• 한국어병학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2021

Rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) is a highly valued aquaculture species in Korea. However, the aquaculture industry suffers huge economic losses due to rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) infection in summer. The objective of this study was to determine genetic diversity and relationships of DNAs isolated from two groups of rock bream after RBIV infection using five microsatellite (MS) markers. The first group of fish died early and the second group of fish died later after RBIV infection. In this experiment, 90 fish (5.1±1.0 cm and 4.1±1.3 g) were injected with 50 μl of RBIV (10⁴ TCID⁵⁰/ml) and maintained at 26℃ for 15 days. Genomic DNAs were extracted from fins of 20 fish that died earlier or later after RBIV infection. These DNAs were subjected to genotyping using five MS markers (CA-03, CA3-05, CA3-06, CA-10, and CA3-36). Of these markers, CA3-05 (early death group), CA3-06 (late death group), and CA3-36 (both early and late death groups) showed different alleles distribution rates. In-depth studies are needed to provide valuable information for selecting RBIV-resistant fish. In conclusion, microsatellite marker distribution pattern differences between early- and late- death groups of rock bream after RBIV infection showing different RBIV susceptibilities were determined using MS markers and genotyping. Results of this study suggest that MS markers could be used to facilitate the selection of RBIV resistant rock bream.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제5권
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• pp.35-66
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• 2003

This article dealt with the formation and dissolution of tautological structure in the Frank Stella's work from 1959 to 1980 years by the analysis of signifier. A characteristic of Stella's work change is that it has the gradual progress which condensed into three periods -1) the formation and fixation period of tautological structure 2) the relaxation period of tautological structure and 3) the dissolution period of tautological structure. In other words, the early works of stella in the early 1960s has the structure which minimize differences in one hand, and maximize strictness, clearness, and identity on the other hand However, the stella's work from mid 1960s to mid 1970s extend differences gradually, while keeping a characteristic of prior work. And the stella's work after late 1970s has the decentered disintegration, namely anti-tautological structure which maximize differences. 'The formation and dissolution of tautological structure' in the Stella's work could be understood in relation to the fact that the Greenberg's modernist canon has loss the power gradually after late 1960s. That is to say, the dissolution of tautological structure in the late stella's work could be interpreted as the inevitable product which is produced in the searching for a new canon of painting. However, on the other hand, the structural change of stella's work in the late 20th Century is also understood in relation to the broader context, the social, and cultural context. Here, it is interpreted as the one of typical example which reflect a social and cultural convulsion designated as a 'Coming of Postmodernism'. In short, the late Stella's work which emphasize differences and unclearness, while diverging from early Stella's work which stress identity and rationality could be interpreted that it has the homology with the change of ways of thinking in the late 20th century Society.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.144-151
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• 2015

Background: The consensus is that a bony Bankart lesion shorter than 25% of the length of glenoid does not affect the clinical result; hence, such lesions were often neglected. However, small bony Bankart lesions are associated with various types of capsulolabral lesions. Methods: A total of 82 patients who had undergone arthroscopic capsulolabral lesion repair surgery for anterior shoulder dislocation were reviewed. The prevalence rates of early and late type of capsulolabral lesions were compared between a group of patients with and a group without small bony Bankart lesions. In addition, the types of accompanying capsulolabral lesion were analyzed according to the type of bony Bankart lesion. Finally, the clinical outcomes were evaluated (active range of motion, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score and Rowe's score). Results: Among the 13 patients who had small bony Bankart lesions, the prevalence rate of early and late type of capsulolabral lesions was 38.5% and 61.5%, respectively. Among the 69 patients without bony Bankart lesion, the prevalence rates of early and late type of capsulolabral lesions were 74% and 26%, respectively. Significantly worse clinical outcome was observed for the group of patients with both small bony Bankart lesions and late type of capsulolabral lesion. Conclusions: More severe type of small bony Bankart lesion appears to be associated with late type of capsulolabral lesion. The significantly worse clinical outcome for patients with both small bony Bankart lesion and late type of capsulolabral lesion indicates that small bony Bankart lesions cannot always be neglected.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.233-233
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• 2012

I review the dependence of galaxy properties on environmental parameters such as the local density, nearest neighbor distance and morphology. We find that a galaxy with an early- or late-type nearest companion within its virial radius tends to be an early or late type, respectively. The morphology of galaxies located in high density regions tends to be the same as that of the ones in low density regions if their luminosity and the nearest neighbor environment are the same. This strongly supports that galaxy morphology and luminosity evolution have been driven mainly by galaxy-galaxy interactions, and the background density affected morphology and luminosity only through the frequency of interactions.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.880-892
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• 2013

약물방출 스텐트 (drug-eluting stents, DES)는 일반금속 스텐트에 비하여 재협착을 현저하게 줄었지만, DES의 구조적인 특성으로 인한 스텐트 혈전증 (stent thrombosis, ST)이 증가한다고 알려져 있다. 혈전증 유형의 정의는 Early ST ; (EST)은 30일 이내, Late ST ; (LST)은 31일 이상에서 1년 이내 그리고 Very late ST ; (VLST)은 1년 이상으로 분류 하였다. 스텐트 세대별 (시장 출시와 스텐트 디자인, Polymer 향상에 따른) ST발생빈도, 임상 양상 및 예후를 알아보았다. 2003년 6월부터 2013년 6월까지의 전남대학교병원 심혈관센터에서 경피적 관상동맥 중재술을 시행 받은 10,273명 중 ST 발생은 134명 (1.30%) 이었다. 세대별 발생빈도는 1세대에서 81명 (0.79%)으로 높았으며, 세대별 ST 유형은 1세대에서는 VLST의 발생률이 높았고 (p=0.002), 2세대에서는 EST와 LST의 발생률이 높았지만 (p=0.025), 3세대에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.278). ST로 인하여 사망한 14명은 EST 10명 (18.2%), LST 2명 (8.3%), VLST 2명 (3.6%)로서 EST에서 사망률이 높았다 (p=0.042). DES 시술 후 발생하는 ST는 1.3% 이였고, VLST는 1세대 스텐트에서 많았으며, 입원 중 사망률은 EST에서 높았다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.52-56
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• 1981

대두(大豆)를 파종기(播種期) 5 월(月) 20 일(日)과 6 월(月) 20 일(日)에 파종(播種)하고 잡초(雜草)의 경합기간(競合期間)과 잡초방제기간(雜草防除期間)을 각각 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 주(週) 또는 전생육기간(全生育期間)으로 할 때 작물(作物)과 잡초(雜草)와의 경합양상(競슴樣相)과 대두(大豆)의 감수(減收)를 적게 할 수 있는 최소잡초방제기간(最少雜草防除期問)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 1979년(年)과 1980년(年)에 포장시험(圃場試驗)을 실시(實施)하였다. l. 본(本) 시험포장(試驗圃場)의 우점잡초(優占雜草)는 쇠비름, 중대가리풀, 개갓냉이, 명아주, 깨풀, 피, 바랭이와 여뀌 등이었다. 2. 잡초(雜草)의 건물중(乾物重)은 잡초(雜草)의 경합기간(競合期間)이 길수록 증가(增加)되었으며 특히 만파(晩播)에 비하여 조파(早播)할 때 그 경향(傾向)은 더욱 현저하였다. 대두(大豆)의 수량(收量)은 잡초(雜草)의 경합기간(競合期間)이 길어짐에따라 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)이었으나 생육초기(生育初期)에만 경합(競合)하면 만파(晩播)할 때 감수율(減收率)이 컸지만 12 주(週)이후에는 조파(早播)한 경우에 감수정도(減收程度)가 심하였다. 3. 잡초방제기간(雜草防除期間)이 길수록 잡초(雜草)의 건물중(乾物重)은 두 파종기(播種期)에서 모두 감소(減少)되었으나 대두(大豆)의 수량(收量)은 증가(增加)되는 경향(傾向)이었다. 대두(大豆)의 감수율(減收率)은 잡초방제기간(雜草防除期間)이 길어짐에 따라 적어졌으며 만파(晩播)한 경우에 감수정도(減收程度)가 더 심하였다. 따라서 만파(晩播)하면 잡초문제(雜草問題)가 더 클 것으로 예상되며 적어도 대두(大豆) 파종후(播種後) 6주이상(週以上)은 잡초(雜草)를 제거(除去)해야 할 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.209-213
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• 1986

사과, 복숭아, 배나무등을 가해(加害)하는 진딧물의 종류(種類)와 우점종(優占種) 및 발생소장(發生消長)을 $'82{\sim}'84$년(年)까지 농기연(農技硏)과 원예시험장(園藝試驗場)의 살충제(殺蟲劑) 무살포(無撤布) 과수원(果樹園)에서 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 사과나무를 가해(加害)하는 진딧물은 사과혹진딧물과 조팝나무진딧물로 우점종(優占種)은 $4{\sim}7$월(月)에 사과혹진딧물, $8{\sim}10$월(月)에 조팝나무진딧물로 시기(時期)에 따라서 변화(變化)하였고, 사과혹진딧물은 6월상순(月上旬), 8월상순(月上旬), 10월상순(月上旬)에, 조팝나무진딧물은 6월상순(月上旬), 8월중순(月中旬), 9월하순(月下旬)에 최대밀도(最大密度)를 형성(形成)하였다. 그 이후(以後)에는 복숭아가루진딧물진딧물이었으며, 복숭아혹진딧물은 5월하순(月下旬)$\sim$6월상순(月上旬), 복숭아가루진딧물은 6월중순(月中旬)과 10월중순(月中旬)에 최대밀도(最大密度)를 형성(形成)하였다. 3. 배나무를 가해(加害)하는 진딧물은 배나무동글밑진딧물, 자주동글진딧물, 조팝나무진딧물등으로 우점종은 4월(月)$\sim$6월(月)과 10월(月)에는 배나무동글밑진 2. 복숭아나무를 가해(加害)하는 진딧물은 복숭아혹진딧물, 복숭아가루진딧물, 복숭아잎혹진딧물등으로 우점종(優占種)은 초봄에는 복숭아혹진딧물이었고 딧물, $7{\sim}9$월(月)에는 조팝나무진딧물이였으며, 배나무동글밑진딧물은 5월하순(月下旬)과 10월하순(月下旬)에 조팝나무진딧물은 6월상순(月上旬)과 9월상순(月上旬)에 최대밀도(最大密度)를 형성(形成)하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2015

Background Various focal heating devices are popular in Korea under the cultural influence of the traditional ondol under-floor method of home heating. These devices can cause severe burn-like injuries resulting from device malfunction or extended with low heat contact. In addition to injuries under these high heat contact, burns can be occurred by low heat exposure with prolonged periods despite the devices are properly functioning. In order to develop strategies to reduce the duration of periods of illness due to low-temperature burns, we analyzed and compared treatment methods and therapeutic periods for this type of injury. Methods This retrospective study included 43 patients burned under low heat conditions. Patients were divided into an operative group and a conservative group. The patients in the operative group underwent at least one surgical excision, and were further subdivided into early and late visit groups. The conservative group was treated only with dressings. We compared the treatment periods between the operative group and the conservative group, and also compared the preparation periods and treatment periods between the two operative groups. Results The average treatment period was significantly shorter in the operative group (P=0.02). In the early visit operative group, both wound preparation and treatment were briefer than in the late visit group. Conclusions We recommend that early proper burn care and early surgical intervention, including appropriate excision, are feasible ways to reduce the treatment period of lowtemperature burn patients.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2004

제주도 동부연안 시흥리에 서식하는 바지락의 월 별 생식소 발달과 산란시기를 파악하기 위해 2001년 5월부터 2002년 4월까지 시흥리 해안에서 바지락을 채집, 분석하였다. 채집지역의 수온은 10∼27$^{\circ}C$의 범위를 보였으며, 염분은 27∼35 psu의 연중변화를 보였다. 3월에 채집된 대부분 개체들의 생식소는 미분화기와 발달기의 상태로 관찰되었으며, 이 때 수온은 약 14$^{\circ}C$이었다. 6월에 채집한 개체들의 생식소는 대부분 발달기의 상태를 보였으며, 6월말부터 8월초까지 성숙하였다. 6월말부터 7월 중순까지 채집된 개체의 생식소는 발달기, 완숙기 및 부분산란기의 혼재된 양상을 띠었다. 직경이 55∼65$\mu\textrm{m}$ 범위의 성숙한 난들은 7월 중순과 8월초에 많이 관찰되었고, 연중 비만도의 평균값은 8월초에 가장 높았다. 산란은 6월말부터 부분적인 산란이 이루어져 9월까지 진행됐고, 주산란시기는 7월부터 8월까지인 것으로 관찰되었다. 이 연구의 결과는 제주도에 서식하는 바지락이 수온 25∼27$^{\circ}C$ 범위인 여름철에 산란한다고 볼수 있고, 식물플랑크톤의 번성시기와 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2020

Background: Stroke recovery is a long and complex process. Successful stroke recovery seems to be strongly associated with patients' high motivation and committed participation. Patients' motivation is a key determinant of successful rehabilitation outcomes, but it is difficult in defining and measuring. Patients' participation is defined as the degree or extent to which subjects take part in rehabilitation activities and can be measured by observable behavior. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of patients' level of participation in rehabilitation on functional outcomes in patients with stroke. Methods: Forty post-stroke inpatients participated in this study. The level of rehabilitation participation was measured by the Hopkins Rehabilitation Engagement Rating Scale (HRERS). Other measures used for the evaluation were the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) and Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). Overall measurements were made at early intervention and late intervention. Spearman correlation and multiple regression were used to measure the relationships between HRERS, RMI, and K-MBI. Results: The correlation found between HRERS total scores at early intervention and RMI total scores of late intervention was above moderate (r = 0.607, p < 0.01). RMI total scores at early intervention (p < 0.000), HRERS total scores at early intervention (p < 0.001), and disease duration (p < 0.003) were significant predictors of RMI total scores at late intervention. Conclusion: The level of participation at early intervention was associated with improvement in mobility. The level of mobility at early intervention, disease duration, and patients' participation at early intervention were important determinants of functional outcome. These findings suggest that patients' participation should be encouraged in order to achieve successful stroke recovery.