• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 1999

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test could be applied well in clinic of men, horses or dogs. But the ESR test was not applied to clinic ruminants except for buffaloes since it was too low measure. To overcome this problem angled tube method was developed. This method was found to be useful for making diagnosis and prognosis. The results were summarized as follows. 1. In the early pregnancy condition, corrected ESR did not changed when compared with normal valures. 2. In the middle pregnancy condition, corrected ESR was increased when compeared with normal valures. 3. In the latter pregnancy condition, corrected ESR was increased when compeared with normal valures. 4. After parturition condition, corrected ESR did not changed when compeared with normal valures.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2010

DC link electrolytic capacitors are widely used in various PWM power converter system, such as adjustable speed driver(ASD) or DC/DC converter. Electrolytic capacitors, which is the most of the time affected by aging effect, plays a very important role for the power electronics system quality and reliability. This objective of this paper is to propose a improvement method to detect the rise of equivalent series resistor(ESR) in order to realize the online failure prediction of electrolytic capacitor for DC link of PWM power converter. The ESR detection scheme is based on the determination of the electrolytic capacitor AC losses calculated from voltage/current measurement using AC coupling. Therefore, the preposed online failure prediction method has the merits of easy ESR computation and circuit simplicity compare with BPF method. Simulation results show the veridity of the proposed on-line ESR estimation method.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.147-150
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• 2010

Background: Chronic low back pain can be a manifestation of lumbar degenerative disease, herniation of intervertebral discs, arthritis, or lumbar stenosis. When nerve roots are compromised, low back pain, with or without lower extremity involvement, may occur. Local inflammatory processes play an important role in patients with acute lumbosciatic pain. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) measurements in patients with chronic low back pain or radiculopathy. Methods: ESR and hsCRP were measured in 273 blood samples from male and female subjects with low back pain and/or radiculopathy due to herniated lumbar disc, spinal stenosis, facet syndrome, and other diseases. The hsCRP and ESR were measured prior to lumbar epidural steroid injection. Results: The mean ESR was 18.8 mm/h and mean hsCRP was 1.1 mg/L. ESR had a correlation with age. Conclusions: A significant systemic inflammatory reaction did not appear to arise in patients with chronic low back pain.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2022

The differentiation and development of preadipocyte into mature adipocyte are regulated by transcription factors, such as CCAAT enhancer binding protein (Cebp) gene family and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (Srebp1). Steroid hormones give influences on the development and function of adipocyte. The present research examined expression patterns of CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (Cebpa), CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (Cebpb), CCAAT enhancer binding protein gamma (Cebpg), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (Srebp1), androgen receptor (Ar), and estrogen receptors (Esr) among different epididymal fat parts during postnatal period by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In the distal epididymal fat, expression of Cebpa, Cebpb, Cebpg, Srebp1, Ar, and Esr2 was increased until 12 months of age, while expression of Esr1 was decreased at 5 months of age and was not detectable after 8 months of age. In the proximal epididymal fat, transcript levels of Cebps and Srebp1 were increased at 8 months of age, followed by decreases of Cebpb and Cebpg transcript levels at 12 months of age. An additional increase of Srebp1 expression was observed at 12 months of age. Expression of Ar and Esr2 were increased until 8 months of age, followed by a drop of Ar expression level at 12 months of age. Expression pattern of Esr1 was similar to that in the distal epididymal fat. In the tail epididymal fat, expression of Cebpa, Cebpg, Srebp1, Ar, and Esr2 was increased with age. Esr1 was not detectable at all. The highest level of Cebpb was observed at 8 months of age. These data suggest the possibility of developmental and functional differentiation among the epididymal fat parts.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2001

ZSM-5 gallosilicate molecular sieves was synthesized and cupric ion was ion-exchanged into the gallosilicate. The locations of Cu(ll) species in the framework and their interactions with various adsorbates were characterized by combined electron spin resonance(ESR) and electron spin echo modulation(ESEM) methods. It was found that in a fresh hydrated material, Cu(II) is octahedrally coordinated to six water molecules. This species is located in the channel intersections of two sinusoidal channels and rotates rapidly at room temperature. Evacuation removes some of these water molecules, leaving the Cu(II) coordinated to less water molecules and anchored to of oxygens in the channel wall. Dehydration produces two Cu(II) species, both of which are located in sites inaccessible to oxygen as evidenced by non-broadening of its ESR lines by oxygen. Adsorption of adsorbate molecules such as water, alcohols, ammonia, acetonitrile and ethylene on dehydrated CuNaH-ZSM-5 gallosilicate materials causes changes in the ESR spectrum of Cu(II), indicating the migration of Cu(II) into main channels to form complexes with these adsorbates there. Cu(II) forms a complex with two molecules of methanol, ethanol and propanol, respectively as evidenced by ESR parameters and ESEM data. Cu(II) also forms a square planar complex with four molecules of ammonia, based on the resolved nitrogen superhyperfine interactions and their ESEM parameters. Cu(II) forms a complex with two molecules of acetonitrile based on the ESR parameters and ESEM data. Interestingly, however, only part of Cu(II) interacts indirectly with one molecule of nonpolar ethylene based on ESR and ESEM analyses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.56-56
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• 1999

수소화된 비정질 탄소(a-C:H0는 그 형성 조건에 따라서 여러 가지 다른 구조와 특성을 갖게 되며, 특히 DLC(diamond-like carbon)-FED(field emission display) 개발 면에서 중요하게 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 a-C:H 박막을 PECVD(plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition) 방법으로 증착하고 주고 ESR 및 Raman 측정을 통하여 그 결과를 조사해 보았다. PECVD 증착가스는 CH4 가스를 사용하였다. 기판은 Corning 1737 glass를 사용하였고, 기판 온도는 32$0^{\circ}C$이었다. 증착 압력과 R>F. power는 각각 0.1-1 Torr 와 12-36 W 사이에서 변화되었다. ESR를 피하기 위하여, microwave power에 대한 ESR 신호 의존성을 측정하고 포화효과를 피하기 위한 Raman spectroscopy로 분석하였다. R.F.power가 증가할수록 증착속도는 0.06 nm/sec 정도까지 대체로 증가하였으나, pressure가 1 Torr 일때는 같은 R.F. power로써 증착이 일어나지 않는 경우도 발생하였다. 증착된 a-C:H 박막은 R.F.power가 증가할수록 스핀밀도의 증가가 두드러졌으며, 기타 증착가스 압력 등의 증착 조건에 따른 ESR 및 Raman 스펙트럼의 변화를 관찰하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.404-412
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• 1990

The time resolved electron spin resonance spectroscopy are used to two measurement methods of chemically induced dynamic electron polarization (CIDEP) and absorption ESR. The spectra of the semiquinone radical anion were successively detected in the laser flash photolysis of anthraquinone in the mixtures of 2-propanol and triethylamine. The semiquinone radical anion was fairly stable and its cw ESR could be observed. The rate constant (T1$^{-1}$) of the spin-depolarization of polarized semiquinone radical anion was 2.6 ${\times}\;1-^5$ sec$^{-1}$ and the decay of the radical anion was the first order with the rate constant (K$_1}$) of 300.0 sec$^{-1}$. The intensity of CIDEP spectra increased with the increasing the microwave power, but the Torrey wiggles appeared following with decay curves.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.187-192
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• 1988

Each of twenty blood samples taken from apparently healthy Korean cows was used to produce five different mixtures of autologous plasma and blood corpuscles such that their values of packed cell volume(PCV) lay between 10 to 50ml/100ml. The measurement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) using 45 degree-angled Wintrobe hematocrit tube, 3mm bore, ($45^{\circ}$-Wintrobe-ESR) was practiced for the blood of various levels of PCV under the ambient temperature of $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. Correlation of the ESR to the ambient temperature showed linear regression each in five levels of PCV. The ESR increased with ascending ambient temperature, and magnitude of the increase of the ESR became greater as the level of PCV lowered. Correlation of the ESR to PCV showed curvilinear regression each in three levels of the ambient temperature, and the ESR was increased with decreasing PCV. The data were statistically analysed and a list of relative anticipated $45^{\circ}$-Wintrobe-ESR values for PCV and ambient temperature was presented.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.127-135
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• 2020

Small RNAs (sRNAs) are widespread and play major roles in regulation circuits in bacteria. Previously, we have demonstrated that transcription of esrE is under the control of its own promoter. However, the regulatory elements involved in EsrE sRNA expression are still unknown. In this study, we found that different cis-regulatory elements exist in the promoter region of esrE. We then screened and analyzed seven potential corresponding trans-regulatory elements by using pull-down assays based on DNA affinity chromatography. Among these candidate regulators, we investigated the relationship between the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) and the EsrE sRNA. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and β-galactosidase activity assays demonstrated that Fur can bind to the promoter region of esrE, and positively regulate EsrE sRNA expression in the presence of Fe²⁺.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.411-418
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• 2015

In this paper, a new method for the online estimation of equivalent series resistances (ESR) of the DC-link capacitors in induction machine (IM) drive systems with a front-end diode rectifier is proposed, where the ESR estimation is conducted during the regenerative operating mode of the induction machine. In the first place, a regulated AC current component is injected into the q-axis current component of the induction machine, which induces the current and voltage ripple components in the DC-link. By processing these AC signals through digital filters, the ESR can be estimated by a recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm. To acquire the AC voltage across the ESR, the DC-link voltage needs to be measured at a double sampling frequency. In addition, the ESR current is simply reconstructed from the stator currents and switching states of the inverter. Experimental results have shown that the estimation error of the ESR is about 1.2%, which is quite acceptable for condition monitoring of the capacitor.