• 한국안전학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

In this study, CT specimens were prepared from spring steel(SPS5) processed shot peening. The fatigue crack growth tests were carried out in the environment of the room temperature md low temperature at $25^{\circ}C$, $-30^{\circ}C$, $-50^{\circ}C$, $-70^{\circ}C$ $-100^{\circ}C$ and $-150^{\circ}C$ in the range of stress ratio of 0.05 by means of opening mode displacement. The threshold stress intensity factor range ΔKth in the early stage of fatigue crack growth (Region I) and stress intensity factor range $\Delta$K in the stable of fatigue crack growth (Region II) were decreased in proportion to descend temperature. It was shown that the fatigue resistance characteristics and fracture strength at low temperature are considerable higher than those of mom temperature in the early stage and stable of fatigue crack growth region.

• 천문학회보
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.38.2-38.2
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• 2010

We present ultraviolet (UV) color-magnitude relations (CMRs) of early-type dwarf galaxies in the Virgo cluster, based on Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) UV and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) optical imaging data. We find that dwarf lenticular galaxies (dS0s), including peculiar dwarf elliptical galaxies (dEs) with disk substructures and blue centers, show a surprisingly distinct and tight locus separated from that of ordinary dEs, which is not clearly seen in previous CMRs. The dS0s in UV CMRs follow a steeper sequence than dEs and show bluer UV-optical color at a given magnitude. We also find that the UV CMRs of dEs in the outer cluster region are slightly steeper than that of their counterparts in the inner region, due to the existence of faint, blue dEs in the outer region. We explore the observed CMRs with population models of a luminosity-dependent delayed exponential star formation history. We confirm that the feature of delayed star formation of early-type dwarf galaxies in the Virgo cluster is strongly correlated with their morphology and environment. The observed CMR of dS0s is well matched by models with relatively long delayed star formation. Our results suggest that dS0s are most likely transitional objects at the stage of subsequent transformation of late-type progenitors to ordinary red dEs in the cluster environment, In any case, UV photometry provides a powerful tool to disentangle the diverse subpopulations of early-type dwarf galaxies and uncover their evolutionary histories.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5189-5193
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• 2012

Kemerovo is an industrial region of the Russian Federation characterized by highly developed mining, chemical, metallurgical and power industries. Many of the factories were closed down due to the socioeconomical crisis in the early 90's, and economic potential of the survivors has also decreased significantly. Paradoxically, this has led to the improvement of the ecological situation in the region and elimination of exposure to many chemical carcinogens. This factor, in combination with the improvement of oncological care, might be expected to have lead to a decline of cancer incidence and mortality in the region. To assess trends of cancer incidence and mortality in Kemerovo Region, we therefore carried out an analysis of relevant epidemiological data during 1991-2010. In fact, a significant increase of cancer incidence overall was revealed during 2001-2010. Male cancer incidence was significantly higher than female cancer incidence. Regarding gastric cancer incidence, statistically significant differences during 2001-2010 were found only for men, and male incidence exceeded female incidence. Concerning colorectal cancer incidence, it was lower during 2001-2005 and 2006-2010 as compared to the period of 1991-1996. Lung cancer incidence was significantly higher during 1991-2000 compared to 2001-2010. Among urban populations, cancer incidence was higher in comparison with rural population, but a gradual steady convergence of trends of cancer incidence among urban and rural populations was noted. Lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer, and gastric cancer are the most prevalent cancer forms in Kemerovo Region. There were no differences in cancer mortality between 2001-2005 and 2006-2010; however, male cancer mortality exceeded female cancer mortality. A similar situation was observed for gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. Cancer mortality among urban populations exceeded mortality among rural population, for both genders. We suggest that these data can be used for development of modern programs of cancer prevention and early diagnostics in industrial regions of Siberia.

• 수완나부미
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2018

The paper comments on the contribution of Oscar Salemink on his personal intellectual journal from Vietnam to Europe and back again. This then leads to the contemplation of the construction of Southeast Asia as a "place" or "locality", early preoccupations within the region of the national dimension. And more recent developments in universities in Singapore, examining the continuing perceptions of Southeast Asia as a region and Singapore as its "gateway", and the increasing interest in "connectivities" and transnational relations between the region and other parts of Asia and the wider world.

• 천문학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2013

We investigate the dependence of the extended X-ray emission from the halos of optically luminous early-type galaxies on the small-scale (the nearest neighbor distance) and large-scale (the average density inside the 20 nearest galaxies) environments. We cross-match the 3rd Data Release of the Second XMMNewton Serendipitous Source Catalog (2XMMi-DR3) to a volume-limited sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 with $M_r$ < -19.5 and 0.020 < z < 0.085, and find 20 early-type galaxies that have extended X-ray detections. The X-ray luminosity of the galaxies is found to have a tighter correlation with the optical and near infrared luminosities when the galaxy is situated in the low large-scale density region than in the high large-scale density region. Furthermore, the X-ray to optical (r-band) luminosity ratio, $L_X/L_r$, shows a clear correlation with the distance to the nearest neighbor and with large-scale density environment only where the galaxies in pair interact hydrodynamically with seperations of $r_p$ < $r_{vir}$. These findings indicate that the galaxies in the high local density region have other mechanisms that are responsible for their halo X-ray luminosities than the current presence of a close encounter, or alternatively, in the high local density region the cooling time of the heated gas halo is longer than the typical time between the subsequent encounters.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제45권11호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 단 채널 GaAs MESFET의 포화영역에서의 I-V 특성을 도출하기 위한 해석적 모델을 제안하였다. 기존의 단 채널 GaAs MESFET에 대한 해석이 채널 pinch-off의 개념이 도입되는 모델이었던 반면, 본 논문에서는 저자의 소도 포화 영역이 유한한 채널 폭을 갖으면서 전류 연속 조건을 만족하도록 공핍영역의 2차원 전위 분포 식을 도출하였다. 또한 소도 포화영역의 길이를 채널 전체 길이, 채널 도핑 농도, 게이트 전압 및 드레인 전압의 함수로 도출하여 포화영역에서의 Early 효과를 보다 합리적으로 설명할 수 있음을 보이고 있다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

To discuss whether we have credible estimations about historical surface temperature evolution since industrial revolution or not, present study investigates consistencies and differences of averaged surface air temperature since 1900 between the multiple data sources: Hadley Center Climate Research Unit (HadCRU4) surface air temperature data, ECMWF 20 Century Reanalysis data (ERA20CR), and NCEP 20 Century Reanalysis data (NCEP20CR). Averaged surface temperatures are obtained for the global, polar (90S~60S, 60N~0N), midlatitude (60S~30S, 30N~60N), tropical (30S~30N) region, separately. From the analysis, we show that: 1) spatio-temporal inhomogenity and scarcity of HadCRU4 data are not major obstacles in the reliable estimation of global surface air temperature. 2) Globally averaged temperature variability is largely contributed by those of tropical and midlatitude, which occupy more than 70% of earth surface in area. 3) Both data show consistent temperature variability in tropical region. 4) ERA20CR does not capture warm period over Arctic region in early 1900s, which is obvious feature in HadCRU4 data. Discrepancies among datasets suggest that high-level caution is needed especially in the interpretation of large Arctic warming in the early 1900s, which is often regarded as a natural variability in the Arctic region.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.628-633
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• 2020

WNT11 is a member of the non-canonical Wnt family and plays a crucial role in tumor progression. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying WNT11 expression are unclear. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) is a major inflammatory cytokine produced in the tumor microenvironment and contributes to processes associated with tumor progression, such as tumor invasion and metastasis. By using site-directed mutagenesis and introducing a serial deletion in the 5'-regulatory region of WNT11, we observed that TNFα activates the early growth response 1 (EGR1)-binding sequence (EBS) in the proximal region of WNT11 and that the transcription factor EGR1 is necessary for the TNFα-induced transcription of WNT11. EGR1 bound directly to the EBSs within the proximal 5'-regulatory region of WNT11 and ectopic expression of EGR1 stimulated WNT11 promoter activity, whereas the knockdown of EGR1 expression by RNA interference reduced TNFα-induced WNT11 expression in T47D breast cancer cells. We also observed that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 kinase mediated TNFα-induced transcription of WNT11 via EGR1. Our results suggest that EGR1 directly targets WNT11 in response to TNFα stimulation in breast cancer cells.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.216-233
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• 2020

경주 지역 청동기시대 무덤 문화를 검토하고 지석묘의 종말기 양상을 살펴보았다. 청동기시대 무덤 유적 18곳, 초기 철기시대 이른 시기 즉 종말기의 무덤 유적 9곳을 분석하였다. 경주는 검단리 문화 분포권에 포함된다. 현재까지 경주 지역에서 청동기시대 무덤은 약 120기 조사되었다. 주거지의 수에 비해 무덤의 수가 부족한 편인데, 검단리 문화권의 일반적인 특징이다. 무덤의 수는 부족해도 매장주제부의 구조는 다양하다. 경주 지역 청동기시대 무덤의 특징은 토광묘와 묘역식지석묘·적석제단이 다른 지역에 비·해 많이 축조된다는 점이다. 토광묘는 동산리유적 부장품인 방추차를 통해서 볼 때 북한 동북 지역의 영향을 받았을 가능성이 높다. 묘역식지석묘와 적석제단은 송국리 문화권에 주로 분포하는데, 특이하게도 검단리 문화권인 경주 지역에서 많이 확인된다. 초기철기시대가 되어도 청동기시대의 영향이 이어진 묘역식지석묘와 적석제단이 계속 축조된다. 새롭게 이주한 점토대토기 문화인들은 목관묘를 축조하였다. 초기철기시대가 되면 새로운 고소의례가 등장하는데 국읍(國邑)에서 주재하는 천신제사(天神祭祀)의 장소일 가능성이 있다. 화천리 산251-1유적과 죽동리유적은 고소의례의 양상을 잘 보여주는 유적이다. 이러한 고소의례에도 묘역식 지석묘와 동일한 형태의 적석제단이 축조되고 지석묘의 상석과 유사한 바윗돌이 이용되었다. 초기철기시대에도 청동기 시대 전통을 유지한 묘역식지석묘와 적석제단이 계속 축조, 이용되는 것은 새로운 시대가 되었어도 지석묘가 가진 권위가 계속 유지되었기 때문이다. 청동기시대로 알려진 묘역식지석묘나 적석제단 일부에서는 초기철기시대까지 의례 행위가 지속되었을 것이다. 기원전 2세기 후반이 되면 목관묘가 군집하기 시작한다. 철기 문화가 확산하고, 중국 중원의 유물이 유입되는 등 경주 지역을 비롯한 남부 지역이 동아시아 네트워크에 포함되는 시점이다. 이때 지석묘 문화는 역사 속으로 사라지고 새로운 시대가 시작되는 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4513-4518
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• 2014

The prevalence of BRCA1 gene mutations in breast cancer differs between diverse ethnic groups. Relatively little information is known about patterns of BRCA1 mutations in early-onset breast cancer in women of Uighur or Han descent, the major ethnic populations of the Xinjiang region in China. The aim of this study was to identify BRCA1 mutations in Uighur and Han patients with early-onset (age <35 years), and sporadic breast cancer for genetic predisposition to breast cancer. For detection of BRCA1 mutations, we used a polymerase chain reaction single-stranded conformation polymorphism approach, followed by direct DNA sequencing in 22 Uighur and 13 Han women with early-onset sporadic breast cancer, and 32 women with benign breast diseases. The prevalence of BRCA1 mutations in this population was 22.9% (8/35) among early-onset sporadic breast cancer cases. Of these, 31.8% (7/22) of Uighur patients and 7.69% (1/13) of Han patients were found to have BRCA1 mutations. In 7 Uighur patients with BRCA1 mutations, there were 11 unique sequence alterations in the BRCA1 gene, including 4 clearly disease-associated mutations on exon 11 and 3 variants of uncertain clinical significance on exon 11, meanwhile 4 neutral variants on intron 20 or 2. None of the 11 BRCA1 mutations identified have been previously reported in the Breast Cancer Information Core database. These findings reflect the prevalence of BRCA1 mutations in Uighur women with early-onset and sporadic breast cancer, which will allow for provision of appropriate genetic counseling and treatment for Uighur patients in the Xinjiang region.