• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.436-437
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• 2008

Flexible CIGS thin film solar cell was fabricated using STS430 plate as a flexible substrate in this work. A diffusion barrier layer of $SiO_2$ thin film was deposited on STS430 substrate by PECVD followed by deposition of double layered Mo back contact. After depositing CIGS absorber layer by co-evaporation, CdS buffer layer by chemical bath deposition, ZnO window layer by RF sputtering and Al electrode by thermal evaporation, the solar cell fabrication processes were completed and its performance was evaluated. Corresponding solar cell showed an conversion efficiency of 8.35 % with $V_{OC}$ of 0.52 V, $J_{SC}$ of 26.06 mA/$cm^2$ and FF of 0.61.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1207-1210
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• 2009

The goal of this research is to apply the neural networks models for the disaggregation of the pan evaporation (PE) data, Republic of Korea. The neural networks models consist of generalized regression neural networks model (GRNNM) and multilayer perceptron neural networks model (MLP-NNM), respectively. The disaggregation means that the yearly PE data divides into the monthly PE data. And, for the performances of the neural networks models, they are composed of training and test performances, respectively. The training and test performances consist of the only historic data, respectively. From this research, we evaluate the impact of GRNNM and MLP-NNM for the disaggregation of the nonlinear time series data. We should, furthermore, construct the credible data of the monthly PE data from the disaggregation of the yearly PE data, and can suggest the methodology for the irrigation and drainage networks system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1215-1218
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• 2009

The goal of this research is to apply the neural networks models for the disaggregation of the pan evaporation (PE) data, Republic of Korea. The neural networks models consist of generalized regression neural networks model (GRNNM) and multilayer perceptron neural networks model (MLP-NNM), respectively. The disaggregation means that the yearly PE data divides into the monthly PE data. And, for the performances of the neural networks models, they are composed of training and test performances, respectively. The training data consist of the mixed data The mixed data involves the historic data and the generated data using PARMA (1,1). And, the testing data consist of the only historic data, respectively. From this research, we evaluate the impact of GRNNM and MLP-NNM for the disaggregation of the nonlinear time series data. We should, furthermore, construct the credible data of the monthly PE data from the disaggregation of the yearly PE data, and can suggest the methodology for the irrigation and drainage networks system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1211-1214
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• 2009

The goal of this research is to apply the neural networks models for the disaggregation of the pan evaporation (PE) data, Republic of Korea. The neural networks models consist of generalized regression neural networks model (GRNNM) and multilayer perceptron neural networks model (MLP-NNM), respectively. The disaggregation means that the yearly PE data divides into the monthly PE data. And, for the performances of the neural networks models, they are composed of training and test performances, respectively. The training data consist of the generated data using PARMA (1,1). And, the testing data consist of the historic data, respectively. From this research, we evaluate the impact of GRNNM and MLP-NNM for the disaggregation of the nonlinear time series data. We should, furthermore, construct the credible data of the monthly PE data from the disaggregation of the yearly PE data, and can suggest the methodology for the irrigation and drainage networks system.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2004

When water is evaporated quickly from a water-based colloidal suspension, colloidal particles protrude from the water surface, distorting it and generating lateral capillary forces between the colloidal particles. The protruded colloidal particles are then assembled into ordered colloidal crystalline domains that float on the water surface on account of their having a lower effective density than water. These colloidal crystal domains then assemble together by lateral capillary force and convective flow; the generated colloidal crystal has grain boundaries. The single domain size of the colloidal crystal could be controlled, to some extent, by changing the rate of water evaporation, but it seems very difficult to fabricate a single crystal over a large area of the water's surface without reorienting each colloidal crystal domain. To reorient such colloidal crystal domains, a glass plate was dipped into the colloidal suspension at a tilted angle because the meniscus (airwaterglass plate interface) is pinned and thinned by further water evaporation. The thinning meniscus generated a shear force and reoriented the colloidal crystalline domains into a single domain.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.115-115
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• 2003

Silica nanostructures have been attached considerable attention because of theirs potential application in mesoscopic research and the potential use of large surface area structure of catalysts. SiO2 nannowire and nanorods was synthesized various methods including thermal evaporation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and laser ablation methods. In this experiments, SiO2 nanowire were grown using thermal evaporation method followed by VS (Vapor-Solid) growth mechanisms. Grown SiO2 nanowires were amorphous phases because of its low growth temperatures. Grown nanowires diameters were about 20-40nm at all growth conditions, but its microstructres were different by that used substrate because of it's oxygen contents.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.620-628
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• 2008

Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin film, which is used as a window layer of heterojunction solar cell, on the glass substrate was deposited by vacuum evaporation. Effects of deposition conditions such as the source and substrate temperature on electrical and optical properties of CdS films was investigated. As the source temperature was increased, the deposition rate of CdS films was increased. In addition, the optical transmittance and the electrical resistivity of CdS films were decreased as the source temperature was increased. This results were attributed to the increase of excess Cd amount in the film. The crystal structure of CdS films exhibited the hexagonal phase with preferential orientation of the (002) plane. As the substrate temperature was increased, the crystal structure of CdS films was improved and the resistivity of the films was increased due to the decrease of excess Cd in film.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 1997

Recently, the new refrigerating system, using non - fluorinated hydrocarbon refrigerants has to be developed for the agricultural fields. One of that kinds of systems is the cooling system using the water vapor and vacuum, in which the water evaporate at the low temperature under vacuum and absorb the large amount of the latent heat. If vapor with large amount of latent heat is removed from the system, the system is cooled accordingly. The characteristics of cooling under the vacuum was observed and measured using experimental apparatus, which is consisted of vacuum chamber, the ejectors, the pumps and the measurement apparatus. As the results of experiments, we know that the evaporation in the vacuum occurs vigorously when the materials to be cooled has more amounts of heat before cooling, and by which effects the materials can be cooled. The cooling vacuum system is more efficient than other methods when the agricultural products is chilled or dried.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.764-771
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• 2007

The objective of the present work is to evaluate the evaporation heat flux of deposited droplet on the hot surface by using of inverse heat transfer technique. On the basis of measured temperature, a integral form solution is determined for the transient temperatures beyond the two positions by using Green's function technique. This method first approximates the temperature data with a half polynomial series of time. we compared this result with constant radius model in single phase regime, nucleate boiling regime, film boiling regime respectively. this paper performed the experiments as following conditions: (a)the surface temperature is within the range between $80^{\circ}C\;and\;160^{\circ}C$ in the conduction, (b) droplet diameter are 2.4 and 3.0mm. (c) surface roughness is $0.18{\mu}m$.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.83-84
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• 2009

Thin film solar cells based on CIGS continue to be a leading candidate for thin film photovoltaic devices due to their appropriate bandgap, long-term stability, and low-cost production. To date, the most successful technique for the deposition of a CIGS absorber layer has been based on the co-evaporation However, the evaporation process is difficult to scale-up for large-area manufacturing the sputtering and Selenizaton process has been a promising method for low-cost and large-scale production of high quality CIGS In this study, we have used Cu and CuIn alloy targets for precursor deposition the precursor deposited by sputtering Cu and CuIn targets and $CuInSe_2$ thin film is manufactured by Selenization process