• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.131-140
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• 2023

This study aims to investigate the impact of pre-service early childhood teachers' civic awareness and multicultural beliefs on their ability to teach democratic citizenship education and to verify the mediating effect of multicultural beliefs in the relationship between civic awareness and the ability to teach democratic citizenship education. The subjects of the study were 226 pre-service early childhood teachers, and a survey was conducted. As a result of the study, first, the civic awareness of pre-service early childhood teachers influenced the ability to teach democratic citizenship education, and the influence of the sub-variables of civic awareness was in the order of rights awareness, responsibility, community awareness, and rational decision-making awareness. Second, the multicultural beliefs of pre-service early childhood teachers also affected the ability to teach democratic citizenship education, and multicultural understanding had the strongest influence among the sub-variables of multicultural beliefs. Thirdly, we found that multicultural beliefs partially mediated the relationship between civic awareness and the ability to teach democratic citizenship education. Additionally, the results highlight the importance of educational interventions targeting multicultural beliefs, as they partially mediate the relationship between civic awareness and the ability to teach democratic citizenship education.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.503-514
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• 2021

Rice production with adequate level of area is important for decision making of rice supply and demand policy. It is essential to grasp rice cultivation areas in advance for estimating rice production of the year. This study was carried out to classify paddy rice cultivation in Gimje-si using sentinel-1 SAR (synthetic aperture radar) and UAV imagery in early July. Time-series Sentinel-1A and 1B images acquired from early May to early July were processed to convert into sigma naught (dB) images using SNAP (SeNtinel application platform, Version 8.0) toolbox provided by European Space Agency. Farm map and parcel map, which are spatial data of vector polygon, were used to stratify paddy field population for classifying rice paddy cultivation. To distinguish paddy rice from other crops grown in the paddy fields, we used the decision tree method using threshold levels and random forest model. Random forest model, trained by mainly rice cultivation area and rice and soybean cultivation area in UAV image area, showed the best performance as overall accuracy 89.9%, Kappa coefficient 0.774. Through this, we were able to confirm the possibility of early estimation of rice cultivation area in Gimje-si using UAV image.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.191-216
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• 2016

Since prolonged exposure to elevated ozone ($O_3$) concentrations is known to be harmful to human health, appropriate control strategies for ozone are needed for the non-attainment area such as Seoul, Korea. The goal of this research is to assess factors linked with the 1-hour ozone exceedance through a decision tree model. Since ozone is a secondary pollutant, lag times between ozone and explanatory variables for ozone formation are taken into account in the model to improve the accuracy of the simulation. Results show that while ozone concentrations of the previous day and $NO_2$ concentrations in the morning are major drivers for ozone exceedances in the early afternoon, meteorology plays more important role for ozone exceedances in the late afternoon. Results also show that a selection of lag times between ozone and explanatory variables affect the accuracy of predicting 1-hour ozone exceedances. The result analyzed in this study can be used for developing control strategies of ozone in Seoul, Korea.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-23
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• 2004

This study identifies communication patterns of groups using synchronous text communication medium for their group decision-making, and examines how these patterns are associated with creative solutions to problems. Our research suggests that certain communication behavior of groups, when appropriately organized, can be of help in enhancing creative production of outcomes. A qualitative study was conducted on communication patterns based on an analysis of text-based electronic conversation protocols. Specifically this research tried to overcome existing studies on electronic groups by focusing on interactive process of communication among participants. The major study conclusion; are: (1) The production of creative outcome may depend on the process or sequence of discussion among group members with synchronous text communication medium. That is, proper interactive responses and appropriate control of the discussion process are essential to obtain a high level of performance. (2) It is importantto make discuss rules based on meta-cognitive and interactive protocols in the early stage. Explicit rules relating to internal group processes as well as communication medium use are even more important to groups with electronic communication medium than face-to-face groups.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2012

The objective of this paper is to propose a method of how to perform risk assessment in the early stage of defense research and development for the acquisition of weapon systems. An advanced method for risk assessment and its associated objective functions are developed first based on the concept of systems engineering. The developed method is then applied to carry out the analysis of alternatives in the trade-off environments. As a case study, the multi-purpose training ship is considered, where it is performed using the notions of technology readiness levels, degrees of difficulty, and technology need values to facilitate design space visualization and decision maker interaction. It is noted that decision makers can benefit from our approach as an improved risk assessment method in the context of multi-criteria decision making.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.49-58
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• 2008

This paper proposes a methodology to measure the risk level in real-time for Business Activity Monitoring (BAM). A decision-tree methodology was employed to analyze the effect of process attributes on the result of the process execution. In the course of process execution, the level of risk is monitored in real-time, and an early warning can be issued depending on the change of the risk level. An algorithm for estimating the risk of ongoing processes in real-time was formulated. Comparison experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. The proposed method detects the risks of business processes more precisely and even earlier than existing approaches.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.652-654
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• 2021

Attacks such as DDoS are detected by the intrusion detection system and can be prevented early. DDoS attack traffic was analyzed using the decision tree. Deterministic features with high importance were found, and the accuracy was verified by proceeding the decision tree for only those properties. And the contents of false positive and false negative traffic were analyzed. As a result, the accuracy of one attribute was 98% and the two attributes were 99.8%, respectively.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1195-1211
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• 2016

The emerging video coding standard High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) has shown almost 40% bit-rate reduction over the state-of-the-art Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard but at about 40% computational complexity overhead. The main reason for HEVC computational complexity is the inter prediction that accounts for 60%-70% of the whole encoding time. In this paper, we propose several fast coding unit (CU) encoding schemes based on the Merge mode and motion estimation information to reduce the computational complexity caused by the HEVC inter prediction. Firstly, an early Merge mode decision method based on motion estimation (EMD) is proposed for each CU size. Then, a Merge mode based early termination method (MET) is developed to determine the CU size at an early stage. To provide a better balance between computational complexity and coding efficiency, several fast CU encoding schemes are surveyed according to the rate-distortion-complexity characteristics of EMD and MET methods as a function of CU sizes. These fast CU encoding schemes can be seamlessly incorporated in the existing control structures of the HEVC encoder without limiting its potential parallelization and hardware acceleration. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed schemes achieve 19%-46% computational complexity reduction over the HEVC test model reference software, HM 16.4, at a cost of 0.2%-2.4% bit-rate increases under the random access coding configuration. The respective values under the low-delay B coding configuration are 17%-43% and 0.1%-1.2%.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.299-307
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• 2012

Data mining is a method of searching for an interesting relationship among items in a given database. The decision tree is a typical algorithm of data mining. The decision tree is the method that classifies or predicts a group as some subgroups. In general, when researchers create a decision tree model, the generated model can be complicated by the standard of model creation and the number of input variables. In particular, if the decision trees have a large number of input variables in a model, the generated models can be complex and difficult to analyze model. When creating the decision tree model, if there are marginally conditional variables (intervening variables, external variables) in the input variables, it is not directly relevant. In this study, we suggest the method of creating a decision tree using marginally conditional variables and apply to actual data to search for efficiency.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.183-191
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• 2011

Although antenatal diagnostic technique has considerably improved, precise detection and proper management of the neonate with congenital heart disease (CHD) is always a great concern to pediatricians. Congenital cardiac malformations vary from benign to serious conditions such as complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA), critical pulmonary and aortic valvular stenosis/atresia, hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), which the baby needs immediate diagnosis and management for survival. Unfortunately, these life threatening heart diseases may not have obvious evidence early after birth, most of the clinical and physical findings are nonspecific and vague, which makes the diagnosis difficult. High index of suspicion and astute acumen are essential to decision making. When patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is opened Widely, many serious malformations may not be noticed easily in the early life, but would progress as severe acidosis/shock/cyanosis or even death as PDA constricts after few hours to days. Ductus dependent congenital cardiac lesions can be divided into the ductus dependent systemic or pulmonary disease, but physiologically quite different from each other and treatment strategy has to be tailored to the clinical status and cardiac malformations. Inevitably early presentation is often regarded as a medical emergency. Differential diagnosis with inborn error metabolic disorders, neonatal sepsis, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and other pulmonary conditions are necessary. Urgent identification of the newborn at such high risk requires timely referral to a pediatric cardiologist, and timely intervention is the key in reducing mortality and morbidity. This following review deals with the clinical presentations, investigative modalities and approach to management of congenital cardiac malformations presenting in the early life.