• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2023

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious public health issue that places a heavy financial, social, and health-related burden on individuals, families, and healthcare systems. Self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is extensively used for monitoring the general population's health conditions and measuring the effectiveness of interventions. Therefore, this study investigated HRQoL and associated factors among patients with type 2 DM at a primary healthcare center in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Klaten District, Central Java, Indonesia, from May 2019 to July 2019. In total, 260 patients with DM registered with National Health Insurance were interviewed. HRQoL was measured with the EuroQol Group's validated Bahasa Indonesia version of the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) with the Indonesian value set. Multivariate regression models were used to identify factors influencing HRQoL. Results: Data from 24 patients were excluded due to incomplete information. Most participants were men (60.6%), were aged above 50 years (91.5%), had less than a senior high school education (75.0%), and were unemployed (85.6%). The most frequent health problems were reported for the pain/discomfort dimension (64.0%) followed by anxiety (28.4%), mobility (17.8%), usual activities (10.6%), and self-care (6.8%). The average EuroQoL 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) index score was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.88). In the multivariate ordinal regression model, a higher education level (coefficient, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.14) was a significant predictor of the EQ-5D-5L utility score. Conclusions: Patients with diabetes had poorer EQ-5D-5L utility values than the general population. DM patients experienced pain/discomfort and anxiety. There was a substantial positive relationship between education level and HRQoL.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.114-125
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• 2019

Objective: Segmented cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for cardiac ventricular volumetric assessment. In patients with difficulty in breath-holding or arrhythmia, this technique may generate images with inadequate quality for diagnosis. Real-time cardiac cine MRI has been developed to address this limitation. We aimed to assess the performance of retrospective electrocardiography-gated real-time cine MRI at 3T for left ventricular (LV) volume and mass measurement. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one patients were consecutively enrolled. A series of short-axis cine images covering the entire left ventricle using both segmented and real-time balanced steady-state free precession cardiac cine MRI were obtained. End-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), and LV mass were measured. The agreement and correlation of the parameters were assessed. Additionally, image quality was evaluated using European CMR Registry (Euro-CMR) score and structure visibility rating. Results: In patients without difficulty in breath-holding or arrhythmia, no significant difference was found in Euro-CMR score between the two techniques (0.3 ± 0.7 vs. 0.3 ± 0.5, p > 0.05). Good agreements and correlations were found between the techniques for measuring EDV, ESV, EF, SV, and LV mass. In patients with difficulty in breath-holding or arrhythmia, segmented cine MRI had a significant higher Euro-CMR score (2.3 ± 1.2 vs. 0.4 ± 0.5, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Real-time cine MRI at 3T allowed the assessment of LV volume with high accuracy and showed a significantly better image quality compared to that of segmented cine MRI in patients with difficulty in breath-holding and arrhythmia.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.238-240
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• 1994

We performed post-operative hemodynamic evaluation and lung perfusion scan after left lung transplantation in dog. The heart & lungs were extracted from donor dog while the both lungs were flushed with 4oC Euro-Collin`s solution after heparinization & infusion of prostaglandin E1.In the recipient dog, anastomosis of the left atrial cuff was performed by continuous 4-0 Prolene everted suture, and bronchial anastomosis by telescope method with 4-0 Prolene continuous suture. The end-to-end anastomosis of left main pulmonary arteries was performed with continuous 6-0 Prolene suture. After closure of left thoracotomy incision, the lung perfusion scan was performed post operative 2 days for evaluation of the function of the transplanted lung which showed good perfusion. The dog was sacrificed in the post-operative 5 days for autopsy.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2015

This study was designed to investigate the emission characteristics of unregulated pollutants (Aldehyde, VOCs, PAHs) as well as regulated pollutants (CO, HC, NOx and PM) from diesel medium-duty trucks. The emission characteristics of unregulated and regulated pollutants were assessed based on regulation standards (EURO 4 and EURO 5) and intake weight (2.5 ton and 5 ton). The results show that unregulated and regulated pollutants remained almost unchanged at higher speeds but decreased at below 23.5 km/h. Reduction in unregulated and regulated pollutants was noticeable in vehicles of recent regulation standards and light intake weight. The analysis of aldehyde using UPLC showed that formaldehyde and acetaldehyde of aldehyde were most dominant. The GC/MS analysis showed that benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene of VOCs was over 80% followed by toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and benzene. In addition, the analysis of PAHs using GC/TOF-MS indicated that bi- and tricyclic aromatic ring of aromatic compounds was 73% and 53% at 2.5 ton and 5 ton vehicles, respectively. The results of this study will be contributed to establish HAPs inventory.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.259-269
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• 2020

Background: This study aims to statistically analyze and compare the curative effect and satisfaction level between typical traditional Korean medicine treatment and nonsurgical spinal decompression treatment. Methods: Of the patients who were diagnosed with the cervical or lumbar herniated intervertebral disc at the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine at the Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital from April 14^th to August 25^th, 2019, this study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 31 patients who underwent nonsurgical spinal decompression treatment and traditional Korean medicine (assigned to Group A) and another 31 patients who received typical traditional Korean medicine alone (assigned to Group B). The clinical data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 23.0. Results: No statistically significant differences appeared in terms of sociodemographic, condition, and therapeutic characteristics, except whether the patient received Western medicine treatment, before or after a treatment with traditional Korean medicine. Group A exhibited higher variations in numeric rating scale, EuroQol- 5 dimension and EuroQol visual analogue scale scores compared to Group B as determined by independent sample t test and analysis of covariance. In addition, the satisfaction score of Group A was higher than that of Group B The result of cross analysis revealed that desire for continued treatment in Group A was higher than that of Group B. Conclusion: This retrospective observational study showed that the patients with nonsurgical spinal decompression treatment reported a greater reduction in pain, improved quality of life and satisfaction than patients receiving typical traditional Korean medicine.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2014

Biodiesel as alternative fuels has been widely studied due to biodiesel merits such as lower sulfur, lower aromatic hydrocarbon and higher oxygen content. But biodiesels could be easily oxidized by several conditions. In this study, various antioxidants such as propyl gallate, TBHA, TBHQ, DTBHQ, butyl-amin, aniline and pyrogallol were added in the biodiesel produced by the used cooking oil, then the material property test and the vehicle emissions test were conducted in accordance with test method. From the results of material property test, all antioxidants were suitable for the quality standard of density and kinematic viscosity, but Propyl gallate and Pyrogallol, as a type of Gallate additives, showed that the result of TAN increased rapidly according to the increase of the amount of additives. In the oxidation stability test, TBHQ, Butyl-amine and Aniline showed the excellent oxidation stability. Also, when considering the material property test, TBHQ was verified to the most excellent additives. In case of the vehicle emissions test, the testing was conducted by using the biodiesel added by TBHQ and was conducted by using two light duty diesel vehicles suitable for the EURO 4 and EURO 5 emission regulation. The result of testing showed that when the TBHQ was added, the amounts of CO, NOx and NMHC+NOx were decreased but the amount of $CO_2$ was increased.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2014

As the interest on the air pollution is gradually risen up at home and abroad, their vehicle emission regulations have been reinforcing by steps. PM regulation was also reinforced 4times for the last 13years and has been applied to SI vehicles after EURO 5. Additionally, knowing that small particles of PM can easily penetrate deep into lungs PM number was added on the regulation from EURO5+ and is applied to CI vehicles. Also, PN regulation is going to be applied to SI vehicles. But, because the regulation is appled to only a general test mode of each countries that is performed at $25{\pm}5^{\circ}C$, it is unclear whether the regulation can work on the other ambient temperature conditions or not. In this paper, to know that exhaust emission characteristics at the special conditions CI vehicles(CRDi w, w/o DPF) were tested using 5-cycle mode, NEDC mode at 5-ambient temperatures (35, 25, 0, -7 and -15) and the exhaust emission test results were discussed. The results show that the vehicle with DPF emits much low PM(and PM number) on all of the test mode. However, NOx of the other mode was emitted higher than regulation mode. Also. NOx was sharply increased according to decreasing Ambient Temperature.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
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• pp.563-563
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• 2016

국내 강우발생은 기상학적인 영향으로 인하여 장마기간(6~8월)에 집중되어있으며, 최근에는 기후변화의 영향으로 짧은 시간에 많은 양의 강우가 발생하는 집중호우의 발생빈도가 증가하고 있다. 또한, 시간과 지역에 관계없이 국지성호우의 발생빈도 역시 높아지고 있다. 집중호우와 국지성호우는 짧은 시간에 하천수위를 상승시키므로 홍수로 인한 물적 피해가 크게 발생된다. 국토교통부에서는 그동안 홍수예보에 필수적인 우량, 하천수위 등 기초자료를 확보하기 위해 관측소(500여개) 및 홍수량 측정지점(80여개)을 확대하였으며, 관측된 자료는 모두 전산망에 기록, 보관하고 있다. 또한 한강, 금강, 낙동강, 영산강의 경우 홍수통제소에서 홍수량 예측 계산 등을 통해 홍수 예경보를 실시하고 있다. 하지만 4대강을 제외한 중소하천의 홍수예경보에 대한 정보를 찾아볼 수 없으며, 현재 연구가 진행중이다. 강우-유출모형을 활용하여 중소하천의 강우와 유출의 관계를 해석하는 과정은 다양한 인자를 고려해야하지만 중소하천의 경우 하천단면 등 하천자료가 충분히 구축되어 있지 못하므로 유출량 계산에 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 중소하천의 홍수위 예측을 위해 한강의 과거 수위와 현재 수위만을 활용하여 인공신경망(Artificial Neural Network, ANN)의 학습을 진행하였다. 첫 번째로 ANN을 활용하여 한강유역 중 홍수예보지점(잠수교)의 수위변화에 직접적으로 연관이 있는 5개 수위관측소를 선정하였으며, 과거 장마기간(6~8월)관측 자료를 활용하였다. 두 번째로 홍수예보지점(잠수교)과 5개 수위관측소의 과거 관측수위(2009~2014년)를 인공신경망의 학습자료로 활용하여 모델을 훈련시켰으며, 마지막으로 2015년의 관측수위를 이용하여 ANN의 학습정확도에 대한 검증을 하였다. 본 과정은 수위예측을 위한 ANN의 훈련단계로 Training/Test를 반복하였으며, 학습결과와 2015년 관측수위 비교시 $R^2=0.987$과 상관계수 r=0.994로 유사한 패턴을 보였으나 최대치와 최소치에 대한 오차가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한융합한의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ultrasound therapy on left knee pain and instability diagnosed with Baker's cyst in a 25-year-old male patient. Methods: Patient was treated with Radio frequency ablation treatment on left knee from Naeseulan (EX-LE4) to Wijoong (BL40). The effect of radio frequency ablation was assessed by Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) and Euro Qol-5 Dimension Index (EQ-5D Index). The treatment was executed one time a day everyday form May 28th to June 1st of 2020. Patient was observed from May 26th to June 1st. Results: After five sessions of radio frequency ablation, VAS of left posterior knee pain was improved while no improvement was discovered at left medial knee. In Korean WOMAC scale, only subscale of weight bearing and walking around plain were improved. EQ-5D did not show any improvement. Conclusion: The results suggest that radio frequency ablation treatment can be a valuable option in treating knee pain and daily living function. Further study seems to be needed based on long-term intervention.