• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.235-240
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• 2003

In this paper, the fire safety management plan and the emergency action program for the railway safety improvement were reviewed. In the fire safety management plan, a series of preventive methods answering to such as a smoke exhaust installation, a fire warning device and a guide inducement will be come into preparation. Also, the damage reducing methods such as complement of fire safety equipments, establishment of refuge & escape system, consolidation of real-time control on fire response and operation procedure will be required for early repressing fire and minimizing fatality.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5891-5893
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• 2013

Incidence/mortality of liver cancer follow logistic curves because there is a limit reflecting the prevalence of hepatitis virus carriers in the cohort. The author fitted logistic curves to incidence/mortality data covering the nine five-year cohorts born in 1911-1955 of both sexes. Goodness-of-fit of logistic curves was sufficiently precise to be used for future predictions. Younger cohorts born in 1936 or later were predicted to show constant decline in incidence/mortality in the future. The male cohort born in 1931-35 showed an elevated incidence/mortality of liver cancer early in their lives supporting the previous claim that this particular cohort had suffered massive HCV infection due to nation-wide drug abuse in the 1950s. Declining case-fatality observed in younger cohorts suggested improved treatment of liver cancer. This study demonstrated that incidence/mortality of liver cancer follow logistic curves and fitted logistic formulae can be used for future prediction. Given the predicted decline of incidence/mortality in younger cohorts, liver cancer is likely to be lost to history in the not-so-distant future.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2019

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the clinical features and prognostic factors of early-onset sepsis (EOS) in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records from January 2010 to June 2017 (7.5 years) of a university hospital NICU. Results: There were 45 cases of EOS (1.2%) in 3,862 infants. The most common pathogen responsible for EOS was group B Streptococcus (GBS), implicated in 10 cases (22.2%), followed by Escherichia coli, implicated in 9 cases (20%). The frequency of gram-positive sepsis was higher in term than in preterm infants, whereas the rate of gram-negative infection was higher in preterm than in term infants (P<0.05). The overall mortality was 37.8% (17 of 45), and 47% of deaths occurred within the first 3 days of infection. There were significant differences in terms of gestational age (26.8 weeks vs. 35.1 weeks) and birth weight (957 g vs. 2,520 g) between the death and survival groups. After adjustments based on the difference in gestational age and birth weight between the 2 groups, gram-negative pathogens (odds ratio [OR], 42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-1,281.8) and some clinical findings, such as neutropenia (OR, 46; 95% CI, 1.3-1,628.7) and decreased activity (OR, 34; 95% CI, 1.8-633.4), were found to be associated with fatality. Conclusion: The common pathogens found to be responsible for EOS in NICU patients are GBS and E. coli. Gram-negative bacterial infections, decreased activity in the early phase of infection, and neutropenia were associated with poor outcomes.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.260-263
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• 2020

Necrotizing fasciitis is an infection of the subcutaneous tissue that results in destruction of the fascia and is disproportionately common in patients with chronic liver disease or diabetes. Necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck is rare, but has a high fatality rate. A 50-year-old man with a past medical history of diabetes reported a chief complaint of a wound in the posterior neck due to trauma. The wound had grown and was accompanied by pus and redness, and the patient had a fever. When the patient was referred to department of plastic & reconstructive surgery, the sternocleidomastoid muscle, semispinalis capitis muscle, splenius capitis muscle, and trapezius muscles were exposed, and the size of the defect was about 25×20 cm. Dead tissue resection was performed before negative-pressure wound therapy, followed by a split-thickness skin graft (STSG). After a 2-week course of aseptic dressing post-STSG, the patient recovered completely. No postoperative complications were observed for 1 year. Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening, rapidly spreading infection, requiring early diagnosis and active surgical treatment. In addition, broad-spectrum antibiotics are required due to the variety of types of causative bacteria. Broad necrotizing fasciitis of the posterior neck is rare, but can quickly progress into a life-threatening stage.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 2023

Enterovirus infections induce infectious diseases in young children, such as hand, foot, and mouth disease which is characterized by highly contagious rashes or blisters around the hands, feet, buttocks, and mouth. This predominantly arises from enterovirus A71 or coxsackievirus A16 infections and in severe cases, they can lead to encephalitis, paralysis, pulmonary edema, or even fatality, representing a global health threat. Due to the absence of effective therapeutic strategies for these infections, various experimental animal models are being investigated for the development of vaccines. During the early stages of research on enterovirus infections, non-human primate infections exhibited symptoms like those in humans, leading to their utilization as model animals. However, due to economic and ethical considerations, their current usage is limited. While enterovirus infections do not readily occur in mice, an infection model with mouse-adapted strain in neonatal mice has been employed. Cellular receptors have been identified in human cells, and genetically modified mice expressing these receptors have been used. Most recently, the utilization of Mongolian gerbil model is actively being considered and should be pursued for further animal model development. So, herein, we provide a summarized overview of the current portfolio of available enterovirus infection models, emphasizing their respective advantages and limitations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2017

The safety nature of construction industry differs from that of manufacturing sector. For instance, accident risk level dramatically varies at each phase of construction process. Korean Occupational and Health Safety Act has been regulated OHS expense and it contributed reducing accident risk and enhancing safety culture for many years. However, although current regulation guides to use OHS expense proportionate to construction progress, it still allows late use of the expense. This study was conducted for the purpose of presenting methods of estimating a step-by-step OHS expense rate required at each construction phase. In order to do provide proper OHS expense schedule, it analysed accident risk of each construction phase by sorting out 1439 cases of construction site fatality reports, and proposed a method of generating appropriate OHS expense scheme according to its construction work progress characteristics. Both linear and sigmoidal S-curve model were used for the analysis, and the latter generally requires earlier use of OHS expense. By comparing the estimated OHS expense use schedule with current criteria, more than 27%p early use of OHS expense is required for the prevention of accident.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1983

In spite of the world-wide increase of incidence of pesticide poisoning due to greater use of pesticides, the epidemiological study of pesticide poisoning in Korea has been grossly neglected. The author gained access to the medical records for two year period (1981 through 1982) from local clinics, hospitals and health centers of Kyungpook area to investigate the status of the pesticide poisoning. During these two years, there were 1,618 cases of documented pesticide poisoning, of which in 1981 were 765 and in 1982 were 853. Those in the twenties decade of age was the most frequent and the male(70%) was more liable than the female (30%). In view of manner of poisoning, occupational poisoning was 27.8%, accidental 5.6%, and suicidal 66.6%. There are three distinct groups which make up the large majority of both fatal and nonfatal cases; young children who accidentally ingest pesticides, young to middle age adult who are occupationally poisoned, and middle age to older adults who suicidally ingest pesticides. The seasonal distribution of these poisonings disclosed the peak month to be July, with August next, followed by June and September. Only 11% of cases occurred during the three-month winter season of December to February. Thus pesticide caused poison- ing was primarily a summer and early fall occurrence. During these two years, average of 67 cases of poisoning was observed monthly. Of the pesticide poisoning documented, 49% were treated with poisoning patients from local clinic and 43% from hospital. The case fatality rate of occupational poisoning was 0.9%, accidental 5.6% and suicidal 20.3%. The mean overall case fatality rate was 14.1%. Annual incidence of pesticide poisoning was 25.4 per 100,000 population in the study area. There is a nationwide need for more reliable date on pesticide poisoning. This need can only grow more acute with the passage of time because of the increasing importance of pesticides as a cause of morbidity and mortality.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.6909-6912
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• 2015

Cancer is a major public health problem due to the jeavy disease burden, fatality and tendency for increased incidence. Of all cancer types, cervical cancer is reported to be the fourth most common cancer in women, and the seventh overall, with an estimated 528,000 new cases worldwide in 2012. It features a long preclinical phase with slowly progressing precancerous lesions such as CIN 2 and 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ. Therefore, screening programs such as with Pap smear tests may play an important role in cervical cancer prevention. The purpose of this study was to present results of a Pap smear screening survey for cervical cancer targeting women living in an urban area in the province of Mersin, located in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. This community-based descriptive study included women living at Akdeniz county of Mersin province. A total of 1,032 screened women between 30 and 65 ages within the routine screening programme constituted the study population. The mean age of the participants was $43.8{\pm}8.6$ (min. 30, max. 65) years. The percentage of the participants who had previously undergone smears was 40.6%. Epithelial cell changes were found in 26 (2.5%) participants, with ASC-US in 18 (1.7%), ASC-H in 2 (0.2%), LSIL in 5 (0.5%) and HSIL in 1 (0.1%). The most common clinical presentation together with epithelial changes was abnormal vaginal discharge. Taking into account the presence of women who had never undergone Pap test; it should be offered at primary level of health care in the form of a community-based service to achieve reduced morbidity and mortality rates.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2008

More than 70% of Korea consists of mountainous area and during the construction of roads and railroads many cut-slopes are inevitably formed. A number of environmental factors, such as the rainy season and frost heave during winter/thaw during spring, can result in rock falls and landslides. The failure of slopes is increasing every year and can cause damage to vehicles, personal injury and even fatality. In order to help protect people and property, there is a need for real-time monitoring systems to detect the early stages of slope failures. In this respect, the GMG has been using Translation Rotation Settlement (TRS) sensor units installed on slopes to monitor movement in real-time. However, the data lines of this system are vulnerable and the whole system can be damaged by a single lightning strike. In order to overcome this, GMG have proposed the use of Ubiquitous Sensor Networks (USN). The adoption of a USN system in lieu of data cables can help to minimize the risk of lightning damage and improve the reliability of slope monitoring systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.270-273
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• 2003

Injuries and fatalities at construction site have been rated higher than other industries in Korea and moreover safety management performance has been driven at the construction site only now days. Some of the foreign countries have recently begun to drive safety management performance of the owners and designers from an early phase of the legislated and researched projects As a result, they can get rid of injury and fatality risks at an earlier phase and then they are able to prevent those accidents in the construction site. Accordingly, it is required to introduce the concept of Safety Through Design applied in these foreign countries as a part of the collaborative safety management of our domestic construction site. Therefore this study aims to suggest the role of domestic owners and designers on the basis of the foreign safety concept and to apply it as an essential part of their roles in the domestic construction projects.