• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.781-798
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• 2018

Plants have evolved strategies to cope with drought stress by maximizing physiological capacity and adjusting developmental processes such as flowering time. The WOX13 orthologous group is the most conserved among the clade of WOX homeodomain-containing proteins and is found to function in both drought stress and flower development. In this study, we isolated and characterized OsWOX13 from rice. OsWOX13 was regulated spatially in vegetative organs but temporally in flowers and seeds. Overexpression of OsWOX13 (OsWOX13-ov) in rice under the rab21 promoter resulted in drought resistance and early flowering by 7-10 days. Screening of gene expression profiles in mature leaf and panicles of OsWOX13-ov showed a broad spectrum of effects on biological processes, such as abiotic and biotic stresses, exerting a cross-talk between responses. Protein binding microarray and electrophoretic mobility shift assay analyses supported ATTGATTG as the putative cis-element binding of OsWOX13. OsDREB1A and OsDREB1F, drought stress response transcription factors, contain ATTGATTG motif(s) in their promoters and are preferentially expressed in OsWOX13-ov. In addition, Heading date 3a and OsMADS14, regulators in the flowering pathway and development, were enhanced in OsWOX13-ov. These results suggest that OsWOX13 mediates the stress response and early flowering and, thus, may be a regulator of genes involved in drought escape.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2014

Gastric cancer is highly invasive, aggressively malignant, and amongst the most prevalent of all forms of cancer. Despite improved management strategies, early stage diagnosis of gastric cancer and accurate prognostic assessment is still lacking. Several recent reports have indicated that the pathogenesis of gastric cancer involves complex molecular mechanisms and multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Functional inactivation of the tumor suppressor protein PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog) has been detected in multiple cases of gastric cancer, and already shown to be closely linked to the development, progression and prognosis of the disease. Inactivation of PTEN can be attributed to gene mutation, loss of heterozygosity, promoter hypermethylation, microRNA- mediated regulation of gene expression, and post-translational phosphorylation. PTEN is also involved in mechanisms regulating tumor resistance to chemotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of PTEN and its roles in gastric cancer, and emphasizes its potential benefits in early diagnosis and gene therapy-based treatment strategies.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2011

TGF-$\beta$ activated kinase-1 (TAK1) plays a pivotal role in developmental processes in many species. Previous research has mainly focused on the function of TAK1 in model organisms, and little is known about the function of TAK1 in hymenoptera insects. Here, we isolated and characterized the TAK1 gene from Apis cerana cerana. Promoter analysis of AccTAK1 revealed the presence of transcription factor binding sites related to early development. Real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry experiments revealed that AccTAK1 was expressed at high levels in fourth instar larvae, primarily in the abdomen, in the intestinal wall cells of the midgut and in the secretory cells of the salivary glands. In addition, AccTAK1 expression in fourth instar larvae could be dramatically induced by treatment with pesticides and organic solvents. These observations suggest that AccTAK1 may be involved in the regulation of early development in the larval salivary gland and midgut.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.174-182
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• 1992

The hemagglutinin-esterase glycoprotein (HE) gene of bovine coronavirus, coupled with a simian virus 40 early promoter and polyadenylation signal, was inserted into a human adenovirus transfer vector. The transfer vector was used to co-transfect 293 cells along with adenovirus genomic DNA. The hemagglutinin-esterase transcription unit was rescued into the adenovirus genome by homologous in vivo DNA recombination between the vector plasmid DNA and the adenovirus genomic DNA, and a recombinant adenovirus was isolated by several rounds of plaque assays. Thus the recombinant adenovirus carries the hemagglutinin-esterase gene in the early transcription region 3 (E3) of the adenovirus genome in the parallel orientation to the E3 transcription. The recombinant adenovirus synthesized the HE polypeptide in HeLa cells as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation with anti-coronavirus rabbit antisera. The recombinant HE polypeptide could be labelled by $[^3H]$glucosamine, demonstrating that the recombinant HE was glycosylated. Cells expressing the HE polypeptide exhibited hemadsorption activity when incubated with mouse erythrocytes. The HE was transported to the plasma membrane as shown by the cell surface immunofluorescence, indicating that the recombinant HE polypeptide retained its biological activities. Potential for the use of infectious recombinant adenovirus as a live virus-vectored vaccine candidate for bovine coronavirus disease is discussed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2006

During endometrial differentiation the extracellular matrix (ECM) changes dramatically to prepare for implantation of the embryo. However, the genes regulating the ECM build-up in the uterine endometrium during early pregnancy are not well known. Using the PCR-select cDNA subtraction method, dermatopontin was identified in the uterus of a pregnant mouse on day 4 of gestation. Dermatopontin mRNA increased dramatically on day 3, and was at its highest level at the time of implantation. Administration of RU 486 significantly inhibited mRNA expression by day 4 of gestation, but ICI 182,780 did not. Progesterone markedly induced dermatopontin expression in ovariectomized uteri within 4 h of administration, whereas estrogen had little effect. In silico analysis revealed progesterone receptor binding sites in the dermatopontin promoter region. Decidualization did not induce expression of dermatopontin; instead dermatopontin mRNA became strongly localized at the interimplantation site. In situ hybridization revealed that expression gradually decreased in the luminal epithelial cells as pregnancy progressed, whereas it increased in the stromal cells. The pattern of localization and the changes of intensity of dermatopontin mRNA coincided with those of collagen. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that dermatopontin expression is steroid-dependent. They also suggest that, at the time of implantation, dermatopontin expression is primarily regulated spatio-temporally by progesterone via progesterone receptors, and is modulated by the decidual response during implantation. Dermatopontin may be one of the regulators used to remodel the uterine ECM for pregnancy.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2006

목 적 : 본 연구는 어린 연령의 소아에서 선천성 면역력의 중요한 인자인 Mannose Binding Lectin(MBL2) 유전자의 다형성 및 일배체형의 분포를 심한 respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) 감염증 환자군과 정상대조군에서 분석함으로써, MBL2 유전자의 다양성이 소아 RSV 감염증의 발생과 예후에 기여하는지를 밝히고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1993년부터 2000년까지 7년 동안 서울대학교 어린이병원 소아과에서 RSV 감염증으로 치료받은 심한 RSV 감염증 환아 99명을 환자군, 건강한 성인 224명을 대조군으로 선정하였다. 유전형 분석은 선천성 면역의 중추적 역할을 하는 MBL2 유전자의 promoter -221 X/Y와 exon 1의 구조 변이의 분포를 환자대조군에서 비교하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : 환자군 99명의 중앙 연령은 9.5개월로, 6개월 미만 48명(49%), 6~24개월 사이 39명(39%), 그리고 24개월 이상이 12명(12%)이었다. 남아는 58명(59%)이었다. 환자군에서 MBL2 대립유전자 B다형성의 빈도는 유전형 AA 60(61%), 이형접합 AB 34(34%), 그리고 유전형 BB 5(5%)로 나타났다. 환자군의 promoter -221 X/Y 유전형의 분포는 유전형 YY 84(85%), 이형접합 XY 15(15%)이었으며, 유전형 XX는 발견되지 않았다. Exon 1의 구조 변이와 promoter 변이 모두 환자군과 대조군간에 차이가 없었다. MBL2 일배체형의 분포에도 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구 결과, 한국인 소아에서 MBL2 유전자의 다형성과 일배체형이 심한 RSV 감염증에 기여하는 예후 인자임을 밝히지 못하였다. 향후 전향적으로 수집한 더 많은 수의 환자군과 적절한 대조군을 통한 연구가 시행되어야 할 것으로 생각한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1043-1048
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• 2011

A methanol extract of Cassia tora seeds was successively partitioned with diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water, and the antitumor-promoting activity of the solvent fractions was determined by inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by teleocidin B-4 in Raji cells. The diethyl ether (68.7%) and chloroform (91.2%) fractions and the hydrolysate (94.3%) of the ethyl acetate fraction had strong inhibitory activities. The chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were chromatographed on silica gel and further purified by HPLC. Three active compounds, obtusifolin-2-glucoside (75.0%), chryso-obtusin-6-glucoside (56.8%), and norrubrofusarin-6-glucoside (39.4%), were obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction, and two active compounds, questin (97.9%) and chryso-obtusin (53.8%), were isolated from the chloroform fraction.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.60-60
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• 2003

GSH-dependent glutaredoxinl (Grxl) was characterized in Dictyostelium discoideum. After starvation, the mRNA levels of grx1 gene increased during aggregation, thereafter decreased up to tip formation and increased again during culmination. To investigate the function of Grxl, the protein was overexpressed in D. discoideum using actinl5 promoter, The phenotype analysis on Grxl-overexpressed cells showed the maintenance of slug stage for a long period and delayed culmination under dark condition. To corroborate these phenotype by the enzyme, the two mutant forms of Grxl (C21S and C24S) were overexpressed in D. discoideum. The phenotype of two mutant cells represented no slug formation and the early culmination on dark condition. These results indicate that Grxl might regulate the transition from slug to culminant in darkness.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.409-415
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• 1997

The carp $\beta$-actin regulatory sequences and RSV/LTR promoter were tested whether they are functinal to express linked structure gene (chloramphenicol acetyltransferas, CAT) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by determining the patterns of gene expression following intramuscular in vivo direct injection. The injection experiments with various concentrations of both pRSVCAT and pFV4CAT clearly revealed the effectiveness of DNA dosage on expression of CAT. The increase of CAT activity was linear in both plasmids, and maximal CAT activity was obtained with 100 ug of pFV4CAT injection. The amounts of CAT expression with pFV4CAT-injected fist were higher than those with pRSVCAT-injected fish. CAT activity was readily detectable as early as one day after injection, slightly increased at day 2, and declined over time. Most amount of DNA intramuscularly injected into olive flounder muscles persisted extrachromosomally without showing any integrated or replicated form in vivo.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 1998

Various Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were transformed with a 2 ${\mu}$-based multicopy expression plasmid, pYIGP, carrying Kluyveromyces marxianus inulinase gene under the control of GAPDH promoter. Among then two strains, SEY2102 and 2805, showed high levels of cell growth and inulinase expression, and were selected to study their fermentation properties on inulin. Jerusalem artichoke inulin was more effective for cell growth (10∼11 g-dry wt./L at 48 hr) and inulinase expression (1.0 units/mL with SEY2102/pYIGP and 2.5 units/mL with 2805/pYIGP) than other inulin sources such as dahlia and chicory. It was also found that maximal ethanol production of 9 g/L was obtained from Jerusalem artichoke inulin at the early stationary phase (around 30 hr), indicating that recombinant S. cerevisiae cells secreting exoinulinase could be used for the simultaneous saccharification of inulin and ethanol fermentation.