• Plant Resources
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2002

The heading date is known to be controlled by two kinds of genetic constituent, photosensitivity and basic vegetable phase. For the latter, the effect of temperature in early growth period is critical to determine the shortness of vegetative growth periods in plant's life. A phytotron experiment on 55 rice cultivars, consisting of two ecotypes of rices, indica and japonica, was conducted at high and low temperature treatments at early growth stage to investigate the possible role of plant growth stimulus by high temperature to associate with shortening of heading date. The high temperature during the early growth stage stimulated the rice growth as measured by plant height with much difference of the growth response between indica and japonica. The conclusive finding that these growth stimulus in early growth stage was highly correlated with the acceleration of heading is, more or less, correlated with the heading of the late growth stage although we could not conclude the genes for early plant growth stimulus by high temperature is the same genes as the genes for accelerating of heading in the late growth stage of plants.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2003

Optimum transplanting time for extremely early rice cultivation as an after-crop of fruit and vegetables under greenhouse conditions in the southern area was determined. Rice was transplanted on March 10, March 20, March 30, April 10 and April 20 far three years from 1998 to 2000. Meteorological computations for rice production were high for heading between early May and early July, but they were too low for heading between late July and early August. Especially the expected yield predicted with 35,000 spikelets, the average spikelets per $m^2$ for extremely early transplanting. Computation for heading between late July and early August was low by 106 kg/10a compared with that yield at heading during the same period in the field. As the transplanting date in extremely early rice cultivation was earlier) rice growth at early stages was more retarded by low temperature. Rice growth at heading stage recovered with high temperature, showing less difference for the transplanting date. Abnormal tillers occurred by 15.5∼22.2%. The contribution of 1,000 grain weight${\times}$ripened grain ratio to yield of the extremely early rice cultivation in the greenhouse was 50.6%, indicating 16% hi일or than the degree of panicle per $m^2$ on yield. The estimated optimum transplanting time on the basis of yield for the extremely early greenhouse rice cultivation ranged from March 19 to April 28, and the estimated critical transplanting date on the basis of accumulated effective temperature was March 12. Rice reduced the amount of NO$_3$-N by 97.1% and EC by 90.5% in greenhouse soil with continuous fruit/vegetables fer more than a 10-year period, and completely removed the root-knot nematodes.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.468-472
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• 2001

출수 조.만에 따른 보리의 생육 및 수량변화를 알고자 최근 맥류 작황 24년('76~'99)자료와 그 중 출수기가 빨랐던 해와 늦었던 해를 추출하여 생육 및 수량과의 관계를 분석하였다. 1. 출수 조.만 그룹사이의 차이는 2월과 3월의 적산온도에 기인하며 특히 2월의 적산온도 차이에 고도의 유의성이 있었다. 2. 10월부터 12월까지의 적산온도가 $650^{\circ}C$ 정도되면 평년정도로 출수하고 62$0^{\circ}C$이하이면 출수 지연, 67$0^{\circ}C$이상이면 조기출수할 것이며 2월까지는 72$0^{\circ}C$되면 평년정도의 출구기일 것이고, $650^{\circ}C$이하이면 출수지연, 78$0^{\circ}C$이상이면 조기출수할 것으로 분석되었다. 3. 출수가 빨라지는 해의 온도유형을 분류하면 월동전 고온형, 월동기~재생기 고온형, 전생육기 고온형으로 나타났다. 4. 출수가 늦어지는 해는 월동~재생기 저온형과 3월 저온형으로 나뉘어졌다. 5. 출수기가 빠른 경우는 구분이 어려웠지만 출수기가 늦은 해는 월동기의 생육기간이 긴 형과 분얼기에 생육기간이 긴형, 전체 생육기간이 긴 형으로 나누어졌다. 6. 출수가 빠른 해의 수량이 출수가 늦은 해보다 많았는데 이는 수수의 증가에 기인한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1996

The experiment was conducted to inxvestigate matter production ability and growth characteristic variation for Italian ryegrass seed of introduced variety and the different seed production time of the next generation in paddy field at Iksan and Kyehwa experiment field from 1987 to 1988. Germination rate is good at seed production of 35 days before and after heading with introducced variety. Also, Early growth before wintering, dead leaf rate and regenerating day is same tendendy. Panicle numbers per hill like that and heading date is for 15~20 days after heading seed is late about three days, but 35 days before and after heading seed is early about one day. Fresh and drymatter yield at the different cutting time shows decrease in 15~25 days after heading seed but 35 days before and after heading seed is same or increase trend, it's notable at Kyehwa paddy field in reclaimed land. In case of feed value according to cutting time differ little against introduced seed.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1979

1. 전형적인 조숙성 재래종의 특성은 월동전에는 잎이 담녹색 광엽 직입이며 성숙시에는 화모이 짧고 직수이며 입중이 가볍다. 또한 내한성이 약한 재내종도 상기 조숙성 품종과 같은 특성을 지니고 있다. 이는 한숙성과 약한 내한성간에는 밀접한 관계가 있기 때문에 당연한 것으로 생각된다. 2. 강한 내한성과 관련된 특성은 않지 않으나 대체로 월동전에 포복형이거나 반포복형이며 엽색은 녹색 또는 암녹색을 띠며 협엽, 장간, 당숙인 경향이 있다. 2. 강한 내한성과 관련된 특성은 많지 않으나 대체로 월동전에 포복형이거나 반포복형이며 엽색은 녹색 또는 암록색을 띠며 협엽, 장간, 중숙인 경향이 있다. 3. 조숙성 집단에서 내한성이 강한 품종의 선발은 대단히 어렵고, 또한 매년 합리적인 내한성 검정을 실시하기란 극히 곤란하나, 본 내항성과 관련된 형질연구에서 중생인 재래종을 이용하므로서 내한성이 강한 품종이 선발가능성을 보여주고 있다. 4. 중생이며 내한성이 강한 품종과 관련이 있는 것으로 여겨지는 특성은 장망, 장수, 장립, 장간, 늘어진잎, 중간지엽폭 및 장, 중간화경장, 월동전의 반포복형 및 중간엽폭 등이며, 중생이며 내한성이 약한 지엽이 넓고, 월동전에 잎이 직입, 담록색, 광엽 등의 특성이 있다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.142-151
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• 2012

식물유전자원의 소재를 확대하고자 동진 1호 벼의 건조 종자에 감마선($^{60}Co$, 300 Gy)을 조사하여 선발한 조기출수 계통의 유전적 변이성을 분석하였다. 선발한 조기출수 계통의 $M_7$(2010년)과 $M_8$(2011년) 세대에서 평균 출수기는 대조품종인 동진 1호(중만생종) 보다 각각 11일(${\gamma}$-2 계통), 10일(${\gamma}$-5 계통), 6일(${\gamma}$-1 계통), 5일(${\gamma}$-3 계통), 4일(${\gamma}$-4 계통)이 빠르게 나타났다. ISSR 분석 결과, 선발계통의 유전적 다형성은 ${\gamma}$-2 계통 5.9%, ${\gamma}$-1 계통 7.5%, ${\gamma}$-4 계통 15.1%, ${\gamma}$-3 계통 15.3%, X-1 계통 19.4%, ${\gamma}$-5 계통 23.4%로 대조품종의 4.3% 보다 높게 나타나 방사선 조사로 DNA 수준에서 변이가 증가되었음을 확인하였다. 엽록체 DNA(rps16-trnK 영역) 분석 결과, 염기 길이는 대조 품종과 같은 664 bp인 반면, 총 5개 염기서열 영역에서 치환 변이가 발생하였고 그 중 6 bp 및 587 bp 영역의 변이는 선발 계통에서만 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1985

추파 대·소맥의 조숙품종의 조기출수에 따른 개화등숙 및 수량성 변화를 구명하고자 대맥품종 조강보리, 밀양6호, 올보리, 동보리 1호 및 부농과 소맥품종 수원210호, 올밀, 조광 및 농림16호 등을 공시포장조건에서 파종기 차이와 장일처리로써 조기출수 및 출수기 차이를 유도하여 본 실험을 수행하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 파종기 및 장일처리에 의해 대·소맥에서 15일 출수기 차이가 유도되었으나, 성숙기는 불과 2∼6밖에 촉진되지 않았다. 2. 조기출수한 경우 출수∼개화 일수 및 등숙일수가 연장되었으며, 출수∼개화 일수 연장이 더 큰 것으로 나타났고, 이들 기간과 평균기온 간에는 각각 고도의 부상관이 있었다. 3. 조기출수만 것일수록 등숙초기의 엽면적은 좁았고, 엽면적유지기간(Leaf area duration)은 컸으며, 순동화율(NAR)은 낮았다. 4. 조기출수한 것에서 천립중은 증가하였으나 종실수량은 현저히 감소하였는데 이는 주로 수수 및 일수입수의 감소에 기인하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.171-171
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• 2022

Effect of temperature during the period of 10 days from transplanting (10 DFT) on the growth and development of rice plants was investigated by transplanting semi-adult seedlings six times from 5 April to 15 May at 10-day interval in the field conditions of 2020 and 2021, with aims to investigate the critical temperature for early transplanting of temperate rice. In the two experimental years, mean temperature for 10 DFT appeared 9.1, 10.5, 11.6, 13.8, 13.9, 16.2, 16.4, 16.7, 17.1, 17.8℃ depending on the transplanting date. Mean temperature of 9.1℃ and 10.5℃ for 10 DFT appeared in the April 5 and April 15 transplants in 2020 showed negative or no effect on the increase of rice growth and acceleration of heading date when compared to those of right after transplanting treatments in the same year. Mean temperature of 11.6℃ for 10 DFT appeared in the April 5 transplant in 2021 demonstrated greater biomass from early to heading stage but the same heading date compared to April 15 transplant, indicating that 11.6℃ for 10 DFT had a positive effect on rice growth but no effect on advanced heading. Both more biomass and advanced heading stage were observed when the mean temperature for 10 DFT was 13.8℃ or higher, compared to those of right after transplanting treatments. These findings indicate that effective 10-DFT mean temperature for rice growth exists between 10.5 and 11.6℃, and that for rice development in terms of heading stage lies between 11.6 and 13.8℃ in natural condition. Further field and indoor studies are suggested to narrow down the critical temperature for early transplanting of temperate rice, which will enable to maximize the crop period in high altitude regions with low temperature.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2024

Due to climate change and the expansion of cultivation areas through the use of reclaimed land, changes in the selection of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) varieties are anticipated. This study was conducted to compare the growth characteristics before overwintering, productivity, and feed value of eight Italian ryegrass varieties with different maturing stages under the same cultivation conditions. The variety 'Lm4ho', a medium-maturing type, showed superior growth characteristics before overwintering, including plant height, leaf length, and leaf width. The heading date was advanced in all varieties, with a greater degree of advancement observed in varieties with earlier heading dates. When harvested at the heading stage of the early-maturing types, the dry matter yield of the medium-maturing types was not significantly different from that of the early-maturing types. However, when harvested at the heading stage of the medium-maturing types, the dry matter yield was higher than that of the early-maturing types. Specifically, 'Lm4ho' produced 2,518 kg/ha more than 'Kowinearly'. The late-maturing variety IR901 and the medium-maturing varieties 'Lm4ho' and 'Kowinmaster' showed statistically superior dry matter yields. In terms of forage value, including crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and relative feed value (RFV), the medium- and late-maturing types outperformed the early-maturing types. Notably, 'Lm4ho', 'IR 901', and 'Hwasan 104' were evaluated as suitable varieties for high-quality forage production. These results suggest that medium-maturing varieties may be suitable for double cropping in the central regions due to climate change. We propose that future breeding of Italian ryegrass should expand from focusing on cold tolerance and early-maturing varieties to include medium- and late-maturing varieties that consider both productivity and quality.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2007

Rice is a facultative short-day plant that flowers in response to reduced day lengths. This study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci(QTL) for the early heading date(EHD) using H143 line showing extreme EHD compared to other regular cultivars in rice. The japonica H143 was crossed with a japonica cultivar 'Dongjinbyeo' as well as a tongil cultivar 'Milyang23' to measure the inheritance mode of EHD and identify major QTL conferring EHD, respectively. Pooling test revealed that segregation distortion occurred on chromosome 7 and subsequent linkage map was constructed using 10 SSR markers. QTL analysis using Q-gene 3.06 revealed that the EHD trait in H143 was largely controlled by two major QTL, EH7-1 and EH7-2, accounting for more than 40% of genetic variation that were closely related to the previously reported QTL, Hd4 and Hd2, respectively. This result suggests that these two QTL markers may be a useful source for the control of heading date in rice breeding programs.