• Clean Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2010

Product-based environmental regulations, such as RoHS, REACH, EuP, etc., on electrical and electronic equipments, chemicals, and so on, initiated by the European Union, are becoming a global trend. These regulations can create barriers to trade among nations worldwide and may thereby have a direct impact on the function of internal market. If domestic companies utilize well the international environmental regulations in advance, they will get good opportunity for expanding overseas market. In this paper the current status of countermeasure for overcoming the international environmental regulations in domestic industries was investigated and the future plans were discussed.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.419-449
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• 2022

This paper aims to quantify the potential economic burdens of EU's carbon border adjustment mechanisms faced by Korean domestic industries. In addition, this study tries to compare and analyzes changes in the burden of each industry resulted from the implementation of the domestic low-carbon policy. Based on the quantitative findings, we intend to suggest policy implications for establishing mid- to long-term strategies in response to climate change risks. Based on the environmentally extended input-output analysis, the total economic burdens of the domestic industries due to the EU's carbon border adjustment mechanisms are estimated to be approximately KRW 8,245.6 billion in 2030. Looking at the impacts by industry, it is found that major industries such as petrochemicals, petroleum refining, transportation equipment, steel, automobiles, and electric/electronic equipment industries are expected to account for 84.3% of the total potential burdens. In addition, in multiple policy scenarios assuming technological developments and energy transition following the implementation of domestic low-carbon policies, the total economic burden of carbon border adjustment is expected to decrease by about 11.7% to 15.0%. The main result of this study suggests that we should not view EU EU's carbon border adjustment mechanism as a trade regulation, but to use it as a momentum for more effective implementation of the low-carbon and energy transition strategies in the global carbon neural era.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.406-420
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• 2009

European economic integration and geographical enlargement brought change in the intra-european trade flow and a trade structure. The first, an european enlargement contributes to the increase in intra-european trade, but its effect relatively becomes smaller successive enlargement. The second, the intra-industry trade increases in the intra-european trade according as an european economic integration and enlargement make possible the economy of scale. In the intra-industry trade, the horizontal intra-industry trade decreases and the vertical intra-industry trade increases. The third, the Western Europe's trade is generally an intra-industry trade, the trade of Southern Europe, Central and Eastern Europe is an inter-industry trade. But the South Europe's trade and Central and Eastern Europe's trade change from the inter-industry trade to the intra-industry trade.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.44
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• pp.655-688
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• 2013

Most of all the transfer of undertakings in such a service provision business as labour-intensive operation creates uncertainty of employment, aggravates terms of employment and breaks a trade union. However there are no regulations in Korea to protect employees from these undesirable situations. On the other hand Great Britain has introduced the concept of a transfer of undertakings by service provision change in 2006. It was intended to remove or at least alleviate the uncertainties and difficulties created by the need under TUPE 1981 and EU Directive to establish a transfer of a stable economic identity which retained its identity in the hands of the alleged transferee. In contrast to the words used to define transfer in the 1981 Regulations 'service provision change' is a wholly new statutory concept and distinguished from the economic entity. The new provisions seems to be straightforwards and the circumstances in which service provision change is established are clearly set out in Regulations. In this context there is no need for a judicially prescribed multi-factorial approach, as advanced by European Court of Justice like Spijkers test. The new concept of service provision change apply even though there are some minor difference or differences between the nature of the tasks carried on after service provision change as compared with before it. A commonsense and pragmatic approach is required and It is enough only to ask whether the activities carried on by the alleged transferee are fundamentally or essentially the same as those carried out by the alleged transfer. TUPE 2006 of Great Britain far exceeding the scope of the Acquired Rights Directive is full of suggestions as a model of legislation to secure a stable employment itself and favorable and fair conditions of employment. More active efforts are needed for lawmaking to prohibit a dismissal and vary conditions of employment for the reason of the transfer of undertakings itself.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.223-245
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• 2017

This study is examined interaction between carbon market with stock market using a multivariate GARCH(DCC) model. Carbon market is EU ETS EUA price, stock market is the iron and cement stock price which has relatively energy intensive and massive carbon emissions sector in the industrial sector. It also analyzed changes in the correlation between the markets through an analysis of correlation coefficients. Moreover, it checked whether there was marketability expansion(or expansion of carbon emissions reduction) through the analysis above. As a result of empirical tests, it showed that the price spillover effect was insignificant. In addition, it represented that there was a weak correlation between the two markets since the volatility spillover effect disappeared in the second phase by an external shock(a financial crisis). Moreover, it was revealed that there were no significant changes although there was a weak upward trend in terms of the correlation between the carbon market and the stock market. This implies that emission rights could not expand marketability to financial market as a commodity(or did not play its natural role of the reduction of carbon emission).

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.79-110
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• 2023

The purpose of this research is to explore the relation between Brexit and division in various areas within the British society. This research can lead to understanding how division of the British society and the decision of Brexit was mutually influenced. The UK's withdrawal from the EU has been explained mainly through the relations between the EU and the UK; therefore, issues of immigration, EU regulation, and the UK's EU rebate are considered as major reasons. In addition, 'British identity' or 'British exceptionalism' existing in the British society and politics for a long time has been regarded as a reason for Brexit. Although it is generally accepted that Brexit results in the division in the British society, the reasons mentioned above have limitation to explain the result of referendum and the division of the British society in the post-Brexit era. In this sense, this research explores the division in various areas - generation, social grade including income and education level, value and region, etc. - revealed in the British society is not the result of Brexit; rather, this research argues division deeply rooted in the British society before referendum is the root cause of Brexit. The division in various areas immanent in the British society for a long time is complicatedly intertwined, and the decision on Brexit by referendum has led to solidifying the division of the British society. Having considered this division in the British society has been expanded to rancour, it is necessary for the UK to establish appropriate policies for national cohesion.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.311-368
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• 2009

In order to survive the on-going natural resource war, Korea needs various efforts such as enhancing self-exploitation ratio, increasing the supply of new-reuse energy, strengthening cooperation with resource rich countries. Central Asian countries are geometrically far away from Korea. However, Korea should try to develop political, economic and ethnic relationship with those countries into much higher dimension to secure various natural resources. Major countries including U.S., EU. Japan and China are approaching Central Asian countries with long term perspective. Improving country-image through enlargement of ODA is the first concern of those countries. Korea should try to follow their practices. Government should try to improve Korea's image in the first place and lead economic cooperation with very detailed supportive measures to induce Korean firms' investment into the Central Asian countries. In the due process, a lot of information about those countries' political climate, social situation, ethnical composition, major religions, educational system, current state and structure of economies and industries, etc should be made available to Korean firms.

• Monthly Korean Chicken
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• v.4 no.8 s.38
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• pp.2-8
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• 1998

농림부, 뉴캣슬 예방접종 의무화 - 농림부, 자가검사 세부규정 개정고시 -간 ${\cdot}$ EU 수출 보조금 경쟁 부활 - 말레이시아 축산의 저 비용화 모색 - 태국, 대일 수출 닭고기 세균검사 강화 - 닭고기는 편의성과 경제성을 모두 갖춘 식품 - 닭고기 가공식품 홍보에 주력 - 범 업계 생산조절 운동에 적극 참여키로 - 축협중앙회 닭계열화사업 10월경 시험계약사육 - 패스트푸드업계, 98년 상반기 성장세 주춤 - 냉동 닭고기 수입 가격 계속 하락 - 미국가금류수출협회, 국내시장 확대를 위한 시장조사

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.112-113
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• 2000

시장의 글로벌화(globalization)는 오늘날 기업들이 직면한 가장 큰 도전이다$^1$). 국가경계의 급속한 붕괴, 지역간 통합(유럽 연합 ［EU］, 북미 자유 무역 협정, 동남 아시아 연합 등), 제조 기술의 표준화, 글로벌 투자와 글로벌 제품전략, 세계 여행의 확대, 교육과 지적 수준의 급속한 증가, 개발도상 국가들의 도시화, 국가간의 정보(월드 와이드 웹), 노동, 자본 및 테크놀로지의 자유로운 유통, 소비자 욕구와 구매력의 증가, 텔레커뮤니케이션 테크놀러지의 진보, 그리고 글로벌 미디어의 출현등은 각 국의 개별시장을 하나의 글로벌 시장으로 통합시키는 경향을 가속화시키고 있다.(중략)

• The Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.12 s.391
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• pp.43-70
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• 2001

선진국의 첨단과학기술개발 정책 - 미ㆍEUㆍ일ㆍ중 첨단분야 연구비 대폭 증액, ITㆍBTㆍNTㆍET 등 4T 개발에 총력/미국 - 과학기술관련 대통령자문기구 재설치, 국방ㆍ보건분야에 정부연구비 75% 투입/일본 - 정부연구비 경제기여할 분야 집중 투입, 대학지원 확대 첨단기술혁신 주역 육성/중국 - 연구성과 사업화위해 산ㆍ학ㆍ연 협력강화/EU - '프레임워크 6' ITㆍBTㆍNT에 집중, '유럽연구지역' 통해 우수 과학자 유치/우리나라는 어떤가 - 한시적 연구단 중심 연구개발사업 추진, 취약한 기초과학 육성 마련위해 부심