• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1989년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.9-13
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• 1989

The purpose of this paper is to propose a method predetermining the 28-days strength of concrete. In this paper, it was predicted by regression analysis of the relation between 7-days and 28-days strength of fresh concrete and the strength of concrete early cured at $70^{\circ}C$ for rour hours after wet screening and addition of accelerating agent. It is concluded that the formula predeterming the 28-days strength of concrete using 25M/M rubbles from Sam-Cheok and sands from Yon-Gok, by the strength of concrete early cured for 4 hours is Y=-11.45 + 3.686X, where the coefficient of determination of regression-expression is r2=0.938, S=17.94(kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$).

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Reports
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2019

The early detection of early gastric cancer (EGC) is important. However, the sensitivity of conventional white light imaging (WLI) in detecting EGC had been reported to range only from 77% to 84%. Although the resolution of endoscopes has been remarkably developed, precancerous lesions such as adenomas and microscopic early cancers are difficult to diagnose with general endoscopy. Linked Color Imaging (LCI) magnifies the differences in color for easy detection. Therefore, it produces a bright image from a distance and is performed for screening endoscopy. The 410 nm wavelength of BLI (Blue Light Imaging) helps to detect cancer by showing microstructure and microvessels in the mucosal superficial layer. This review will focus on the utility of Image enhanced endoscopy (IEE) techniques in diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2013

MicroRNA (miRNA) dysregulations are associated with various types of human cancers, and miRNAs can function as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Emerging evidence has shown that miRNA pathway is also altered during colorectal tumorigenesis. The detection of cancer-related miRNAs in stool samples may become useful diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer, because miRNAs in stool samples has high stability, and maintains a high portion of its original level. Recent studies reported that stool-based miRNAs can offer more sensitivity and specificity than currently used stool-based screening methods for CRC. In addition, unlike fecal occult blood test, sampling on consecutive dates and special dietary restrictions are not required. In this review, the authors discuss stool-based miRNA for the early diagnosis of CRC and perspectives on future application.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2429-2432
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• 2013

Background and Objectives: Yanting in Sichuan Province is one of the highest risk areas of esophageal cancer (EC) in the world. We here summarize the epidemiology of EC in Yanting using data from the national screening programme during 2006-2011. Methods: Random cluster sampling was used to select a proportion of natural villages from six towns in Yanting, and residents aged 40-69 years old were invited for screening. Participants were screened using endoscopy with iodine staining and then confirmed by histological examinations. Results: The overall detection rates of low-grade hyperplasia (LH), moderate hyperplasia (MH), high-grade hyperplasia (HH), carcinoma in situ (CIS), intramucosal carcinoma (IC) and invasive carcinoma (INC) were 5.33%, 1.28%, 0.68%, 0.15%, 0.06% and 0.29%, respectively. The detection rates of LH, MH, HH and INC increased with age, reaching the peak among those aged 60-65 years, and the prevalences of LH and MH were higher among men than among women. In addition, the detection rates of hyperplasia were much higher in mountainous than in hilly areas. Conclusions: Among the high risk population, there are a great number of people with early-stage EC or precancerous conditions who do not have presenting symptoms. In particular, the elderly, men, or those living in mountainous areas are the most vulnerable population. It is therefore important to reinforce health education and screening services among such high risk populations.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1953-1958
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• 2015

Background: In India, cancer accounts for 7.3% of DALY's, 14.3% of mortality with an age-standardized incident rate of 92.4/100,000 in men and 97.4/100,000 in women and yet there are no nationwide screening programs. Materials and Methods: We calculated age-standardized and age-truncated (30-69 years) detection rates for men and women who attended the Indian Cancer Society detection centre, New Delhi from 2011-12. All participants were registered with socio-demographic, medical, family and risk factors history questionnaires, administered clinical examinations to screen for breast, oral, gynecological and other cancers through a comprehensive physical examination and complete blood count. Patients with an abnormal clinical exam or blood result were referred to collaborating institutes for further investigations and follow-up. Results: A total of n=3503 were screened during 2011-12 (47.8% men, 51.6% women and 0.6% children <15 years) with a mean age of 47.8 yrs (${\pm}15.1yrs$); 80.5% were aged 30-69 years and 77.1% had at least a secondary education. Tobacco use was reported by 15.8%, alcohol consumption by 11.9% and family history of cancer by 9.9% of participants. Follow-up of suspicious cases yielded 45 incident cancers (51.1% in men, 48.9% in women), consisting of 55.5% head and neck (72.0% oral), 28.9% breast, 6.7% gynecological and 8.9% other cancer sites. The age-standardized detection rate for all cancer sites was 340.8/100,000 men and 329.8/100,000 women. Conclusions: Cancer screening centres are an effective means of attracting high-risk persons in low-resource settings. Opportunistic screening is one feasible pathway to address the rising cancer burden in urban India through early detection.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.700-711
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• 2002

대 상: 영아의 발달 장애를 조기에 발견하여 치료를 하기 위하여는 발달 장애의 가능성이 있는 영아뿐 아니라 모든 영아의 정기 검진에서 발달 선별 검사를 시행하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 발달 선별에 사용할 수 있고 결과를 점수화 할 수 있는 새로운 발달 선별 검사를 개발하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1개월에서 4세의 아동에 사용할 수 있는 이화 영아 발달 선별 검사를 개발하고 이를 베일리 영아 발달 검사를 기본검사로 하여 동시에 104명의 영아에 시행하였다. 104명 중 건강한 아동은 94명, 발달 지연을 주소로 내원한 아동은 10명이였다. 이화 발달 선별 검사의 가상 합격선을 80, 85, 90점으로 하여 각각의 점수에서 민감도와 특이도, 예측가를 계산하였다. 결 과 : 이화 영아 발달 선별 검사의 합격선을 90점으로 하는 경우 민감도 83.3%, 특이도 93.5%, 예측가 62.5%로 비교적 안정된 결과를 나타내었다. 결 론 : 발달 선별 검사의 결과를 점수화 하는 데에는 문제가 있을 수 있지만 발달을 진단하기 위해서가 아니라 선별하기 위해서 사용한다면 이러한 위험을 피할 수 있을 것이며 앞으로 더 많은 수의 아동을 상대로 검사를 시행하여 보완할 필요가 있을 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.3871-3875
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• 2016

Background: Colonoscopy plays a fundamental role in early diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer and requires public and professional acceptance to ensure the ongoing success of screening programs. The aim of the study was to prospectively assess whether patient acceptance rates to undergo screening colonoscopy could be improved by the offer of advanced imaging techniques. Materials and Methods: Overall, 372 randomly selected patients were prospectively included. A standardized questionnaire was developed that inquired of the patients their knowledge regarding advanced imaging techniques. Second, several media campaigns and information events were organized reporting about advanced imaging techniques, followed by repeated evaluation. After one year the evaluation ended. Results: At baseline, 64% of the patients declared that they had no knowledge about new endoscopic methods. After twelve months the overall grade of information increased significantly from 14% at baseline to 34%. The percentage of patients who decided to undergo colonoscopy because of the offer of new imaging methods also increased significantly from 12% at baseline to 42% after 12 months. Conclusions: Patients were highly interested in the offer of advanced imaging techniques. Knowledge about these techniques could relatively easy be provided using local media campaigns. The offer of advanced imaging techniques leads to higher acceptance rates for screening colonoscopies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3927-3930
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• 2015

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal cancer and the incidence is increasing in many developing countries. While it can be detected early and even prevented through screening and removal of premalignant lesions, there are barriers to screening which include low level of knowledge and awareness of CRC. This study assessed the level of knowledge of CRC in Brunei Darussalam. Materials and Methods: A total of 431 (262 male and 161 female) subjects participated in this questionnaire study. Subjects were scored on their knowledge of signs/symptoms (maximum 10 correct answers) and known risk factors for CRC (maximum 10 correct answers) and were categorised into poor (0-2), moderate (3-4) and satisfactory (5-10). Comparisons were made between the various patient factors. Results: Overall, 54.1% could not name any CRC signs/symptoms or associated risk factors. Most were not aware of any screening modalities. The overall scores for CRC signs/symptoms and risk factors were $1.3{\pm}1.39$ (range 0-6) and $0.6{\pm}1.05$ (range 0-5) respectively. Overall, the breakdown of scores was: poor (78.1%), moderate (20.3%) and satisfactory (6.2%) for signs/symptoms and poor (93.2%), moderate (6.2%) and satisfactory (0.7%) for risk factors. Higher level of education, female gender and non-Malay race were associated with higher scores for both signs/symptoms and knowledge of screening modality; however the overall scores were low. Conclusions: Our study showed that the general knowledge of CRC in Brunei Darussalam is poor. Being female, with higher levels of education and non-Malay race were associated with higher scores, but they were still generally poor. More needs to be done to increase the public knowledge and awareness of CRC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6857-6862
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. All ages are susceptible and more than 90% of the patients can be cured with early diagnosis. Breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography can be useful for this aim. In this study we examined the components of the Champion health belief model to identify if they could predict the intentions of women to perform such screening. Materials and Methods: A total of 380 women aged 30 and above who had referred to health-care centers were assessed for use of breast cancer screening over the past year with a modified health belief model questionnaire. Logistic regression was applied to identify leading independent predictors. Results: In this study 27% of the women performed BSE in the last year but only 6.8% of them used mammography as a way of screening. There were significant differences regarding all components of the model except for perceived severity between women that underwent BSE. over the past year and those that did not. Findings were similar for mammography. Regression analysis revealed that intentions to perform BSE were predicted by perceived self-efficacy and perceived barriers to BSE while intentions to perform mammography were predicted by perceived barriers. Conclusions: This study indicated that self-efficacy can support performance of BSE while perceived barriers are important for not performing both BSE and mammography. Thus we must educate women to increase their self-efficacy and decrease their perceived barriers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4005-4013
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• 2013

Background: Although breast cancer is a major public health worry among Asian women, adherence to screening for the disease remains an obstacle to its prevention. A variety of psycho-social and cultural factors predispose women to delay or avoidance of screening for breast cancer symptoms at the early stages when cure is most likely to be successful. Yet few interventions implemented to date to address this condition in this region have drawn on health behavior theory. Materials and Methods: This paper reviews the existing literature on several cognitive theories and models associated with breast cancer screening, with an emphasis on the work that has been done in relation to Asian women. To conduct this review, a number of electronic databases were searched with context-appropriate inclusion criteria. Results: Little empirical work was found that specifically addressed the applicability of health theories in promoting adherence to the current breast cancer prevention programs Among Asian women. However, a few studies were found that addressed individual cognitive factors that are likely to encourage women's motivation to protect themselves against breast cancer in this region of the world. The findings suggest that multi-level, socio-cultural interventions that focus on cognitive factors have much promise with this issue. Conclusions: Interventions are needed that effectively and efficiently target the personal motivation of at-risk Asian women to seek out and engage in breast cancer prevention. Concerning implications, personal motivation to seek out and engage in individual preventive actions for breast cancer prevention among Asian women is a timely, high priority target with practical implications for community development and health promotion. Further studies using qualitative, anthropologic approaches shaped for implementation in multi-ethnic Asian settings are needed to inform and guide these interventions.