• 한국인구학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1990

This is a study which attempt to analyze changing patierns of economic active popu-lation, t o estimato- future patterns, and exa- mine vartons problems arises by changing c ire u mst ances of t he labor force market in- clunging soici al, economic ic, heathl th and demoi-graph ic aspects. We have constructed series of wotking life table which are useful in syt uiolyioig the lirocess of growth and structural change of labor force. Work i ng life tables represent ihie life eyele of econrmic' activity in hi ypothetical cohorts, that is. gen-erat i on of men Sn bject at eat' b period ot f their lives th given ra to's o mor tali it y and of par-- tici pation in economic activities. The tabloes prot' ide measorues of the alvet'age he ng t able of economically aeti \- e life. and agespecific rates of en trannee' into and retirement from the hahn' force. In const routing working life tables, age-specific activity rates and life tabole popula- titoto which represents contemporary condi-tions of moortality in Korea au'e the basic' maltoerials. We have derived the age-specific rates foorm economically active population survey, whoich were conducted by the Bureau of Statistics, Economic Planning Borard of the Korean government. Working life tables are constructed for men wtable these materi- als in the year of 1970, 1980 and 1988 by a modified Wolfbein-Wool's method. Some of the findings may be summerized as follow : 1) A central part of constructing working life table is calculation of stationary' economic active population, which represents the number of men in the stationtary population extoected to be in the labor force at each age group in the life span. The stationary economic active population by age have generally a universal pattern, where they rise sharply in the early twenties, approach its' peak in the thirties decline thereafter. at first graolually and then more rapidly at an advanced age. Korean men show the same general pa ttern of age distribution of stationary eco-- nomic active population with sharp increase hegining from the age interval of 20 to 24, reaching to maximum level at older age. The population. however, presumably, increased substantially due to increaseing school atte endance rates. Another difference exiSts in the youngest age groups, that is the activity rate in the year of 1988 is lower than that of Japan. The table shows an analysis of changes in the age distrihution of labor force between 1970, 1980 and 1988. 2) It was shown an analysis of changes in the age distribution and cause of separation from labor force. The entrance rate to labor force has increased from 18~\5 persons to 299 persons per 1000 head of stationary population between that of 1980 than that of 1988 for Korean men in 20~24 age group. The entrace rate to labor force shows a rapid entrance appearance concentrated on the 15~24 age group. The separation rate from labor force by retirment in Korea in the year of 1988 shows a great difference of the about four times as much as that of Japan. 3) The functions of table illustrate the patterns of working life of males in Korea in 1970, 1980 and 1988. The average remaining number of economically active years, e at age 15 in 1988 is 46.39 which is 2.12 years of increase compared with that of at age 15 in 1970,1980 and 1988 are 43.90,44.27 and 46.39 respectively, showing steadily increase dur- ing the past double decade the increase in the length of economically active life various age may be considered to have come both from extention of general life expectancy and from increasing entrance rate to economic activity in high age that of working is far greater in 1988 than that of 1980. The gaps between expectation of life and average remaining years of economically active widened due to rapid improvement of mortality level in Ko- rea. This observation together with the population pressure by the appearance of a group of younger population implies that constant increase of economically inactive population among older age group.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.785-791
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• 2016

본 연구는 지속적으로 증대되고 있는 해외철도 시장을 면밀히 분석하여 각 사업의 특성을 분석하고 국내 철도산업이 해외 철도시장에 적극적으로 진출 할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 국내에 최근 5년간 소개된 독립적인 983개의 해외철도사업에 대한 발주특성을 분석하였으며, 분석의 효율성과 일관성을 높이기 위하여 하나의 분류체계를 수립하고 각 사업정보를 분류항목에 따라 분석하고 구성 비율을 평가하였다. 분석결과 초기 신규성 사업의 참여 또는 진입 없이 후속 발주업의 참여는 저가수주로 귀결될 가능성이 높으므로, 초기 신규성 사업의 주도적 진출과 수행을 통하여 한국 시스템과 동질화된 시스템 설계를 통하여 한국산업계가 고부가가치 철도사업에 진입기반을 구축할 수 있을 것이다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2004

지금까지 미국의 주택은 주로 현대 양식에 대해서 알려져 있고 전통적 주택과 실내 양식에 대해 제대로 알려져 있지 않았다. 그러므로 여기서는 미국의 전통적 주택인 콜로니알 시대 주택의 표현 특징과 실내의 요소별 특징을 구체적으로 파악하여 콜로니알 양식을 규명하고자 할 뿐 아니라 이를 통해 디자인과 제작의 기초자료로 제공하고자 하였다. 문헌을 중심으로 고찰한 결과에 의하면 일반적으로 알려진 것과 달리 콜로니알 주택은 영국의 죠지안 주택 양식을 그대로 모방하기보다 미국적 기후와 지역 특성에 조화하는 방식으로 정립되었으며 주택과 실내의 많은 요소가 유사한 표현 특징을 나타내었으나 그 바탕에는 합리적이며 실용적인 디자인이 배경이 된 것을 알 수 있었다. 주택의 발전은 오랜 시간을 통해 이루어졌으며 상자형의 2층 목조의 측면 박공 지붕 형태에 비늘판벽 마감을 하였으며 전면의 가장 중요한 장식 요소로는 현관문인 것으로 나타났다 공간은 일실에서 2실과 4실 구조로 발전하였고 실내는 초기에는 바닥, 벽, 천장이 모두 나무를 주재료로 하는 방식에서 점차 죠지안의 영향으로 패널, 벽지를 사용하였고 벽난로가 있는 면을 제외하고 플라스터를 사용하는 방식으로 발전하였다. 가구는 영국 영향의 치펜데일, 퀸 앤의 의자가 대표적이었으나 지방 특색이나 종교적 영향에 의해 등장한 소박한 형태의 가구가 배치되었으며 영국 영향의 가구에도 융통성과 편리성이 고려된 디자인이 특징인 것으로 나타났다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2004

The patterns of diapause-associated proteins of silkworm eggs were analyzed by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. Among the hundreds of spots on the 2-D gels, at least two proteins were considered to be associated with diapause. A protein, spot 4, with an approximate molecular weight of 38 kDa and pI 6.1 was observed in the HCI-treated, cold-treated, and diapause eggs, respectively. Spot 4 was undetectable in unfertilized eggs and non-diapause eggs at two days after oviposition, suggesting that this protein may be associated with the entrance to diapause. A protein, spot 11, with an approximate molecular weight of 21 kDa and pI of 61 was detected in the unfertilized, HCl-treated, and cold-treated eggs, respectively, after oviposition by normal moths. In diapausing eggs, a protein corresponding to spot 11 was observed in 3-, 5-, and 30-day-old eggs, while the protein was not detected one-day-old eggs. The protein corresponding to spot 11 was not detected in unfertilized and non-diapause eggs obtained from subesophabeal ganglion (SG)-extirpated moths either. Spot 11 was also considered to be a diapause specific protein, which occurred at only early embryonic stage under the control of diapause-downregulated gene.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2005년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.569-579
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• 2005

International capital movement has made progress at global liberalization of finance and foreign exchange, international monetary norm changing into floating exchange rate system, easiness of collection of information and trade at improvement of information communication technology from early of 1970's. Results of empirical test for relation between foreign exchange rate or various determination factors of foreign exchange rate and interest rate are followed by next sentences. First, according to relation between foreign exchange rate and interest rate, correlation for each of variables after OECD entrance is increased. 'But, long-term & short-term interest rate is affected by Hanbo & Kia's bankruptcy, continuous large scale coporates bankruptcy and crisis of foreign exchange. Therefore, financial instability is occured. If portfolio investment fund has been inflow as it is mollified by continuous shortage of foreign exchange and fall of country's credit rating, it is expected to have positive effect for long-term & short-term interest rate from appreciation of won against dollar. Second, results from relation between determination factor of foreign exchange rate and interest rate are followed by next sentences. If surplus of current account and goods account is continued, yield of corporate bond is to be stable. But, margin of surplus is expected to diminish after second quarter 98, and difference between external and domestic interest (after adjusting foreign exchange rate) is to be diminished. And if net inflows of foreign investor's fund (stock and bond) is diminished, it is to have negative effect for yield of corporate bond. According to foreign investor's investment movement of previous years, hedge fund were stayed at least during two years in Mexico. It means that sudden capital outflow is not to be happened at Korea.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제21권48호
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• pp.133-144
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• 1998

International capital movement has made progress at global liberalization of finance and foreign exchange, international monetary norm changing into floating exchange rate system, easiness of collection of information and trade at improvement of information communication technology from early of 1970's. Results of empirical test for relation between foreign exchange rate or various determination factors of foreign exchange rate and interest rate are followed by next sentences. First, according to relation between foreign exchange rate and interest rate, correlation for each of variables after OECD entrance is increased. But, long-term & short-term interest rate is affected by Hanbo & Kia's bankruptcy, continuous large scale corporates bankruptcy and crisis of foreign exchange. Therefore, financial instability is occured. If portfolio investment fund has been inflow as it is mollified by continuous shortage of foreign exchange and fall of country's credit rating, it is expected to have positive effect for long-term & short-term interest rate from appreciation of won against dollar. Second, results from relation between determination factor of foreign exchange rate and interest rate are followed by next sentences. If surplus of current account and goods account is continued, yield of corporate bond is to be stable. But, margin of surplus is expected to diminish after second quarter 98, and difference between external and domestic interest (after adjusting foreign exchange rate) is to be diminished. And if net inflows of foreign investor's fund (stock and bond) is diminished, it is to have negative effect for yield of corporate bond. According to foreign investor's investment movement of previous years, hedge fund were stayed at least during two years in Mexico. It means that sudden capital outflow is not to be happened at Korea. But if external factors from depreciation of yen and China's renminbi are instable, interest rate is expected to increase from capital's outflows. Third, if it is to decrease instability of foreign exchange rate from increase in surplus of future current account, credit rating's upwardness, stability of yen and renminbi, foreign exchange rate is expected to be stable. It is expected to have continuous stability from short-term interest rate to long-term interest rate in this empirical test.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2011

정부는 1990년대 대형건축물의 붕괴사고가 잇따르고 건축물의 사고로 인한 인적, 물적 손해에 대한 보전책이 불충분하다는 지적에 따라 '국가계약법'상에 일정규모 이상의 용역이나 건설공사에 대하여 의무보험에 가입하도록 하였다. 특히 2002년에 설계 및 감리 등의 기술용역 분야를 위한 보증제도가 도입된 후 여러 운영상의 문제점이 표출되고 있으나 이에 대한 구체적인 현황 분석 및 개선방안을 마련하기 위한 연구는 매우 미흡한 상황이다. 본 논문은 델파이 방법을 사용하여 기술용역 보증제도와 관련된 주요 제도 및 운영상의 문제점을 도출하고 이에 대해서 주요 보증시장 참가자인 발주청, 용역사, 보험사의 보험업무 실무담당자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 개선방안을 도출하였다. 주요 정책적 대안으로는 신용평가에 근간을 둔 보증한도의 조정, 비효율적인 연대보증인 제도의 폐지, 제3자 인적손해의 담보범위 포함과 보험가입금액의 상향, 보험 기간의 연장 및 기타 제도정비사항을 제시하였다. 제안된 개선방안들에 대한 이해당사자간에 공감대 형성은 국내 건설 산업계의 건전한 발전으로 이어질 것으로 기대해본다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.169-181
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• 2009

Purpose: Mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder are a major mental health problem in college students. We investigate the prevalence of depression and bipolar disorder and the relevance of risk factors for these mood disorders among one college freshmen. Methods: The subjects were 2,865 college students who entered one university located in Seoul and Ansung in 2009. We used BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) for depression assessment and K-MDQ (Mood Disorder Questionnaire) for bipolar disorder assessment. Demographic and socioeconomic factors were measured by questionnaire. Height, weight, blood pressure, total cholesterol, complete blood cell count, and liver function test data were obtained by physical examination for freshmen. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were performed to analyze the possible risk factors for depression and bipolar disorder. Results: With different BDI cutoff value, 16 and 21, the prevalence of depression was 8.7% (male: 7.6%, female: 10.1%) and 2.4% (male: 2.5%, female: 2.3%), separately. 'Low economic status', 'urban birth place', and 'low grade at entrance' were significantly associated with depression. Using the original cutoff criterion, defined as clustering of 7 or more symptoms that caused moderate or severe problems, the prevalence of bipolar disorder was 1.3% (male: 1.4%, female: 1.1%). The risk factor of bipolar disorder was academic fields (art fields). Conclusion: Depression and bipolar disorder are common disease in college freshmen. Therefore, Campus-based mental health service program is needed to help with prevention of and early intervention of these mood disorders.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.305-319
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• 2002

International capital movement has made progress at global liberalization of finance and foreign exchange, international monetary norm changing into floating exchange rate system, easiness of collection of information and trade at improvement of information communication technology from early of 1970's. Results of empirical test for relation between foreign exchange rate or various determination factors of foreign exchange rate and interest rate are followed by next sentences. First, according to relation between foreign exchange rate and interest rate, correlation for each of variables after OECD entrance is increased. But, long-term ＆short-term interest rate is affected by Hanbo ＆ Kia's bankruptcy, continuous large scale coporates bankruptcy and crisis of foreign exchange. Therefore, financial instability is occured. If portfolio investment fund has been inflow as it is mollified by continuous shortage of foreign exchange and fall of country's credit rating, it is expected to have positive effect for long-term & short-term interest rate from appreciation of won against dollar. Second, results from relation between determination factor of foreign exchange rate and interest rate are followed by next sentences. If surplus of current account and goods account is continued, yield of corporate bond is to be stable. But, margin of surplus is expected to diminish after second quarter 98, and difference between external and domestic interest (after adjusting foreign exchange rate) is to be diminished. And if net inflows of foreign investor's fund (stock and bond) is diminished, it is to have negative effect for yield of corporate bond. According to foreign investor's investment movement of previous years, hedge md were stayed at least during two years in Mexico. It means that sudden capital outflow is not to be happened at Korea. But if external factors from depreciation of yen and China's renminbi are instable, interest rate is expected to increase from capital's outflows. Third, if it is to decrease instability of foreign exchange rate from increase in surplus of future current account, credit rating's upwardness, stability of yen and renminbi, foreign exchange rate is expected to be stable. It is expected to have continuous stability from short-term interest rate to long-term interest rate in this empirical test.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 기존 16층 이하 공동주택의 화재취약성 및 피난시설에 대한 문제점을 평가하기 위하여 공동주택에서 화재발생 빈도가 가장 높은 주방화재를 가정하여 CFD 모델링을 이용하여 화재위험성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 주방에서 발생한 화재는 거실로 연소 확대되면서 빠르게 다른 침실로 연기가 확대되었으며, 화재발생 세대 출입구에서 90초에 열에 의한 영향 온도인 $60^{\circ}C$를 넘는 것으로 분석되어 초기에 화재발생을 인지하고 피난이 이루어지지 않을 경우 피난출구가 막혀 큰 피해를 줄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 기존 피난시설에 대한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 본 연구에서 제안된 피난대피시설의 경우 발코니에 설치되어 있다가 외부로 돌출되는 형태로 온도 및 복사열유속에 의한 안전성 평가 결과 세대 내의 다른 지점에 비해 안전성이 확보되는 것으로 분석되었다.