• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.992-999
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• 1998

Background: To correlate the emphysema score for quantification of the overall extent of emphysema in both lungs by CT with physiologic fingings and to get more objective and simple method to assess the extent of emphysema. Method: Thin-section CT and pulmonary function test(PFT) were performed in 17 patients with emphysema (all males, mean age, 62 years). Emphysema score was obtained as percentage of emphysematous lung area, dividing the total area of the emphysema(voxels with attenuation value less than -880, -900, -920HU, respectively) by the overall area of both lungs(voxels with attenuation value less than -400HU) with highlighting voxels using "Density mask" program. Emphysema score was calculated from whole lung(ESV) and 5 representative scans(ESR) using "Density mask", Visual emphysema score(ESV) was obtained by visual assessment from 5 representative scans. Correlation of these emphysema scores(ESW, ESR, ESV) and physiologic findings were performed, comparing the ESW with ESR and ESV. Results: ESW had correlation with DLCO(r=0.53-0.64) and $FEV_1/FVC$(r=0.42-0.57) among PFT parameters. ESR had good correlation with ESW and with PFT parameters as well. ESV did not correlate with PFT parameters except DLCO. Conclusion: CT quantification of emphysema using "density mask" correlated well with physiologic findings. To assess the severity of emphysema, both ESW and ESR are more reliable than ESV, and ESR is recommended in routine practice as it is objective, simple and reliable.

• 대한방사선방어학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.74-75
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• 2009

• 대한방사선방어학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.226-227
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• 2011

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.485-488
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• 1999

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 1986

Cu(II) binding mechanisms with water soluble organic fractions (WSOF) extracted from an agricultural soil (W), a soil treated with sludge for 6 years ($WS_6$), a sludge-soil mixture incubated for one week ($WS_1$), and sewage sludge (SS) were studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and potentiometric titrations. Cu(II)-WSOF complexes produced $g_{11}$ values which were larger than $g_{\perp}$ values, indicating that the coordination of Cu(II) complex was an elongated octahedron. At liquid $N_2$ temperature (77K), the Cu(II)-W complex showed an anisotropic ESR spectrum while the Cu(II)-SS complex showed an isotropic spectrum. These spectral results suggest that the oxygen donor ligands of W may form relatively strong bonds with $Cu^{2+}$ due to extensive chelation while ligands of SS may form little or no chelate bonds with $Cu^{2+}$. The ESR spectra of Cu(II)-SS complex also suggest that each of four in-plane ligands (e.g., $COO^-$, $H_2O$, $Cl^-$, etc.) may act independently as monodentate ligands. Oxygen donor ligands such as aromatic carboxyl groups were probably the major Cu(II) binding sites in W. Sulfonate, aliphatic carboxyl group, and N-containing ligands were probably the major binding sites in SS at pH 5. The Cu(II) complexation with N-containing groups increased as sludge was added to the soil. Much higher (6x) pyridine concentrations were required to displace W from Cu(II)-W complex as compared to the Cu(II)-SS complex.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.532-539
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• 2012

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy of gamma-irradiated fresh broccoli and kimchi cabbage was conducted to identify their irradiation history. Different pretreatments, such as freeze-drying (FD), oven-drying (OD), alcoholic-drying (ALD), and water-washing and alcoholic-drying (WAD) were used to lower the moisture contents of the samples prior to ESR analysis. The non-irradiated samples exhibited a single central signal ($g_0$=2.0007) with clear effect of $Mn^{2+}$, especially in kimchi cabbage. Upon irradiation, there was an increase in the intensity of the central signal, and two side peaks, mutually spaced at 6 mT, were also observed. These side peaks with $g_1$ (left)=2.023 and $g_2$ (right)=1.985 were attributed to radiation-induced cellulose radicals. Leaf and stem in broccoli, and root and stem in kimchi cabbage provided good ESR signal responses upon irradiation. The signal noise was reduced in case of ALD and WAD pretreatments, particularly due to $Mn^{2+}$ signals. The ALD treatment was found most feasible to detect the improved ESR spectra in the irradiated samples.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.385-391
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• 2009

Analytical electron spin resonance (ESR) parameters were investigated in irradiated seasonings after exposure to different radiation sources. Two commercial seasonings (SS-1 and SS-2) were irradiated with 0.20 kGy under ambient conditions using a $^{60}Co$ gamma-ray irradiator or an electron beam accelerator. Crystalline sugar-induced multi-component signals with g-values of 2.031, 2.021, 2.017, 2.009, 2.002, 1.990, and 1.980 were observed in both irradiated samples, whereas singlet signals were detected in non-irradiated materials, thereby distinguishing irradiated from control samples. Under the same analytical conditions, the ESR signal intensity of electron beam-irradiated samples was greater than that of gamma-irradiated materials. Determination coefficients (R2 values) between irradiation doses and corresponding ESR responses were 0.9916-0.9973 for all samples, and the magnetic field of specified g-values for irradiated samples remained constant. The predominant ESR signals of g2 (2.021), g4 (2.009), g5 (2.002), and g6 (1.990) showed high correlations with the corresponding irradiation doses (R2=0.8243 - 0.9929).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.633-643
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• 1989

The R$Rh_2(ap)_4$(2,2-trans) isomer (ap = 2-anilinopyridinate), which has two anilino nitrogens and two pyridyl nitrogens bound to each rhodium ion trans to their own kind, shows activation towards the one electron reduction of dioxygen at -0.40 V vs SCE. The ESR spectrum taken at 123 K proves the formation of a $[Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)]$ ion with oxygen axially bound to one rhodium ion and the complex is at a RhⅡ2 oxidation state. The complex will form [$Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)(CH_3CN)]^-$ in presence of $CH_3CN/CH_2Cl_2$ mixture without breaking the Rh-$O_2^-$ bond. When oxidized at -0.25 and 0.55 V, $[Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)]$ will undergo two one electron oxidations to form $Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)[Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)]^+$. Both species have an axially bound superoxide ion but the former is at $Rh^{II}Rh^{III }$and the later at $Rh^{III}_2$ oxidation states. The ESR spetra and $CH_3CN$ addition study, on the other hand, show that the later complex is better described as $[Rh_{II}Rh^{III}(ap)_4(O_2)]^+$ with the odd electron localized on rhodium ion and the complex has an axially coordinated molecular oxygen. The electrochemical and ESR studies also show that the degree of dioxygen activation is a function of electrochemical redox potential.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.19-31
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• 2015

Objectives: Correlations of the levels of the nonspecific inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and of the coagulation marker fibrinogen with the treatment period of wheel balanced cancer therapy were determined. Methods: Electronic charts of stage IV cancer patients hospitalized from February 1, 2008, to November 30, 2013, were reviewed retrospectively. Patients whose laboratory follow-up tests included at least two data points for at least one marker were included. Patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy or having Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) levels exceeding 2 were excluded. Correlations of the markers with the length of treatment for treatment periods ${\geq}21$ and ${\leq}20$ days were determined by gender and whether or not surgery had been performed. Results: Analyses of the CRP and the ESR revealed a higher proportion of patients with stable marker levels than with increased or decreased levels. Also, only the ESR in female and the CRP in male groups had higher proportions of patients with stable marker levels than with increased or decreased levels. The ${\geq}21$ day group had a higher proportion of patients with stable CRP and ESR levels than the ${\leq}20$ days group. Only the ESR in female and the CRP in male groups had higher proportions of patients with stable marker levels in the ${\geq}21$ day than in the ${\leq}20$ day group. In addition, only the CRP in the surgery group and the ESR in the non-surgery group had higher proportions of patients with stable marker levels in the ${\geq}21$ day group than in the ${\leq}20$ day group. Conclusion: For stage IV cancer patients at hospitals that offer Korean medicine, more than 21 days of long-term wheel balanced cancer therapy (WBCT) should help maintain the CRP and the ESR levels and should have a favorable effect on the survival rate.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.367-375
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• 1981

Single crystals of Potassium Sulfate ($K_2SO_4$) have been grown from the saturated solution by the evaporation method at the optimum conditions. Radiation damages in the crystal by ${\gamma}$-irradiation of about $12{\times}10^6$ Roentgen have given rise to paramagnetic centers or paramagnetic defects. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of the centers are obtained with the X-band EPR spectrometer at room temperature. The ESR peaks of the paramagnetic species are found to be anisotropic but the peak of $SO_3-$ radical is an isotropic of Gaussian shape at g = 2.0036. A number of ESR spectra of the crystal for angular variation of the anisotropic peaks are recorded at various orientations of rotation about a, b and c crystallographic axes respectively. The g-values are calculated from the line position between anisotropic peaks and the isotropic one and then principal g-values and its direction cosines of the species are obtained by diagonalization of 9 matrix elements of the corresponding g-values. All the paramagnetic defects are identified by the characteristic principal g-values and its direction cosines.