Analyses & Alternatives (분석과 대안)

Korea Consensus Institute(KCI) (사단법인 코리아컨센서스연구원)
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How has Brexit changed the UK: Deepening of Social Division and Increase of Rancour

브렉시트(Brexit)가 바꾼 영국: 사회적 분열의 심화와 증오의 확산

  • Sungwook Yoon (Dept. of Political Science & International Relations, Chungbuk National University)
  • 윤성욱 (충북대학교 정치외교학과)
  • Received : 2023.05.22
  • Accepted : 2023.06.07
  • Published : 2023.06.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this research is to explore the relation between Brexit and division in various areas within the British society. This research can lead to understanding how division of the British society and the decision of Brexit was mutually influenced. The UK's withdrawal from the EU has been explained mainly through the relations between the EU and the UK; therefore, issues of immigration, EU regulation, and the UK's EU rebate are considered as major reasons. In addition, 'British identity' or 'British exceptionalism' existing in the British society and politics for a long time has been regarded as a reason for Brexit. Although it is generally accepted that Brexit results in the division in the British society, the reasons mentioned above have limitation to explain the result of referendum and the division of the British society in the post-Brexit era. In this sense, this research explores the division in various areas - generation, social grade including income and education level, value and region, etc. - revealed in the British society is not the result of Brexit; rather, this research argues division deeply rooted in the British society before referendum is the root cause of Brexit. The division in various areas immanent in the British society for a long time is complicatedly intertwined, and the decision on Brexit by referendum has led to solidifying the division of the British society. Having considered this division in the British society has been expanded to rancour, it is necessary for the UK to establish appropriate policies for national cohesion.

본 연구는 현재 영국 사회가 보여주고 있는 다양한 측면에서의 분열과 브렉시트의 관계를 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 통해 영국 사회의 분열과 브렉시트 결정이 상호 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지 살펴보고자 한다. 영국의 EU 탈퇴는 영국과 EU와의 관계를 중심으로 설명되어 왔고, 이에 이민, EU 규제, 분담금 반환 등이 주요 원인으로 제시되었다. 영국만의 정체성 혹은 영국 예외주의도 이미 오랫동안 영국 사회 및 정치에 존재해 왔던 브렉시트의 원인으로 여겨진다. 비록 브렉시트로 인해 영국 사회의 분열이 초래되었다는 것이 일반적인 논리로 받아들여지고 있지만, 상기 원인들이 국민투표 결과와 포스트 브렉시트 시대에 나타난 영국 사회의 분열을 설명하는 데에는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 영국 사회의 다양한 분야 - 세대, 소득 및 교육 수준 등을 포함한 사회등급, 가치, 지역 등 -에서 드러난 분열은 브렉시트 문제로 발생한 것이 아님을 규명하고 있다, 오히려 국민투표 시행 이전부터 이미 영국 사회에 뿌리 깊게 자리잡고 있었던 분열이 브렉시트의 근본적 원인이라고 주장한다. 영국 사회에 오랫동안 내재된 다양한 분야에서 분열은 서로 복잡하게 얽혀있으며, 국민투표를 통한 브렉시트 결정은 영국 사회의 분열을 더욱 고착화시키는 결과를 초래하였다. 결국 이러한 영국사회의 분열은 상대에 대한 증오로 확대되고 있다는 점에서 분열을 봉합하고 국민 통합을 위한 정책 수립이 필요하다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2020S1A5A2A01047871).

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