• 한국전통조경학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.37-49
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 조선시대 읍치로부터 성장한 지방 소도읍의 하나인 고산을 대상으로 형태학적 개념과 연계하여 도시의 형성 발달과정에서 나타나는 형태구조와 도시평면 변화과정을 시계열적으로 분석해보고 시기별 형태특성을 도출해보고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서는 고산의 도시형태 분석을 위하여 콘젠과 카니지아가 설정한 도시형태 분석개념을 토대로 형태구조, 도시평면, 경로체계, 개발규정선, 전이지대, 중심지구, 평면단위, 형태시기, 브레이크 포인트, 자투리필지, 유휴지, 사유화 등의 개념을 도입하였다. 고산현시대에 골격이 형성된 고산의 도시형태 변천과정에는 도시형태 형성-구시가(kernel)의 형태구조 해체 재편-중심지구(epidome district)의 형성 발달-확장형 충진-중심지구 확장 재편으로 이어지는 순환적 사이클이 존재하고 있다. 공공사업은 고산의 형태구조와 도시평면의 변화를 주도하는 요인으로 작용하였다. 초기 단계 고산의 형태적 변화과정에는 간선경로로서 구시가(kernel)을 관통하며 개설된 신작로(고산로)와 이를 연결하는 계획로가 중요한 영향을 미치고 있다. 신작로 개설을 계기로 T(십(十))자형 골격도로체계를 바탕으로 구시가의 대부분을 점유하고 있던 관아시설구역의 평면단위가 소블록 단위의 개방형 평면단위로 전이되었다. 이와 더불어 신작로와 시장 경계도로를 따라 상가가 들어서면서 선형의 평면단위를 지니는 노선상가와 시장이 어우러진 근대적 중심지구를 형성하게 되었다.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.123-128
• /
• 2006

목적: 제 II형 원위부 쇄골 골절은 불유합과 지연 유합의 비율이 높아 수술적 치료의 대상이 된다. 저자들은 제 II형 원위부 쇄골 골절에 대해 Mersilene tape과 K-강선을 이용한 수술적 치료를 하여 좋은 결과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년부터 2003년까지 시행한 제 II형 원위부 쇄골 골절 환자 11예를 대상으로 Mersliene tape을 이용한 골절의 정복과 오구 쇄골 인대 봉합 그리고, 골절 부위에 K-강선을 이용한 고정을 시행하였다. 모든 환자에서 최소 12개월 이상의 추시관찰을 하였으며 최종 추시 상 기능적, 방사선적 평가를 시행하였다. 방사선적 평가는 최종 추시 상 전후면 사진에서 골유합 유무로, 기능적 평가는 UCLA scoring system과 Constant scoring system을 사용하였다. 결과: 전례의 환자에서 수술 후 11 $(10\sim13)$주에 골유합을 얻을 수 있었다. 11예에서 UCLA scoring system상 평균 33 $(31\sim35)$점, Constant soring system에서 평균 96 $(91\sim100)$점으로 만족할만한 결과를 얻었다. 결론: 이 술기는 비교적 간단하며, 견고한 고정을 할 수 있고, 조기 재활을 통하여 환자의 만족도를 높일 수 있는 술식이라 생각되며 이의 임상적 적용을 추천하는 바이다.

• 인지과학
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.1-53
• /
• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 성인(만20-28세)과 청소년(만13-14세)을 대상으로 글읽기 안구운동 추적 실험을 통해 분포분석하여 단어빈도 효과를 확인하고, 단일경계 확산모형(One-boundary Diffusion Model)의 정보표집율(drift rate) 파라미터가 두 집단의 글읽기 현상의 차이를 설명할 수 있고 단일경계 확산모형이 개인차를 설명하는 도구로써 적절한지 확인하고자 한다. 먼저 단어 빈도와 단어습득연령과 같은 단어 성질을 통제한 두 가지 글읽기 안구운동추적 실험을 하였고, 실험 1과 실험 2에서 중심와 정보처리가 단일경계 확산모형의 정보표집율 파라미터와 연결되는 것을 확인하였다. 실험 1에서는 성인 집단은 고빈도 조건과 저빈도 조건의 반응비율 고정 시간 평균 차이는 0.1분위수 보다 0.9 분위수에서 더 크게 나타났지만 청소년 집단은 고빈도 조건과 저빈도 조건의 반응 비율 고정시간 평균 차이는 0.1분위수과 0.9 분위수에서 차이가 크게 나타나지 않았다. 실험 2에서 두 집단의 초기습득연령 조건과 후기습득연령 조건의 반응 비율 고정시간 평균 차이는 0.1분위수 보다 0.9 분위수에서 더 크게 나타났다. Ratcliff(Ratcliff, & McKoon, 2008)의 반응시간 분포와 유사한 패턴으로 정적 편향 분포로 앞부분 보다는 꼬리 쪽에서 분산이 증가되는 경향이 확인하였으며 단어의 성질에 따른 두 조건의 차이는 분포의 첩점 크기 차이로 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 안구운동실험 결과를 통해 글읽기에서 나타나는 단어 성질에 따른 효과를 확인하고 단일경계 확산모형의 정보표집율 파라미터가 글읽기에서 중심와 정보처리를 반영하는 것을 강조한다. 나아가 이 연구에서 제안하는 단일경계 확산모형이 글읽기에서 현상을 예측하고 개인차를 설명할 수 있는 도구로써 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.276-280
• /
• 2011

BSSRO (bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy) is an effective surgical method for maxillofacial deformities. Rigid fixation using a plate and screws can stabilize bony segments and induce early mouth opening. Though this procedure has a low complication rate, normal function and esthetic recovery is achieved through proper and early management of the complications. Complications consisting of temporomandibular disorders, sensory disturbances due to inferior alveolar nerve damage, open bite, malunion or nonunion, and facial nerve palsy occur, but these rarely develop. Facial nerve palsy causes the muscles involved in facial expression to depress, which results in ocular dryness or retinal damage. When facial nerve palsy develops, early management involving steroid medication and physical therapy is effective. In the case of severe damage, surgical intervention should be considered. A 20-year-male patient came to the oral and maxillofacial surgery department for orthognathic surgery. The mandible was set back by BSSRO under general anesthesia. Facial nerve palsy was observed on the left side of the face: steroid and vitamins were administered early and physical therapy was performed daily. These forms of management can aid in function and allow for gradual esthetic recovery. Presumed causes were excessive soft tissue retraction or soft tissue injury by the osteotome at the horizontal osteotomy of the ramus. Careful dissection, retraction and a precise osteotomy are needed for protection of the facial nerve. If nerve damage is observed, early management can help in the recovery of facial nerve function and esthetics.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2005

We experimented on growth in light and production of hydrogen and organic matters in dark fermentation by using C. reinhardtii. In the light, growth rate of C. reinhardtii following $CO_2$ fixation was proportional to consumption rate of nitrogen source. And the starch in cell was accumulated more when the period of culture was lengthened more. But the accumulation rate of starch in cell was decreased when the growth rate of cell become dull. In the dark fermentation, the production volume and production rate of hydrogen were the highest value in the mid exponential state among other states. The utilization efficiency of substrate was better in the early exponential state than other states. In production of organic matters, acetic acid didn't change remarkably and ethanol showed the highest value in early exponential state.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.303-316
• /
• 1993

The auricular cartilage grafts have been widely used in replacement of the temporomandibular joint disk. Cartilage grafts itself have a low metabolism and high survival rate after grafting. In processing the grafting materials, it was important to preserve the properties of chondrocyte proper. We used 15% glycerol and 10% DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) solutions for cartilage fixation before deep freezing. We have performed the allogenic auricular cartilage graft in the temporomandibular joint of 20 rabbits which 10 specimen was treated with 15% glycerol and the other 10 specimen was treated with 10% DMSO respectively and examined in 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after operation histopathologically. The result were : 1. Inflammatory cell infiltration around the grafted material appeared more glycerol groups than DMSO groups at 1 week, but each group has no differences after 2 weeks. 2. Degenerative changes of grafted auricular chondrocytes were more deveolped in glycerol group than DMSO groups till 4 weeks, but there were no differences between two groups after 6 weeks. 3. Fibrous union between grafted fragment and mandibular condyle was prominent in DMSO group. 4. Vascular proliferation of the grafted auricualr cartilage was more developed in DMSO groups than glycerol group in early stage. 5. Amount of the additional growth of grafted auricular cartilage was more existed in DMSO groups than glycerol group. 6. General survival rate after grafting was more prominent in DMSO group. In summary, allogenic auricular cartilage grafts treated with 15% glycerol and 10% DMSO solution have supported to survivalbility as a cryopreservative agents, especially DMSO groups have little inflammatory cell infiltration in early stages and degenerative changes and additional growth are more prominent than glycerol groups.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 1988

1. 저자들은 1986년 11월부터 1988년 2월까지 경골간부 골절 8례를 나사못 맞물림법을 이용한 골수강내 금속정을 사용하여 치료하였다. 2. 술 후 방사선 소견상 골유합 기간은 평균 약 15주였다. 3. 환자의 입원기간은 평균 5.5주로서 비교적 짧은 입원기간을 보여주었으며 아울러 사회복귀 및 적응이 빨랐다. 4. 술 후 조기운동이 가능하였고 평균 4.3주 경과 후 목발보행을 시작하였다. 5. 술 후 관절강직, 근위축등의 합병증은 거의 없었다. Hamza등에 의한 술후 평가방법에 따르면 Excellent 7례, Good 1례로 결과는 만족스러웠다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한의용생체공학회 1994년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.71-74
• /
• 1994

In cementless total hip arthroplasty(THA), an initial stability of the femoral component is mandatory to achieve bony ingrowth and secondary long term fixation. Bone ingrowth depends strongly on relative micromotion and stress distributions at the interface. Primary stability of the femoral component can be obtained by minimizing the magnitude of relative micromotions at bone-prosthesis interface, Hence an accurate evaluation of interface behavior and stress/strain fields in the bone implant system may be relevant for better understanding of clinical situations and improving THA design. However, complete evaluation of load transfer in the bone remains difficult to assess experimentally, Hence, recently finite element method (FEM) was introduced in orthopaedic research field to fill the gap due to its unique capacity to evaluate stress in structure of complex shape, loading and material behavior. The authors developed the 3-dimensional numerical finite element model which is composed of totally 1179 elements off and 8 node blick. We also analyzed the micromotions at the bone-stem interface and mechanical behavior of existing bone prosthesis for a loading condition simulating the single leg stance. The result indicates that the values of relative motion for this well fit Multilock stem were $150{\mu}m$ in maximum, $82{\mu}m$ in minimum, and the largest relative motion developed in medial region of proximal femur with anterior-posterior direction. The proximal region of the bone was much larger in motion than the distal region and the stress pattern shows high stress concentration on the cortex near the tip of the stem. These findings indicates that the loading in the proximal femoral bone in the early postoperative situation can produce micromotions on the interface and clinically cementless TEA patient should not be allowed weight bearing strictly early in the postoperative period.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.816-831
• /
• 1998

Bony fixation of implants during the early phase of healing is important in order to get secondary stability of the implant assuring the success of the treatment. Because the successful placement of the implant is limited by the quality and quantity of bone, other agents which stimulate bone formation in the peri-implant spaces has been illustrated. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been shown to regulate DNA and protein synthesis in bone cells in vitro and to interact synergistically to enhance soft tissue wound healing in vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone promotion around implants which were augmented with sagittal split osteotomy or autogenous veneer bone graft using the platelet derived growth factor(PDGF). After placement of newly designed twenty four screw-type implants, which were 12mm in length and 4mm in diameter in 6 dogs. $4{\mu}g$ of PDGF B/B was applied with surgicel carriers. The dogs were sacrificed at 3 days, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 weeks after implantation. Specimens were examined clinically, radiographically, histologically, and histomorphometrically. The results were as follows: 1. Clinically and radiologically, there was no significant difference in bone formation and healing pattern between experimental and control group. 2. In autogenous veneer bone graft group, bone formation was observed at 1st week in the experimental groups but 2nd week in the control groups. At 3rd week, the expeimental groups showed more bone formation comparing to the control groups. 3. In sagittal split osteotomy group, bone formation was observed at 1st week in both groups. But the experimental groups showed more bone formation comparing to the control groups after 2nd week. 4. The bone growth rate of experimental group was more rapid than that of control group. These results indicated that PDGF did not affect the initiation of new bone formation, but it accelerated the bone formation at the early period.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.254-259
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Pelvic trauma is a serious skeletal injury with high mortality. Especially in cases of severe injury trauma, treatment outcomes depend on early diagnosis and intervention. We expect trauma surgeon to play an important role in the management of severe multiple trauma patients. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on pelvic trauma patients with hemodynamic instability between March 2005 and September 2009. We divided the time period into period I (March 2005~Feburary 2009) and period II (March 2009~September 2009). The trauma surgeon and team started to work from period II. Data were collected regarding demographic characteristics, mechanism of injury, type of pelvic fracture, ISS(injury severity score), treatment modality, transfusion requirement, time to definitive treatment, and mortality. Results: During period I, among 7 hemodynamically unstable patients, 4(57.1%) patients died. However during Period II, only one of 6(16.6%) patients died. The demographic data and injury scores showed no differences between the two time periods, but the time to definitive treatment was very short with trauma team intervention(14.4 hrs vs. 3.9 hrs). Also, the amount of transfusion was less(41.1 U vs. 13.9 U). With arterial embolization, early pelvic external fixation led to less transfusion and made patients more stable. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the importance of the trauma surgeon and the trauma team in cases of hemodynamically unstable pelvic trauma. Even with the same facility and resources, an active trauma team approach can increase the survival of severely injured multiple trauma patients.