트랩되어 있는 원유는 90%이상이 Kazhdumi층에서 기원하였고 그 외 나머지 원유는 Pabdeh층에서 기원하였다. 데즈풀만 지역에서 고각의 배사구조를 이루고 있는 Asmari, Sarvak, Khami층은 이미 많은 부분이 탐사된 반면 좀더 깊은 곳에 위치한 퇴적층과 저각의 소규모 배사구조는 아직 탐사되지 않았다. 그러므로 이 지역의 개발 잠재력은 자그로스 습곡대 석유시스템의 이해를 필요로 한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 한국가스공사의 대학협력과제 이란 석유-가스 자원 현황 및 사업환경 분석 연구(2015) 및 2021년도 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 기초연구사업의 지원을 받아 작성하였습니다(No. 2020R1F1A1075624).

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