• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based enzyme immune-slide assay (EISA) was used for the detection of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus from field samples collected from a natural outbreak. The clinicopathological study was undertaken to diagnose the case primarily of PPR. Antigen was detected from discharges and faeces of infected goats and swabs of postmortem lesions prepared on glass slide or glass plate using acetone fixation. Nasal discharge collected at the early stage of disease course or lung is an appropriate ante- or postmortem sample for this technique, respectively. Convalescent polyclonal sera collected from recovered animals which were diagnosed as PPR by EISA showed high antibody titer against PPR by C-ELISA, demonstrating the satisfactory specificity of the test. Therefore, EISA is a sensitive and specific assay to confirm PPR infection both in field and laboratory conditions and especially suitable for developing country.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to the evaluate the clinical and radiographic results and complication of the Scarf osteotomy which is one of the surgical treatment of Hallux valgus. Material and Method: Fifty feet (30 patients) of moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity were operated by Scarf osteotomy procedure from January 2002 to July 2002. Patients were asked about their satisfaction in terms of pain, appearance and motion. The AOFAS clinical ratio scales and radiographic results for hallux valgus were evaluated. Result: The mean Hallux valgus angle improved from an average of 30.6 degrees to 9.0 degrees and the first intermetatarsal angle improved from an average 13.3 degrees to 5.2 degrees respectively. The preoperative mean AOFAS score was 58 points and on last follow up AOFAS score improved to 88 points. Complication which including troughing, nonunion, malunion was not developed. Conclusion: We found that Scarf osteotomy is a reliable operation for mild to moderate Hallux valgus deformity as regards firm fixation and early postoperative ambulation and large contact area for union.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.870-875
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• 2001

Objectives : Anterior tunnelling technique consist of anterior cervical fractional interspace decompression without fusion. This method provides sufficient space for adequate neuroforaminal decompression but avoids the need for fusion or fixation. We report early clinical results of 32 cases that underwent anterior tunnelling operation for treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Methods : This method is identical to conventional approach until the exposure of anterior cervical body and bilateral retraction of longus colli is made. A vertical window is then made at the vertebral bodies and disc space lateral to the insertion site of the longus colli. The window is deepened with drilling that follows a tunnelling fashion down to the compressive lesion. We analyzed clinical results from 32 patients who treated between December 1998 and August 2000. Results : Satisfactory results were obtained in 87% of the patients. Two patients required revision surgery. None revealed surgical spinal instability on last follow-up. Conclusion : Anterior tunnelling operation is an acceptable surgical option for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Its advantages are short hospitalization, minimal postoperative discomfort, and technical feasibility.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.530-534
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• 2021

Fractures of the dens (odontoid process) in children's cervical spine are rare, with very few case reports dealing with these injuries. In particular, a treatment modality has not been established for severe displaced fractures. Surgical fixation can theoretically afford early reduction and better maintenance, but it requires a very delicate and cautious procedure and results in permanent fusion of 1-2 cervical articulation. The authors chose conservative management for a displaced dens fracture in a two-year-old toddler and achieved a promising result. We report this case with a review of the relevant literature.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.387-394
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• 1994

Effects of environmental factors of light, temperature, nitrogen sources and water stress were analyzed quantitatively on the nodule formation and nitrogen fixation activity of autumn olive plant (Elaeagnu$ umbellala Thunb.) during the seedling growth. Seedlings showed the maximum nitrogenase activity of $72.5\;\mu\textrm{M}\;C_2H_4{\cdot}g\;fr\;wt\;nodule^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ in the early nodulation stage. The relative growth rate and T/R ratio changed from $1.60%{\cdot}d^{-1}$ and 1.12 in the earlier stage to $3.75%{\cdot}d^{-1}$ and 2.31 in the later stage, respectively. light conditions of 20-25, 1015 and 4-6% resulted in decreases of 41, 54 and 71% of the nitrogenase activity, respectively. Nodules incubated in 15, 20, 25 and $30^{\circ}C$ showed the activities of 5.4, 24.7, 51.6 and $58.5\;\mu\textrm{M}\;C_2H_4{\cdot}g\;fr\;wt\;nodule^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ respectively. Pretreatment with low temperature ($15^{\circ}C$) followed incubation at $30^{\circ}C$ attained higher nitrogenase activity ($66.5\;\mu\textrm{M}\;C_2H_4{\cdot}g\;fr\;wt\;nodule^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$) than that with higher temperature ($35^{\circ}C$). The oxygen pressure above 16 kPa is necessary for saturation of the nodule activity, but the activity was inhibited severely by physical impact such as the exision or isolation of nodules from the root. The relative activities of early nodules grown in pH 5.5, 6.5 and 8.0 were 89, 100 and 40% and those grown in 1 and 3 mM of $NO_3\;and\;NH_4$ were 6, 1 and 68, 50%, respectively. Watering levels of 20, 50 and 100 mL during the seedling growth resulted in 35, 120 and 8 mg of nodule formation and 33.6, 58.4 and $8.4\;\mu\textrm{M}\;C_2H_4{\cdot}g\;fr\;wt\;nodule^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ of the nitrogenase activity, respectively. Water stress with 86% decrease of soil water content caused temporary wilting point of leaf and a complete disappearance of nitrogenase activity of nodules, though the water content and transpiration rate in plant were reduced to 90 and 53%, respectively.tively.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2003

Purpose: To evaluate physeal remodeling after internal fixation of slipped capital femoral epiphysis, We performed a retrospective review of the medical records and radiographs of 14 children (17 cases) who had had slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 14 patients who had slipped capital femoral epiphysis. They were divided two groups. Group I were in situ pinning with single screw and group II were corrective osteotomy with multiple pinning. We identified physeal remodeling camparing with their preoperative, postoperative and last follow-up radiographs with measuring physeal-shaft angle. Results: Early closure of the physis was observed in 6 cases among 14 patients (17 hips). Compared with their postoperative radiographs, the last follow up radiographic study revealed that physeal remodeling was observed in 4 patients (4 hips) at group I (mean, $7.8^{\circ}$), in 2 patients (3 hips) at group II (mean, $10.7^{\circ}$). Conclusion: In this study, physeal remodeling was observed in 4 patients (4 hips) in group I and 2 patients (3 hips) in group II. The incidence of physeal remodeling was related with degree of epiphyseal slippage, and age was not related with physeal remodeling potential.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.751-763
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• 2005

Statement of problem. To improve a direct implant fixation to the bone, various strategies have been developed focusing on the surface of materials. The surface quality of the implant depends on the chemical, physical, mechanical and topographical properties of the surface. The different properties will interact with each other and a change in thickness of the oxide layer may also result in a change in surface energy, the surface topography and surface, chemical composition. However, there is limited the comprehensive study with regard to changed surface and biologic behavior of osteoblast by anodization. Purpose of study. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of an oxide layer formed and to evaluate the cellular biologic behaviors on titanium by anodic oxidation (anodization) by cellular proliferation, differentiation, ECM formation and gene expression. And the phospholipase activity was measured on the anodized surface as preliminary study to understand how surface properties of Ti implant are transduced into downstream cellular events. Methods and Materials. The surface of a commercially pure titanium(Grade 2) was modified by anodic oxidation. The group 1 samples had a machined surface and other three experimental specimens were anodized under a constant voltage of 270 V(Group 2), 350 V(Group 3), and 450 V(Group 4). The specimen characteristics were inspected using the following five categories; the surface morphology, the surface roughness, the thickness of oxide layer, the crystallinity, and the chemical composition of the oxide layer. Cell numbers were taken as a marker for cell proliferation. While the expression of alkaline phosphatase and Runx2 (Cbfa1) was used as early differentiation marker for osteoblast. The type I collagen production was determined, which constitutes the main structural protein of the extracellular matrix. Phospholipase $A_2$ and D activity were detected. Results. (1) The anodized titanium had a porous oxide layer, and there was increase in both the size and number of pores with increasing anodizing voltage. (2) With increasing voltage, the surface roughness and thickness of the oxide film increased significantly (p<0.01), the $TiO_2$phase changed from anatase to rutile. During the anodic oxidization, Ca and P ions were more incorporated into the oxide layer. (3) The in vitro cell responses of the specimen were also dependant on the oxidation conditions. With increasing voltage, the ALP activity, type I collagen production, and Cbfa 1 gene expression increased significantly (p<0.01), while the cell proliferation decreased. (4) In preliminary study on the relation of surface property and phospholipase, PLD activity was increased but $PLA_2$ activity did not changed according to applied voltage. Conclusion. The anodized titanium shows improved surface characteristics than the machined titanium. The surface properties acquired by anodization appear to give rise more mature osteoblast characteristics and might result in increased bone growth, and contribute to the achievement of a tight fixation. The precise mechanism of surface property signaling is not known, may be related to phospholipase D.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 2002

These studies were carried out to investigate the effects of the addition of amino acids and FBS as source of exogenous nitrogen fixation added to medium on in vitro production of blastocyst derived from bovine follicular oocytes. The base medium was TCM-199 solution for in vitro maturation(IVM) of bovine follicular oocytes and Fer-TALP solution for in vitro fertilization(IVF) and YS solution for in vitro culture(IVC). IVC used the fertilized oocytes of 24-hr culture (day 1) after IVF. Rmbryos were cultured in drop-culture that contained 25 embryos per 10 ${mu}ell$. The results obtained are as follows: 1 The developmental rates of fertilized oocytes to blastocyst that developed from YS solution with NEAA derived from MEM alone were higher than those of YS solution without NEAA. 2. The developmental rates of fertilized oocytes to blastocyst that developed from YS solution with EAA derived RPMI 1640 alone were significantly higher than those of YS solution without EAA (p<0.05). 3. When added to EAA on day 5 after NEAA supplementation on day 1, the developmental rates of hatched blastocyst and blastocyst to hatched blastocyst were improved. 4. When removed to EAA on day 3, day 4 and day 5 from medium after NEAA and EAA supplementation on day 1. the developmental rates of blastocyst to hatched blastocyst were reduced. 5. When added to FBS as source of exogenous nitrogen fixation, the developmental rates of blastocyst and hatched blastocyst that developed from the later culture higher(day 5) than those of the early culture.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.6
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• pp.105-112
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• 1988

Experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of various nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and yield of soybean cv. Backwoon in field, and to examine soybeans produced with different nitrogen fertilizers for their nutritional constituents and protein digestibility. Soybean plants were generally similar in growth among fertilizers applied, and plants with non-nitrogen and with ammonium sulfate showed tendency to have fewer internodes. Nodule number and nodule weight also were lower in plants with non-nitrogen and with ammonium sulfate. Nitrogen fixation ability per nodule number were similar at an early growth stage and at flowering stage treatments and were relatively higher with newly developed complex fertilizer at pod elongation stage. With newly developed complex fertilizer and with non-nitrogen, there were slight increase and in 100 grain weight and yield per 10a, respectively. Crude protein contents in soybeans with nitrogen fertilizers were higher than that with non-nitrogen, and the reverse were true for crude fat. Crude ash contents were relatively similar among the treatment. Crude fiber contents were higher with readily used complex fertilizer than with the others. The contents of inorganic constituents were of the same sort among the treatments, that of Fe with non-nitrogen being much lower than with the others. Protein digestibility was the highest in the non-nitrogen treated soybean.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 1999

Displaced tibial spine fractures need the anatomical reduction of the displaced bone fragment to achieve normal range of motion and anterior stability of the knee joint. The purpose of this paper is to describe details of arthroscopic technique using suture hook and pull-out PDS and to evaluate the clinical results. We report 7 cases who underwent arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation using suture hook and pull-out PDS. All cases had fresh fractures generated within 3 weeks. The follow up period was at average 16.6 months. The fracture union was achieved at average 7.4 weeks. Knee exercise was started 2 weeks after the operation. One of the patients, who had combined injury of posterior cruciate ligament and lateral meniscus, showed limitation of knee movement. But he was underwent the arthroscopic fibrolysis at one year later, he returned to normal range of motion. Arthroscopic treatment of displaced tibial spine fracture using suture hook and pull-out PDS showed good results including rigid fixation and early mobilization. Therefore it is thought to be one of the effective operative techniques in treatment of the tibial spine fractures.