• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2014

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the predominant cause of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). The antiviral activity of hederasaponin B from Hedera helix against EV71 subgenotypes C3 and C4a was evaluated in vero cells. In the current study, the antiviral activity of hederasaponin B against EV71 C3 and C4a was determined by cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction method and western blot assay. Our results demonstrated that hederasaponin B and 30% ethanol extract of Hedera helix containing hederasaponin B showed significant antiviral activity against EV71 subgenotypes C3 and C4a by reducing the formation of a visible CPE. Hederasaponin B also inhibited the viral VP2 protein expression, suggesting the inhibition of viral capsid protein synthesis.These results suggest that hederasaponin B and Hedera helix extract containing hederasaponin B can be novel drug candidates with broad-spectrum antiviral activity against various subgenotypes of EV71.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.49-65
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• 2004

IMT-2000, 즉 3G 이동통신은 3GPP와 3GPP2 등을 중심으로 표준화가 진행되어 왔다. 그에 따라 3GPP의 W-CDMA와 3GPP2의 cmdma2000 표준은 물론, 고속 패킷 전송을 위한 이들의 진화 표준인 3GPP의 HSDPA와 3GPP2의 EV-DO 및 EV-DV 표준이 제정되어 이미 서비스가 제공되고 있거나 관련 기술을 개발하고 있는 단계이다. 또한 현재는 이들을 보다 진화시킨 표준개발도 진행되고 있다.(중략)

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.85-91
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• 2023

In this study, an experimental study was conducted on the flame behavior, combustion dynamics, and NOx emission characteristics for hydrogen co-firing with the EV burner which is the first stage combustor of GT24. It was confirmed that as the hydrogen co-firing rate increases, the NOx emission increases. This change was elucidate to be the result of a combination of changes in penetration depth due to changes in fuel density, reduction in fuel mixing due to changes in flame position due to increased flame propagation speed, and oscillation of fuel mixedness due to combustion instability. Through pressurization tests in the range of 1.3 to 3.1 bar, NOx emission characteristics under high-pressure operating conditions were predicted, and based on this, the hydrogen co-firing limits of the EV burner was evaluated.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2024

According to the IEA (2022), global rechargeable battery demand is expected to reach 1.3 TWh in 2040. EV batteries will account for about 80% of this demand, and used EV batteries are expected to be discharged after 30 years. Used EV batteries can be recycled and reused to create new value. They can also resolve one of the most vulnerable parts of the battery supply chain: raw material insecurity. In this study, we analyzed the amount of used batteries generated by EV in Korea and their potential for reuse and recycling. As a result, it was estimated that the annual generation of used batteries for EV began to increase to more than 100,000 in '31 and expanded to 810,000 in '45. In addition, it was found that the market for recycling EV batteries in '45 could be expected to be equivalent to the production of 1 million batteries, and the market for reuse could be expected to be equivalent to the production of 36 Gwh of batteries. On the other hand, according to the plan standard disclosed by the recycling company, domestic used EV batteries can account for 11% of the domestic recycling processing capacity (pre-treatment) ('30). So it will be important to manage the import and export of used batteries in terms of securing raw materials.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2011

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is hormonal imbalance condition as the endocrine and metabolic disorder that induces the infertility and various complications in reproductive age women. Estradiol valerate (EV) is used hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women and is reported that excessive administration of EV induces the PCOS. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the factor to regulate the survival and maturation of developing neuronal cell and is also synthesized in ovary. And NGF is overexpressed in EV-induced polycystic ovary (PCO) as previously reported. Therefore, this study examined the possibility of NGF as can be used the biological marker in diagnosis of PCOS, the hormonal imbalance condition, using PCO and CHO (chinese hamster ovarian) cell lines. The concentration of EV treatment is optimized a 1 mg as not influence on the proliferation of CHO cell but 2 mg and 3 mg of EV treatment have the inhibition effect at initial stage. The morphological change was not observed in CHO cell after dose dependent manner treatment of EV. Expression of NGF mRNA and protein is significantly increased at 30 min after EV treatment in CHO cells compared to that of control. And NGF protein expression is strongly increased in PCO tissue, which observed many follicular cysts compared to normal ovary tissue. Taken together, overexpression of NGF may be act as a molecule to induce an abnormal development of follicle, suggesting that NGF can be used as a biological marker in diagnosis of PCOS.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.434-437
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• 2003

This study was carried out to obtain basic information for environment of native area and growth characteristics under various mulching materials in Dendropanox morbifera $\textrm{L}_{EV}$, Dendropax c morbifera was grown wild at Wando area, particularly, distribution frequency was high at 20 to 280 meters above the sea level, and configuration of the ground of native area descended slowly toward the southeast. The soil characteristics of native area was pH 5.3-5.5, 8.8-9.5% in organic matter content and 19.8-22.0% in soil moisture. Growth of Dendropanox morbifera $\textrm{L}_{EV}$, was accelerated by transparent polyethylene film and black polyethylene film mulched.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1964

GamnH-irradiated aqueous solutions of triglycine were studied using low voltage electrophoresis, paper chromatography, and determination of carbonyl compound. Four generalizations can be made as follows: 1. One component from irradiated triglycine formed a complex with copper ions and had higher electronegativity than did triglycine. 2. Five components from irradiated triglycine were separated by paper chromatography; of these, two were identified. 3. Carbonyl compound formation in irradiated triglycine increased up to $5{\times}10^{20}\;ev/ml$ and decreased at higher doses up to $1.9{\times}10^{21}\;ev/ml$ indicating its participation in secondary reaction in the complex system. 4. The possibility of hydrolytic brcabtgc of peptide bond was indicated by the separation of glycine from irradiated triglycine.lycine.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.952-957
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• 2015

Recently, the interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors for electric vehicle (EV) traction motor are being extensively researched because of its high energy density and high efficiency. The traction motor for EV requires high power and high efficiency at the wide driving region. Therefore, it is essential to fully consider the characteristics of the motor from low speed to high-speed driving regions. Especially, when the motor is driven at high speed, a significant centrifugal force is applied to the rotor. Thus, the rotor must be stably structured and be fully endured at the critical speed. In this paper, aims to examine the characteristics of the IPM motor by adjusting the width of air-barrier according to the permanent magnet position which is critical in designing an IPM motor for EV traction motors and to conduct a centrifugal force analysis for grasping mechanical safety.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.60-74
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effects of Gwibi-Tang(GBT) on the polycystic ovary(PCO) induced by estradiol valerate(EV) in rats. Methods: PCO was induced by single intramuscular injection with EV(4mg) in female rats. Normal group(n=8) were injected with sesame oil and orally administrated distilled water for eight weeks. PCO control group(n=8) were injected with EV and orally administrated distilled water for eight weeks. GBT treated group(n=8) were injected with EV and orally administrated GBT for eight weeks. Then we measured weight of body, ovaries, adrenal glands, and uterus of rats. The histopathology changes of ovaries were also evaluated. The expression of nerve growth factor(NGF) was analyzed in the central nervous system, adrenal glands and ovaries by immunohistochemistry. And also CRF expression in median eminance of Rats were analyzed. Results: 1. The weight(g) of rats in GBT treated group($275{\pm}14$) was significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with control group($253{\pm}8$), 2. The weight(mg) of ovaries in GBT treated group($75.8{\pm}16.7$) was significantly increased(p<0.001) compared with control group($37.4{\pm}6.7$). 3. The number of mature follicles in GBT treated group($3.6{\pm}1.2$) was significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with control group($1.5{\pm}1.5$. 4. The number of atretic follicles in GBT treated group($8.0{\pm}3.1$) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group($18.6{\pm}6.0$). 5. The number of cystic follicles in GBT treated group($0.5{\pm}0.5$) was significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with control group($2.3{\pm}1.3$). 6. The number of corpora lutea in GBT treated group($6.1{\pm}3.9$) was significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with control group($1.6{\pm}2.3$). 7. The expression of NGF-immunoreactive cells in the ovarian granulosa cells in GBT treated group was lesser observed than control group. Conclusion: From the above results, we concluded that Gwibi-Tang has inhibitory effect on the development of EV-induced polycystic ovary. And it's effect may be related with decreased NGF activities in the ovary.

• Digital Contents
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• no.1 s.116
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• pp.58-64
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• 2003

SK텔레콤과 KTF는 각각 3세대 이동통신의 주도권을 놓고 일대 격돌을 벌일 조짐이다. SK텔레콤의 EV-DO 서비스인 '준(JUNE}'의 선공에 KTF가 '핌(fimm)'을 앞세워 양 강 대결을 가속화 하고 있다. SK텔레콤과 KTF가 내년부터 본격화될 것으로 이는 cdma2000 1x EV-DO와 WCDMA 시대에 대비하기 위해 브랜드 전략을 새롭게 수립하고 홍보전에 뛰어들었다. SK텔레콤은 엔터테인먼트 중심으로, KTF는 실용성이 강한 인프라성 콘텐츠와 멀티미디어 메시징서비스(MMS)로 차세대 주도권을 잡기 위해 분주히 움직이고 있다. '유비쿼터스' 시대를 맞아 누구보다 앞장서 뛰고 있는 곳이 바로 이동통신 서비스업체들이다. 언제 어디서나 휴대 단말기로 인터넷에 접속, 멀티미디어를 즐길수 있는 3세대 이동통신 서비스로 승부를 낸다는 전략이다.