• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.511-516
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of differently maturing corn hybrids on silage production and milk production per unit area in the northern part of Japan, where grain development occurs under decreasing ambient temperature. Both hybrids were harvested at the same time. The stages of maturity for the early-maturing hybrids (EH; 80 d relative maturity) and the mid-maturing hybrids (MH; 93 d relative day) were early dent and late dough stage, respectively. The plant yields for MH were higher than those for EH. The dry matter (DM) content of MH was lower than that for EH, and the effluent loss for MH silage was greater than that for EH silage. Therefore, the DM yields of prepared silage per area were similar for both treatments. Twelve multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows ($58{\pm}13$ days in milk) were fed diets based on EH or MH silage in a crossover design with two 3-week periods. Cows were fed 3 kg of hay crop silage (DM basis) and either EH or MH silage ad libitum, and concentrates were supplied to meet NRC requirement for dairy cows. Silage DM intake for EH was found to be higher (p<0.05) than that for MH (10.0 vs. 9.1 kg/day). Milk production and milk composition for EH were similar to those for MH. Feed efficiency per total feed intake was similar in both treatments, although the feed efficiency per concentrate intake tended to be higher for the EH than that for the MH diet. These results indicate that differences in maturation in corn hybrids affect the effluent production of silage and the silage intake of dairy cows. It may be advantageous to plant early hybrid corn with a reduction in effluent production of silage as well as a reduction in purchased feed costs for dairy cows under the climatic conditions of the northern part of Japan.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to find out the response of orchardgrass (Dactylis glorneruta L.) varieties to grazing at the condition of monocultures and mixed pastures on the field of Livestock Experiment Station at Suwon from Sep. 1989 to Oct. 1991. The varieties of orchardgrass used in this experiment were Potomac, Hallmark and Syn. No. 2 as a early maturing type, and Lidacta, Rancho and Syn. No. 10 as a late maturing type. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Herbage utilization of mixture with Hallmark variety(T2) was the highest as 78.2% and that with Rancho variety(T5) was the lowest as 70.2%. but there was no difference(P>0.05). Mixtures with early maturing varieties(T1, T2 and T3) were higher as 77.4% than those with late varieties(T4, T5 and T6) as 72.9% in herbage utilization. In monocultures Rancho variety(T5) was the highest as 68.6% and Lidacta variety(T4) was the lowest as 58.8%, and mixtures with early maturing varieties(T1, T2 and T3) as 66.6% were higher than those of late(T1, 72 and 73) as 64.6%. 2. The content of crude protein of 6 mixed pastures ranged from 19.7% to 22.8%, and those of ether extracts, crude fiber, crude ash and nitrogen free extract were 6.6 to 7.5%, 24.9 to 26.2'76, 1 1.5 to 1 1.9% and 33.6-35.4 8, respectively, But there were not different significantly(P>0.05). In monocultures, significant difference by variety was observed in crude protein content(P<0.05). 3. In botanical composition, there was just a little different among 6 mixtures, having 90% or more in grass percentage. The percentages of each orchardgrass varieties were decreased, but those of perennial ryegrasses were increased as grazing sesson was progressed in all treatment.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.48-52
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• 1976

잣나무 종자(種子)의 무게, 크기(길이 및 두께) 및 성숙기(成熟期)(올잣과늦잣)가 묘목(苗木)의 초기생장(初期生長)(묘종당년생장(苗種當年生長)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 알기 위(爲)하여 강원대학연습림(江原大學演習林)에서 채취(採取)한 종자(種子)를 재료(材料)로 종자(種子)의 무게, 크기 및 성숙기별(成熟期別)로 비교적(比較的) 균일(均一)한 환경조건하(環境條件下)에서 일년간(一年間) pot재배(栽培)하여 각생장(各生長)(묘목(苗木)의 생중량(生重量, 묘장(苗丈), 묘경(苗徑), 지하부장(地下部長), 자엽수(子葉數), 자엽장(子葉長))을 조사검토(調査檢討)했는바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 발아율(發芽率)은 종자(種子)의 무게 및 크기의 차이(差異)에는 영향(影響)을 받지 않으나, 성숙기별(成熟期別)로는 차이(差異)가 있어 늦잣이 올잣보다 높은 발아율(發芽率)을 보이고 있었다. 2. 성숙기별(成熟期別) 영향(影響)은 발아율(發芽率)에 대(對)한 기여율(寄與率) 18.3%였다. 3. 종자(種子)의 무게, 길이 및 두께의 차이(差異)는 묘목(苗木)의 초기(初期) 각생장(各生長)에 크게 영향(影響)을 주어, 무게나 크기가 클수록 각생장(各生長)도 컸다. 특(特)히 종자(種子)의 무게나 길이 및 두께의 차이(差異)는 묘목(苗木)의 생중량(生重量), 묘경(苗徑) 및 자엽장(子葉長)에 대(對)한 영향(影響)이 커서 약(約) 50~90%까지 달(達)하고 있었다. 4. 종자(種子)의 무게나 두께의 차(差)가 종자(種子)의 길이의 차(差)보다 초기생장(初期生長)에 더욱 큰 영향(影響)을 주는 경향(傾向)이었다. 5. 성숙기별(成熟期別)로는 늦잣이 올잣보다 묘목(苗木)의 생중량(生重量), 묘경(苗徑) 및 자엽장(子葉長)에 있어서 우세(優勢)했으나 그 영향(影響)은 크지 못했다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2004

Typhoon "MAEMI", happened in September 2003, hit the great damage to Gyeongnam province area. Especially, rice plant was lodged or severe leaf damage was caused. This study was conducted to find out the extents of leaf damage among different rice cultivars, and to evaluate rice yield and eating quality due to leaf damage after typhoon. Rice cultivars torn off over half of the flag leaf length (FLL) were one medium-late maturing cultivar (Donginl), medium maturing cultivar (Yeonganbyeo), eight early maturing cultivars (Samcheonbyeo, Jounghwnbyeo, Munjangbyeo, Taebongbyeo, Odaebyeo, Samhaegbyeo, Sobaegbyeo, Sinunbongbyeo), two long-il type cultivars (Samgangbyeo, Namcheonbyeo), and three special use cultivars (Heukseonchalbyeo, Jinbuchalbyeo, Yangjobyeo). Cultivars torn off below 1/10 FLL were eight medium-late maturing cultivars (Chucheongbyeo, Daecheongbyeo, Saechu cheongbyeo, Donganbyeo, Daeyabyeo, Hwamyeongbyeo, 방eongsanbyeo, Dongjinbyeo) and two medium maturing cultivays (Donghaebyeo, Gumobyeo2). The rest cultivars were tore off by 1/10∼1/2 ELL. In yield components, the longer was flag leaf damage, the lower was ripened grain ratio, grain weight and brown/rough rice ratio, which was severly impacted to late than to ordinary season cultivation. However, rice yield did not decrease up to tearing by 1/10 ELL. Head rice ratio decreased from flag leaf tearing over 1/10 ELL in late season cultivation. The longer was flag leaf damage, the lower was eating quality, which could not show significantly different.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2011

본시험은 2모작 작부체계적응 다수성이며 조숙성인 헤어리베치의 품종을 선발하기 위하여 실시하였다. 생산력검정은 조생종 Cold green, Haymaker plus, Cappello와 중만생종 Cheong pa, Challenger, Hungvillosa 및 Latigo의 생육특성, 건물수량, 사초품질을 평가하기 위하여 경북성주에서 2009년부터 2011년까지 수행되었다. 시험설계는 품종을 처리로 7처리 3반복의 난괴법으로 배치하였다. 파종은 2009년 9월 26일과 2010년 10월 11일에 하였으며 수확은 2010년과 2011년 공히 4월 30일에 실시하였다. 내한성은 울리포드베치인 Haymaker plus와 Cappello가 다른 헤어리베치품종에 비해 약간 낮았다. 50% 개화기는 Cold green이 4월 23일로 가장 빨랐으며, Haymaker plus와 Cappello가 각각 4월 26일과 4월 24일로 비슷했으며, Cheong pa와 Challenger는 5월 13일로 같았고, Hungvillosa 5월 17일, Latigo 5월 22일이었다. 1년차 시험에서 건물수량은 Cold green이 Haymaker plus를 제외하고 제일 높았으며 (P<0.05), Haymaker plus는 다른 품종들 보다 높았으며(P<0.05), Cappello, Cheong pa, Challenger는 Hungvillosa와 Latigo 보다 높았다(P<0.05). 2년차 시험에서 Cold green이 가장 높았으며 (P<0.05), Haymaker plus는 다른 품종들 보다 높았고(P<0.05), Cappello는 Hungvillosa와 Latigo 보다 높았고(P<0.05), Cheong pa와 Challenger는 Latigo 보다 높았다(P<0.05). 베치의 CP 함량은 높았고 ADF 함량은 낮았다. 본 시험의 결과에 의하면 가을파종베치의 품종은 조생품종이 양호했으며 차선으로 중만생품종중에서 선택할 경우 개화기가 빠른 품종이 좋은 것으로 생각된다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.21-22
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• 1999

'초하(初夏)'는 농촌진흥청 원예연구소에서 1986년에 'N.Y. 472'에 'Early Orange'를 교배하여 얻은 교잡종자로부터 유래된 조생, 내열과성 살구 품종으로, 1992년에 1차선발하고 1995년부터 3년간 '원교 사-05' 계통명으로 지역적응성을 검토하여 1997년에 최종선발 및 명명된 살구 품종이다. 이 품종은 성숙전 강우에 의한 열과 및 당도 저하가 없으며, 과피가 적황색으로 착색되어 외관이 우수하고, 식미가 좋다. 숙기는 6월 하순으로 우리 나라의 살구 재배품종 중에서는 가장 빠르며, 당도는 $12.5^oBx$로 높고, 산미가 적으며, 과중은 60g 내외로 조생종 살구 품종으로서는 큰 편이다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 1991

For the constitution of forage cropping system including the double-cropping of corn, attention has been directed towards the early and short maturing varieties of corn such as Comet 80, Comet 85 and Linda as a component forage crop of forage cropping system. Four corn varieties, Comet 80, Comet 85, Linda and Suwon 19 were planted delayedly by each of 45, 55 and 65 days from the recommended sowing date of suwon 19. Under these condition, growth characteristics and late-sowing adaptability of 4 corn varieties were investigated, and the results are summarized as follows; 1. The variety of suwon 19 did not reach the stage of silking in the occasion of late sowing by 50 days from the optimum sowing time for mono cropping of suwon 19. However early varieties such as Comet 80, Comet 85 and Linda silked under the condition of 65 days-delayed sowing from the recommended sowing time of Suwon 19 for mono-cropping. 2. Early varieties of Comet 80, Comet 85 and Linda were so grown by approximately 92% in plant height, 66% in ear height, 88% in stem diameter and 81% in leaf number respectively compared to Suwon 19 at each of three delayed sowing time that exhibited the dwarfish appearance of canopy. 3. Days from sowing to silking decreased as the sowing time was delayed and the average days from sowing to silking in the sowing treatments of 55 days-delayed of Suwon 19, Comet 80, Comet 85 and Linda were 61, 46, 47 and 51 days, respectively. 4. The size of variations of plant height and ear height influenced by delayed-sowing time was comparatively larger in the varieties of Suwon 19 and Linda than in those of Comet 80 and Comet 85. 5. As sowing time was delayed from the optimum sowing time of Suwon 19 for mono-cropping, ear content decreased from 0% of Suwon 19 at 55 day-delayed sowing treatment to 3540% of Comet 80 and Comet 85 at 65 days-delayed sowing treatment.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2015

This study was conducted to know the variation and relationship of rice grain quality and starch pasting properties by transplanting times. Two early maturing rice cultivars which accounted for the most area of early maturing rice cultivar in Chungnam province were used. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications. The main plot consisted of three transplanting times viz. early (April 25), ordinary (May 25) and late (June 25) with sub-plots containing two cultivars. According to the transplanting times, most of rice grain quality and starch pasting properties showed significant difference and Joami showed higher grain quality than Unkwang in all transplanting times. Especially, rice grain quality was improved when transplanted late, showing high head rice and glossiness of cooked rice due to the lower mean temperature during grain filling stage. Glossiness of cooked rice was positively correlated with head rice ratio, amylose content and setback value, and negatively correlated with chalky rice ratio and protein content. The highest positive and negative correlation were observed between breakdown value and peak viscosity ($r=0.98^{**}$), and breakdown and setback ($r=-0.94^{**}$), respectively. These results provide some information for rice researchers and producers producing cultivars with an improved quality, suggesting that rice quality is highly influenced by temperature at grain filling stage, and transplanting times is crucial in improving rice quality. In addition, starch pasting properties are useful for determining rice quality because rice grain quality and starch pasting properties are dependent on each other.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.447-463
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the histomorphological changes and the electrophoretic patterns of egg components, obtained from 100 of 2-year-old female catfishes (Silurus asotus). Female Korean catfishes collected in the vicinity of Chollabukdo have synchronous ovaries which discontinously ovulate eggs during the breeding season (from late May until early July). The fishes were killed by severing the spinal cord just posterior to the head after immobilization with tricaine methanesulfonate (MS 222). Especially, the light microscopic and ultrastructural changes of ooplasm and follicular membranes of oocytes, were examined by means of light and transmission electron microscopy. The size of the nucleoli and number of the yolk granules increased as the oocyte groved. Yolk granules were deposited in the oocyte as fluid Due to tile presence of large early and late maturing oocytes, their ovaries were enlarged, transparent, granular and greenish in color. As the percentages of fish in late maturing oocyte (LMO) and ripe oocyte (RO) stage increased from March to April, mean gonadosomatic index (GSI) values (19.95%) increased. Zona radiata changed from squamous into cuboid in shape in the early maturing oocyte (EMO) stage. Processes, microvilli, from the zona radiata and from the oocyte grow, and make contact with each other in the pore canals of the zona radiata during vitellogenesis, but are withdrawn as the zona radials becomes more compact and devoid of pore canals during oocyte maturation. Seasonal changes in the microscopic appearance of the ovaries were well correlated with those in both gonadosomatic index and macroscopic appearance. The main cytological changes such as increase in size of cell, nucleus, nucleolus, and increase in number of nucleoli and mitochondria demonstrated with electron microscopy in the previtellogenic oocytes of Korean catfish, provided evidences for important synthetic processes in an early preparatory phase of oocyte development. The electrophoretic pattern of major band in mature stage was much thicker (24 k, 66 k, 90-110k dalton) than that in previtellogenic phase.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2023

This study was conducted in Cheonan of central region in South Korea to evaluate the forage characteristics of early-maturing Italian ryegrass (IRG) within September, 2021 to June, 2023. The three different varieties of Italian ryegrass were prepared in this study 'Kogreen', 'Kospeed' and 'Kowinearly'. The results of heading date in this study, 'Kogreen' was the earliest in among cultivars and recorded 24th of April, whereas 'Kowinearly' was recorded the latest. In case of plant length parameter, 'Kowinearly' was the highest, in addition lodge tolerance score 'Kowinearly' also superior in whole cultivars. The dry matter yield of 'Kowinearly' was recorded significantly the highest (11,027 kg/ha), in contrast 'Kospeed' was recorded significantly the lowest (8,455 kg/ha). As a result of ADF and NDF content 'Kospeed' was recorded excellent value as compared the other two cultivars. The CP content of this study was excellent in the order of 'Kospeed' > 'Kowinearly' > 'Kogreen'. In case of the monosaccharides content 'Kogreen' had relatively higher glucose and fructose content than other four cultivars, therefore the 'Kogreen' has advantage for preparing high quality of silage. In conclusion, among the three different early varieties of Italian ryegrass, 'Kowinearly' was the superior in forage productivity, 'Kospeed' was the highest in feed value and 'Kospeed' had the highest in glucose and fructose content.