• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2022

The use of earphones has recently been widely used around the world. In currently, students wear earphones a lot in a daily life. The types of earphones are open-earphones, Canalphones, and headphones. Many students don't periodically to sterilization their earphones. Therefore, it can be an incubator that can induced ear infections. The objective of this study was to detect the pathogenic bacteria from the earphones used by the students. A total of 3 type earphones swabs were collected by sterile cotton swabs. The swabs were inoculated onto BHI agar and incubated aerobically 48 hour at 37℃. 16s rRNA PCR, electrophoresis and sequencing were performed to confirm the identification of all the bacterial isolates. As a result, 24 pathogens were identified in sequencing. Three types of earphones were sterilized in three ways: ultraviolet (UV), 70% ethyl alcohol, and antibacterial wet tissue. If you use earphones for a long time without disinfecting them for a long time, it causes various diseases such as external ear infections. The findings of this study the users periodically to sterilization their respective earphones.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2020

We aimed to investigate the differences in the efficacy of insert and circumaural earphones when performing the brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) test with dogs. Hearing loss may occur congenitally or secondarily in dogs. The BAER test, unlike the classical ethological method, is the most reliable diagnostic tool to assess canine auditory function. Furthermore, there are certain advantages of using insert earphones rather than the standard, circumaural earphones. We subjected eight dogs to the BAER test with insert earphones and circumaural earphones. The result revealed that the latency of waves was delayed with an insert earphone. The inter-peak latency did not show any significant differences between the two transducers, and the threshold was higher when using an insert earphone. Moreover, the circumaural headphones produced a greater degree of crossover effect than the insert earphones, and this cross-over effect could affect the outcomes of the BAER test. Considering these results, we concluded that insert earphones may be more appropriate when performing the canine BAER test.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2020

Auditory stimuli are commonly used in various electroencephalogram experiments, also in EEG-based brain-computer interface systems. However, using conventional earphones that blocks the ear canal attenuates or even blocks external environmental sound which might cause loss of crucial information from surroundings. Instead, bone-conductive earphones are able to deliver sound through vibration without blocking the ear canal. To investigate the feasibility of the bone-conductive earphones for auditory-stimuli based experiments, we compared N100 event-related potential features as well the event-related spectral perturbation and inter-trial coherence of auditory steady-state response between conventional and bone-conductive earphones. The results showed no significant differences between bone conduction and conventional earphones regardless of distinct sound pressures. This result shows that bone conductive earphones can be used for auditory experiments when the environmental sound is crucial to the user.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.576-581
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• 2014

최근 스마트폰을 포함한 멀티미디어 장치의 국내 생산량이 70억대를 넘을 것으로 예측되었다. 이 장치들의 주요 부품의 하나인 모바일 이어폰은 멀티미디어 장치의 생산량보다 더 많이 생산된다. 이어폰은 낮은 가격의 제품이면서도 품질이 중요하므로 제조사들은 이어폰의 성능 시험에 많은 비용을 사용한다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 모바일 이어폰의 성능시험 비용 및 기간을 단축할 수 있는 통합시험 장치를 제안하였다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제25권2_2호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2022

Wireless earphones, along with smart devices, are the most sought-after products by consumers. Compared to general earphones, wireless earphones do not have twisted wires and are easy to use, so various types of products are currently on the market. However, information on quality is somewhat lacking, so consumers tend to purchase products according to brand awareness, and manufacturers are delivering information to consumers using different standards for each product because there is no standard for quality control. In particular, the playback time of wireless earphones is a factor that directly affects consumers' purchases, so a standard measurement method is needed to properly measure it. In this paper, we present a method for measuring the audio playback time of wireless earphones derived from domestic wireless earphone status survey, commercial product measurement test, and research analysis, and a developed standard measurement method. In addition, this paper proposes a measurement result reporting format to provide accurate information to consumers and induce a fair competitive environment for each product to manufacturers.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.468-474
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• 2016

최근 스마트폰을 중심으로 다양한 멀티미디어 서비스를 활용하기 위해 개인용 이어폰을 사용하고 있다. 국내에서 판매되는 스마트 폰은 개인용 이어폰을 필수로 제공하고 있고, 스마트폰과 테블릿 PC로 음악을 듣는 문화가 확산되면서 어디서나 간편하게 음악을 감상하는데 필요한 이어폰 수요가 갈수록 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 많은 량이 이어폰을 생산하는데 있어, 불량제품을 검사하기 위한 복잡한 검사공정을 단순화 하고, 검사 시 소요되는 시간과 비용을 절감하기 위해 이어폰 기능검사 장치를 개발하여 검사공정을 개선하였다. 이어폰 검사장치 개발을 통한 공정개선은 이어폰 불량 검사를 위한 검사 원의 수를 줄일 수 있고, 이어폰 검사 시간을 단축 할 수 있으며 일일 검사 량을 증가시킬 수 있다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2022

무선이어폰은 스마트기기(휴대폰 등)와 함께 소비가 많은 제품으로 일반이어폰 대비 선 꼬임이 없고 편리하여 다양한 가격대의 제품이 시장에 출시되어 있다. 하지만 무선이어폰 품질에 대한 정보는 부족하여 소비자는 브랜드 인지도에 따라 제품을 구매하는 경향이 높고, 제조사는 품질 평가를 위한 측정 방법에 대한 표준이 부재하여 제품마다 다른 기준으로 소비자에게 정보를 전달하고 있다. 특히 무선이어폰의 재생 시간은 소비자의 구매에 직접적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 요소로서 이를 제대로 측정하기 위한 표준화된 시험 방법 마련이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 무선이어폰에 대한 현황과 관련 표준 동향을 소개하고 이를 통해 개발된 무선이어폰 오디오 재생 시간 측정법을 제시하고자 한다. 또한 본 측정법은 국가표준인 한국산업표준(KS)으로 제정 후 국제표준(IEC)으로 제안할 예정이다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2020

본 연구는 이어폰의 구매 전부터 폐기까지 이어지는 과정에서 Z세대가 고객, 사용자로서 경험하는 요소에 대한 사용 행태를 분석하여 각 단계에 중점을 두어야 할 요소를 찾아 디자인, 기능 등의 사용자 경험을 향상한 제품 개발에 기초가 되고자 하는 연구이다. 이어폰의 고객 경험 및 사용자 경험에 대한 설문과 심층 인터뷰를 통해 Z세대의 이어폰 사용 행태를 분석하였다. 분석을 통해 공통적 또는 특징적으로 보이는 연구 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 브랜드 의존도 바탕의 사용자 경험과 경험의 공유 양상, 단순화된 디자인과 편의성 추구 등이었고 이는 Z세대의 라이프 스타일이 바탕이 된 연구 결과임을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 향후 소비의 주체가 될 Z세대의 특성을 활용할 제품 연구와 마케팅 전략에 기초 연구가 될 것이라고 기대한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2015

In this study, we evaluated the effects of static magnetic fields of earphones and headphones on pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators(ICDs). Five pacemakers and three ICDs were subjected to in-vitro test with three headphones which were an in-ear earphone, clip-on headphone, and closed-back headphone. Each implantable device was placed in close proximity(within 3 mm) to the ear-pad of each of the earphone and headphones for 3 min. As a result, no effects were observed on the pacemakers for the earphone and headphones during the test, but an effect was observed on one ICD for the clip-on and closed-back headphone during the test. When the ICD was placed in close proximity to the headphones, the ICD temporarily suspended functions of tachyarrhythmia detection and therapy. The effect was not observed in this study when the headphones were at least 2 cm from the ICD. Based on these findings, patients with ICDs should be advised to keep earphones and headphones at least 2 cm apart from their ICDs.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.126-136
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among use of earphones, stress level, and hearing threshold in university students. Methods: Study subjects included 210 university students (76 men, 134 women). Data were collected by questionnaire and audiometer from December 17 to 20, 2011. The SPSS win 19.0 program was used for data analysis by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: 1) 4KHz, 6KHz hearing threshold of subjects who used earphones was higher than average hearing threshold of same age group. 2) Not significant differences in hearing threshold were observed according to frequency of use, and stress level. 3) Significant differences in 4KHz hearing threshold were observed according to earphone volume. 4) A significant positive correlation was observed between frequency of use and stress level (r=0.15, p<.05), earphone volume, and 4KHz hearing threshold (left) (r=0.15, p<.05); however, a negative correlation was observed between stress level and 4KHz hearing threshold (right) (r=-0.14, p<.05). Conclusion: A significant positive correlation was observed between frequency of use and stress level and earphone volume and 4KHz hearing threshold (left). Development of a program for hearing conservation is needed.