Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7467/KSAE.2014.22.2.067

The Study for Effect of Biodiesel Antioxidants on Properties and Emissions  

Kang, Hyungkyu (Research Institute of Petroleum Technology, Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority)
Song, Hoyoung (Research Institute of Petroleum Technology, Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority)
Park, Sooyoul (Research Center for Environmental Research & Resources & Process, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology)
Oh, Sangki (Department of Automotive Engineering, Gyeonggi College of Science and Technology)
Na, Byungki (Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University)
Publication Information
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers / v.22, no.2, 2014 , pp. 67-75 More about this Journal
Abstract
Biodiesel as alternative fuels has been widely studied due to biodiesel merits such as lower sulfur, lower aromatic hydrocarbon and higher oxygen content. But biodiesels could be easily oxidized by several conditions. In this study, various antioxidants such as propyl gallate, TBHA, TBHQ, DTBHQ, butyl-amin, aniline and pyrogallol were added in the biodiesel produced by the used cooking oil, then the material property test and the vehicle emissions test were conducted in accordance with test method. From the results of material property test, all antioxidants were suitable for the quality standard of density and kinematic viscosity, but Propyl gallate and Pyrogallol, as a type of Gallate additives, showed that the result of TAN increased rapidly according to the increase of the amount of additives. In the oxidation stability test, TBHQ, Butyl-amine and Aniline showed the excellent oxidation stability. Also, when considering the material property test, TBHQ was verified to the most excellent additives. In case of the vehicle emissions test, the testing was conducted by using the biodiesel added by TBHQ and was conducted by using two light duty diesel vehicles suitable for the EURO 4 and EURO 5 emission regulation. The result of testing showed that when the TBHQ was added, the amounts of CO, NOx and NMHC+NOx were decreased but the amount of $CO_2$ was increased.
Keywords
Antioxidant; Biodiesel; TBHQ(Tertiary Butyl Hydroquinone); Oxidative stability; Emission; Used cooking oil;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 S. H. Yoon, J. P. Cha, J. W. Hwang, N. W. Sung and C. S. Lee, "Combustion and Particulate Emissions Characteristics in a CI Engine Fueled with Biodiesel-bioethanol Blended Fuel," Transactions of KSAE, Vol.17, No.6, pp.1-7, 2009.   과학기술학회마을
2 G. Knothe, R. O. Dunn, in: F. D. Gunstone, R. J. Hamilton (Eds.), "Oleochemical Manufacture and Applications," Sheffield Academic, Sheffield, UK, 2001, pp.106-163 (Chap. 5).
3 G. Knothe, R. O. Dunn, M. O. Bagby, in: B. C. Saha, J. Woodward (Eds.), ACS Symp. Ser. 666: "Fuels and Chemicals for Biomass, American Chemical Society," Washington, DC, pp.172-208, 1997.
4 M. S. Graboski and R. L. McCormick, "Combustion of Fat and Vegetable Oil Derived Fuels in Diesel Engines," Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., Vol.24, Issue 2, pp.125-164, 1998.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 A. W. Schwab, M. O. Bagby and B. Freedman, "Preparation and Properties of Diesel Fuels from Vegetable Oils," Fuel, Vol.66, No.10, pp.1372-1378, 1987.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Y. Oh, S. Choi, A. Janchiv and D. Lee "The Effects on Smoke and NOx with Biodiesel Fuel in a Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine," KSAE Annual Conference Proceedings, pp.20-25, 2010.
7 M. Mittelbach and S. Gangl, Long Storage Stability of Biodiesel Made from Rapeseed and Used Frying Oil, JAOCS, Vol.78, No.6, pp.573-577, 2001.   DOI
8 O. Robert, "Dunn Effect of Antioxidants on the Oxidative Stability of Methyl Soyate (Biodiesel)," Fuel Processing Technology, Vol.86, No.10, pp.1071-1085, 2005.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 A. K. Domingos, E. B. Saad, W. W. D. Vechiatto, H. M. Wilhelm and L. P. Ramos "The Influence of BHA, BHT and TBHQ on the Oxidation Stability of Soybean Oil Ethyl Esters (Biodiesel)," J. Braz. Chem. Soc., Vol.18, No.2, pp.416-423, 2007.   DOI
10 S. K. Jain, S. Kumar and A. Chaube, "Technical Sustainability of Biodiesel and Its Blends with Diesel in C.I. Engines," International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol.2, No.2, pp.101-109, 2011.
11 K. Varatharajan, Effect of Antioxidant Additives on NOx Emissions from a Jatropha Biodiesel Fuelled DI Diesel Engine, Ph. D. Dissertation, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 2012.
12 P. F. Flynn, R. P. Durrett, G. L. Hunter, A. O. zur Loye, O. C. Akinyemi, J. E. Dec and C. K. Westbrook, "Diesel Combustion: An Integrated View Combining Laser Diagnostics, Chemical Kinetics, and Empirical Validation," SAE 1999- 01-0509, 1999.
13 M. A. Hess, M. J. Haas, T. A. Foglia and W. N. Marmer, "Effect of Antioxidant Addition on NOx Emissions from Biodiesel," Energy & Fuels, Vol.19, No.4, pp.1749-1754, 2005.   DOI
14 M. Lapuerta, O. Armas and J. Rodriguez-Fernandez, "Effect of Biodiesel Fuels on Diesel Engine Emissions," Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol.34, No.2, pp.198-223, 2008.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 M. Senthilkumar, A. Remesh and B. Nagalingam, "Complete Vegetable Oil Fueled Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine," SAE 2001-28-0067, 2001.
16 B. Kegl, "Effects of Biodiesel on Emissions of a Bus Diesel Engine," Bioresource Technology, Vol.99, No.4, pp.863-873, 2008.   DOI
17 E. Ileri and G. Kocar, "Effects of Antioxidant Additives on Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Canola Oil Methyl Ester-.diesel Blend," Energy Conversion and Management, Vol.76, pp.145-154, 2013.   DOI
18 K. Varatharajan, M. Cheralathan and R. Velraj, "Mitigation of NOx Emissions from a Jatropha Biodiesel Fuelled DI Diesel Engine Using Antioxidant Additives," Fuel, Vol.90, No.8, pp.2721-2725, 2011.   DOI
19 T. T. Kivevele, L. Kristof, A. Bereczky and M. M. Mbarawa, "Engine Performance, Exhaust Emissions and Combustion Characteristics of a CI Engine Fuelled with Croton Megalocarpus Methyl Ester with Antioxidant," Fuel, Vol.90, No.8, pp.2782-2789, 2011.   DOI
20 J. Krahl, J. Bqnger, H.-E. Jeberien, K. Prieger, C. Schqtt, A. Mqnack, M. Bahadir, in: J. S. Cundiff, E. E. Gavett, C. Hansen, C. Peterson, M. A. Sanderson, H. Shapouri and D. L. van Dyne(Eds.), "Analysis of Biodiesel Exhaust Emissions and Determination of Environmental and Health Effects," Proc., Third Liquid Fuel Conference: Liquid Fuel and Industrial Products from Renewable Resources, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI, pp.149-165, 1996.