• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2022

The timing of seed harvesting is an important decision in the management of seed orchards because it affects seed quality and yield. To investigate the effect of cone harvest time on seed quality and determine the optimal harvesting time, cones were regularly collected in seven times and germination tests were performed at each harvest time in two clonal seed orchards of Chamaecyparis obtusa. As cones developed, the percentage of seed germination increased before cone moisture content began to decrease significantly. The moisture contents of cones were highest at the first collection as 68.3% and 67.3% in Jeju and Gochang seed orchards respectively. At this time, germination speed was slowest, indicating poor seed vigour. The highest germination was found at the second stage in Jeju (36.5%) and at the seventh stage in Gochang (28.6%) seed orchard. The germination speed increased as cone moisture content decreased. Additionally, changes of seed vigour differed among the developmental stages in both seed orchards. Consequently, the optimal cone harvest time of C. obtusa seed orchards in Jeju was early September when high germination percentage was obtained. In Gochang seed orchards, late October was optimal cone harvest time when the germination speed was fast and the cone moisture content decreased.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2022

This study elucidates the anti-cancer potential of gallic acid (GA) as a promising therapeutic agent that exerts its effect by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. To prove our research rationale, we used diverse experimental methods such as cell viability assay, colony formation assay, tumor spheroid formation assay, cell cycle analysis, TUNEL assay, Western blot analysis, xenograft mouse model and histological analysis. Treatment with GA inhibited cell proliferation in dose-dependent manner as measured by cell viability assay at 48 h. GA and cisplatin (CDDP) also inhibited colony formation and tumor spheroid formation. In addition, GA and CDDP induced apoptosis, as determined by the distribution of early and late apoptotic cells and DNA fragmentation. Western blot analysis revealed that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway induced upregulation of p53 (tumor suppressor protein), which in turn regulated cell cycle related proteins such as p21, p27, Cyclin D1 and E1, and intrinsic apoptotic proteins such as Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3. The anti-cancer effect of GA was further confirmed in an in vivo mouse model. Intraperitoneal injection with GA for 4 weeks in an A549-derived tumor xenograft model reduced the size of tumor mass. Injection of them downregulated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p-Akt, but upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in tumor tissues. Taken together, these results indicated that GA hindered lung cancer progression by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, suggesting that GA would be a potential therapeutic agent against non-small cell lung cancer.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.160-168
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• 1999

Butyrate는 탄소사슬이 짧은 지방산 중 하나로 소화되지 않은 식이성 섬유의 혐기적 발효결과 포유동물의 위장관내에 millimolar 농도로 유지되며 대장의 상피세포에서 흡수되어 energy원으로 사용된다. 70%정도 confluent하게 자란 사람의 대장암세포주인 HT29 cell에 5mM sodium butyrate를 시간별로 처리하고 세포의 생존율, 암세포의 분화정도의 biomarker로 알려진 alkaline phosphatase 및 PLC-rl의 발현정도를 측정하였으며 sphingolipid의 생합성 및 ceramidase 활성도 측정하였다. Sodium butyrate 처리는 성장중인 HT29 cell의 부착을 저해하여 처리 1일째부터 세포수가 감소하였고 형질막 효소인 alkaline phosphatase의 발현을 증가시켰으며 PLC-${\gamma}$의 발현을 감소시켰다. 또한, 복합 sphingolipid들의 생합성을 측정한 결과, 세포성장의 저해와 함께 sphingomyelin은 2일째부터 감소하였으며, galactosyl ceramide는 1일째부터 급속히 감소하였다. 그러나 ceramide의 경우, 1일째는 처리하기 전보다 680dpm/mg protein정도 증가하였으며 2일째에는 다시 급속히 감소하였다. 또한 butyrate처리에 의하여 HT29 cell의 acid ceramidase와 neutral ceramidase활성이 저해됨을 관찰하였는데 그 결과 ceramide함량이 초기에 증가된 것으로 생각된다. 본 실험결과들로부터 HT29 cell의 sodium butyrate처리는 세포분화 또는 세포성장저해를 가져오는데 이와 함께 초기의 ceramide함량 및 alkaline phosphatase활성의 증가와 galactosylceramide함량 및 LC-rl 발현의 감소현상이 동반됨을 알 수 있다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the analysis of apoptosis by Scirpi Tuber in Hela cell and MCF-7 cell. Methods: For cytotoxic effect of Scirpi Tuber extract, Scirpi Tuber extract were cultured on NIH3T3 cell in vitro. After treatment with various concentration of Scirpi Tuber, cell growth was evaluated in Hela cell and MCF-7 cell. Hoechst 33342 staining was performed to estimate DNA fragment effect of Scirpi Tuber on the apoptosis in Hela cell and MCF-7 cell. Annexin V/PI apoptosis assay was used to estimate the effects of Scirpi Tuber on the early apoptosis in Hela cell MCF-7 cell. All the stained cells were analyzed by a FACS. RT-PCR was used to estimate the apoptosis gene expression effect of Scirpi Tuber extract on Hela cell and MCF-7 cell. Results: Cytotoxic effect of Scirpi Tuber extract was not found on per NIH3T3 cell. The viability of Hela cell was significantly decreased Scirpi Tuber (500, $1000{\mu}g/m\ell$) in Hela cell 1day, 3day and 5days after treatment (p<0.01). The viability of MCF-7 cell was significantly decresed Scirpi Tuber ($1000{\mu}g/m\ell$) in MCF-7 cell (p<0.01), Scirpi Tuber ($500{\mu}g/m\ell$) in MCF-7 cell only 3days after treatment (p<0.01). In RT-PCR analysis, after treatment of $100{\mu}g/m\ell$ of ACR extract, BCL-2 were decreased and BAX, caspase-3 were increased both in Hela cell and MCF-7 cell. DNA fragmentation was observed the Scirpi Tuber on Hela cell and MCF-7 cell. As time goes on DNA fragmentation incresed. In Annexin V/PI apoptosis assay, after treatment of $1mg/m\ell$ of Scirpi Tuber, the early apoptotic cell increased both in Hela cell and MCF-7 cell. As time goes on apoptotic cell increased. Conclusion: Scirpi Tuber appears to have considerable activity on the apoptosis in Hela cell and MCF-7 cell.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2018

T-type calcium channels are low voltage-activated calcium channels that evoke small and transient calcium currents. Recently, T-type calcium channels have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and neural tube defects. However, their function during embryonic development is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the function and expression of T-type calcium channels in embryonic neural progenitor cells (NPCs). First, we compared the expression of T-type calcium channel subtypes (CaV3.1, 3.2, and 3.3) in NPCs and differentiated neural cells (neurons and astrocytes). We detected all subtypes in neurons but not in astrocytes. In NPCs, CaV3.1 was the dominant subtype, whereas CaV3.2 was weakly expressed, and CaV3.3 was not detected. Next, we determined CaV3.1 expression levels in the cortex during early brain development. Expression levels of CaV3.1 in the embryonic period were transiently decreased during the perinatal period and increased at postnatal day 11. We then pharmacologically blocked T-type calcium channels to determine the effects in neuronal cells. The blockade of T-type calcium channels reduced cell viability, and induced apoptotic cell death in NPCs but not in differentiated astrocytes. Furthermore, blocking T-type calcium channels rapidly reduced AKT-phosphorylation (Ser473) and $GSK3{\beta}$-phosphorylation (Ser9). Our results suggest that T-type calcium channels play essential roles in maintaining NPC viability, and T-type calcium channel blockers are toxic to embryonic neural cells, and may potentially be responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.233-239
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• 1997

Embryos of most mammalian species grown in vitro would undergo developmental arrest at the approximate time of genomic activation. Stage-specific cell block and the resulting rapid loss of embryo viability in conventional culture media have limited the duration for which embryos may be cultured prior to transfer. As a result, embryos are usually transferred to the uterus at the 4-to 8-cell stage to avoid the loss of viability associated with long-term in vitro culture. Early transfer has led to asynchrony of the endometrium-trophectoderm interaction at the time of implantation and a resultant reduction in the rate of implantation. To overcome these problems, a variety of co-culture systems has been devised in which embryos can develop for a longer period prior to embryo transfer. Vero cells, derived from African green monkey kidney, share a common embryologic origin with cells from the genital tract. In addition, they are potentially safe to use, since they are highly controlled for viruses and other contaminants. Therefore, co-culture using Vero cells has been widely utilized to enhance embryo viability and development, although not without controversies. We thus designed a series of experiments to demonstrate whether Vero cells do indeed enhance mouse embryo development as well as to compare the efficacy of co-culturing mouse 1-cell embryos on Vero cell monolayer in both Ham's F-10 and human tubal fluid (HTF) culture media. 1-cell stage ICR mouse embryos were cultured either in the presence of Vero cells (Group A) or in conventional culture medium alone (Group B). In Ham's F-10 significantly more 3-to-8cell embryos developed in group A than group B (59.8 versus 10.0%; p<0.01). In contrast, there was no significant difference in embryonic development both group A and group B in HTF. However, significant differences were noted only in later embryonic stage (13 and 0%; p<0.05 of group A and B respectively, hatching or hatched). In Ham's F-10, we also could observe the beneficial effect of Vero cell on hatching process (70.7 and 42.1%; p<0.05 of group A and group B respectively).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.657-664
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• 2008

Purposes: The aim of this study was to evaluate pulp healing, periodontal healing, root development of autotransplantation of immature third molars and show its viability in treatment of early loss of tooth in young patients Materials and methods: In this article we performed a retrospective study with 41 transplanted teeth in 36 patients. The Mean age at the time of surgery was 17 years(range $13{\sim}24$ years) and mean postoperative follow up period was 2.4 years(range $1{\sim}6$ years) We evaluated the survival rate, pulp healing, periodontal healing, root development of the above teeth Results: At the last examination 40 teeth among 41 transplants were still present so survival rate was 97.6%. The pulpal healing was found in 38 teeth of 41 transplants. The periodontal healing was found in 38 transplants. The continuous root development was seen in 38 transplants. Conclusions: From the above results, the autotransplantation of immature third molars was found to be a useful and reliable treatment method for early loss of teeth in adolescents and young adults.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 한국 음식의 양념류, 향신료로 많이 사용해온 생강의 여러 성분 중 (6)-gingerol을 3T3-L1 preadipocyte에 처리하였을 때 지방세포의 증식과 분화되는 과정에 미치는 영향에 대해 관찰해보고자 하였다. 실험 결과 (6)-gingerol의 첨가량이 증가할수록 세포의 증식이 유의적으로 억제되었다. 지방 분화과정 중에서의 (6)-gingerol은 분화초기에는 효과가 나타나지 않았지만, 지방세포로의 변화가 가속화되는 중기 과정에 관여하는 $PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$는 (6)-gingerol의 처리로 두 유전자의 발현이 억제되는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 후기 관련 유전자인 FABP4, AP2의 발현도 (6)-gingerol의 처리군에서 발현이 유의적으로 감소되었다. 또한, 지방세포에서만 분비되는 adipocytokine 중 leptin 발현에는 (6)-gingerol의 처리가 유의적으로 억제되었으나, adiponectin의 경우에는 유의적인 효과는 나타나지 않았다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.433-444
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• 2001

This review highlights the ontogenesis and the differentiation of motor neuron in spinal cord, and introduce the survival motor neuron(SMN) which is associated with growth and survival of motor neurons. The differentiation of floor plate cells and motor neurons in the vertebrate neural tube appears to be induced by signals from the notochord. This signal is Sonic hedgehog(Shh). The early development of motor neurons involves the inductive action of Shh. The SMN gene is essential for embryonic viability. SMN mRNA is also expressed in virtually all cell types in spinal cord, including large motor neurons. The SMN protein is involved in RNA processing and during early embryonic development is necessary fer cell survival. Two SMN genes are present in 5q 13 in humans: the telomeric gene(SMNt), which is the SMA-determining gene, and the centromeric analog gene(SMNc). The majority of transcripts from the SMNt gene are full length but, major transcripts of the SMNc gene have a high degrees of alternative splicing and tend to have little or no exon 7. The SMN is involved in the RNA processing(the biogenesis of snRNPs and pre-mRNA splicing), the anti-apoptotic effects, and regulating gene expression.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.158-169
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• 2015

Purpose: Frostbite can affect still soldiers. Initial clinical manifestations are similar for superficial and deep frostbite, so early treatment is identical. It is under-estimated by physicians. We try to identify the challenges of managing these complex tissue injuries. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 84 patients hospitalized at AFCH from 2009 to 2015 was conducted. We investigated differences of epidemiological characteristics, identification of soft tissue injury, treatment and complications between superficial (SF: 43; 51.2%) and deep (DF: 41; 48.8%) frostbite. Results: The major (94.0%) developed frostbite in dry circumstances (89.3%). Wet circumstances (66.7%) were more susceptible to DF rather than dry (46.7%). The 38 (45.2%) arrived to specialist within 7days. Most prone sites were feet, followed by hands. Toes had more deep injuries. DF presented more increased levels of ALT, CPK, CKMB, CRP. The bone scan of W+S+ was 48.3%, 87.1% and W+S- was 20.7%, 12.9%, respectively. The treatment resulted in improved or normalized perfusion scan with matching clinical improvement. It was a good tool to assess treatment response. Eighteen normal and 8 stenotic type of PCR resulted in normal with matching clinical improvement. One continuous obstructive waveform led to minor amputation. Twelve underwent both PCR and MRA. Among 6 normal PCR, 5 showed normal and one stenosis in MRA. All 5 stenosis and one obstruction showed the same findings in MRA. It was a good tool to evaluate vascular compromise. They were treated with rapid rewarming (11.6%, 22.0%), hydrotherapy (16.3%, 29.3%), respectively. Six (14.6%) underwent STSG, 2 (4.9%) had digital amputation in DF. Berasil, Ibuprofen, Trental were commonly administered. PGE1 was administered selectively for 6.8, 10.8 days, respectively. Raynaud's syndrome (16.3%), CRPS (4.7%), LOM (14.6%) and toe deformity (4.9%) were specific sequelae. Conclusion: We should recommend intensive foot care education, early rewarming and evacuation to specialized units. The bone scanning and PCR should allow for a more aggressive and active approach to the management of tissue viability.