• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.218-223
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• 1992

1991년 7월 부터 1992년 9월까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 정형외과에서 인공고관절치 환술받은 46명의 환자에서 수술전후에 측정한 ESR과 CRP의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 수술전 ESR 평균치는 28.8mm/hour이었고, 수술후 1, 2, 3주에는 각각 69.9mm/hour, 57.7 mm/hour, 41.4mm/hour로 점점 감소하는 경향을 보였으나, 정상치보다는 높게 나타났다. 2. 수술전 CRP는 3례를 제외하고 모두 정상치를 보였고, 수술후에는 곧 상승하여 수술후 1주, 2주, 3주의 평균치는 각각 5.82mg/dL, 1.45mg/dL, 0.74mg/dL였다. 수술 3주후에는 2례를 제외하고 모두 정상으로 돌아왔다. 3. 골시멘트와 수혈여부는 수술후 ESR, CRP치의 변화에 유의한 차이를 주지 않았다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2000

ESR spectroscopy를 이용하여 게류의 방사선 조사 유무와 선량관계 및 EAR신호의 안정성에 관하여 알아보았다. 꽃게와 방게를 0, 1, 3, 5, 그리고 7 kGy로 방사선을 조사한 후 살을 제거하고 집게다리, 등 일반다리의 겉 표피만을 취해 건조시킨 다음, Burker Win-EPR spectroscopy를 이용하여 신호의 특성을 알아보았다. 방사선 조사된 꽃게와 방게 시료는 g$_1$=2.002$\pm$0.0003, g$_2$=1.998$\pm$0.0005에서 특유의 비대칭 신호를 나타내어 비조사 시료와 뚜렷하게 구별되었으며, 각 시료의 부위별 비교는 꽃게와 방게에서는 똑같이 집게다리>등>일반다리의 순으로 신호의 차이가 나타났다. 조사선량의 증가에 따른 ESR 신호의 높이는 직선적으로 증가하였다. 또한 이들 신호의 크기는 5$^{\circ}C$에서 9주간의 저장기간에서도 안전하여 방사선 조사 유무의 판별은 장기간의 저장에서도 가능하였다 따라서 ESR spectroscopy를 이용한 방사선 조사 게류의 검지법은 빠르고 확실하며 준정량적인 방법임을 알 수 있었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.346-350
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• 2010

Purpose: Diagnosis of diabetic foot infection is sometimes difficult, since the classical inflammatory signs and leukocytosis may be absent due to the decreased host immune response in diabetics. Therefore inflammatory blood markers, such as white blood cell (WBC) count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been commonly needed to confirm the diagnosis of infection. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of WBC, ESR and CRP for detection of diabetic foot infection. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were taken from 113 patients with diabetic foot ulcers admitted from June 2007 to April 2009. Diabetic foot infection was diagnosed according to the microbiological culture from soft tissue and bone specimens. Reference values of tests were 4500-11000 /${\mu}L$ for WBC count, 0-20 mm/hr for ESR, and 0-5 mg/L for $CRP^{13,14}$. Sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values of laboratory tests were calculated and analysed. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve was also created. Results: There was a significant difference in WBC, ESR, and CRP between infectious group and noninfectious group (p<0.05). The sensitivity of WBC>11,000 /${\mu}L$ ESR > 20 mm/hr, and CRP > 5 mg/L was 30%, 96%, and 84%. The specificity was 86%, 14%, and 50% for WBC, ESR, and CRP, respectively. Positive predictive value was 88%, 78%, and 84%, and negative predictive value was 28%, 50%, and 50% respectively. The areas under the ROC curve for WBC, ESR and CRP were 0.72, 0.75, and 0.78 respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we conclude that CRP is more useful method in predicting and diagnosing infection than WBC, ESR in diabetic foot ulcer patients.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2001

ZSM-5 gallosilicate molecular sieves was synthesized and cupric ion was ion-exchanged into the gallosilicate. The locations of Cu(ll) species in the framework and their interactions with various adsorbates were characterized by combined electron spin resonance(ESR) and electron spin echo modulation(ESEM) methods. It was found that in a fresh hydrated material, Cu(II) is octahedrally coordinated to six water molecules. This species is located in the channel intersections of two sinusoidal channels and rotates rapidly at room temperature. Evacuation removes some of these water molecules, leaving the Cu(II) coordinated to less water molecules and anchored to of oxygens in the channel wall. Dehydration produces two Cu(II) species, both of which are located in sites inaccessible to oxygen as evidenced by non-broadening of its ESR lines by oxygen. Adsorption of adsorbate molecules such as water, alcohols, ammonia, acetonitrile and ethylene on dehydrated CuNaH-ZSM-5 gallosilicate materials causes changes in the ESR spectrum of Cu(II), indicating the migration of Cu(II) into main channels to form complexes with these adsorbates there. Cu(II) forms a complex with two molecules of methanol, ethanol and propanol, respectively as evidenced by ESR parameters and ESEM data. Cu(II) also forms a square planar complex with four molecules of ammonia, based on the resolved nitrogen superhyperfine interactions and their ESEM parameters. Cu(II) forms a complex with two molecules of acetonitrile based on the ESR parameters and ESEM data. Interestingly, however, only part of Cu(II) interacts indirectly with one molecule of nonpolar ethylene based on ESR and ESEM analyses.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.371-375
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• 2009

ESR spectroscopy에 의한 방사선 조사 건조향신료의 조사여부의 정확한 판별에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 방사선 조사 유래의 cellulose radical에 대한 parameter를 분석하였다. 건조향신료 분말 4종(고추, 마늘, 양파, 후추)에 대하여 0, 1, 5, 10 kGy의 $^{60}Co$ 감마선을 조사한 후 ESR signal을 분석하였다. 방사선 조사된 4종의 건조향신료는 모두 방사선 조사 유래의 triplet signal인 cellulose radical을 나타내면서 center signal($g_2=2.00673$)은 좌우 3.0455 mT 간격의 특이적인 signal을 보였다. 조사시료에서 나타난 hyperfine triplet signal(cellulose radical)의 g-value, center field 및 저-고자장 signal의 간격은 조사선량이 변화하여도 일정하였으므로 이들 parameter들은 cellulose radical의 고유 특성임을 확인 하였다. 이로써 감마선 조사시료와 비조사 시료 간의 구별이 분명하였다. ESR signal intensity는 조사선량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다($R^2=0.8452{\sim}0.9854$). 이상의 결과에서 cellulose radical의 parameter 분석은 건조향신료의 ESR 분석에서 조사여부의 판별에 대한 신뢰성을 뒷받침 해 주었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2006

알로에 베라(Aloe barbadensis Miller)분말에 대한 방사선 조사 여부를 확인하기 위해 1, 3, 5, 7 kGy로 감마선 조사를 실시하여 PSL, TL 및 ESR 분석을 실시하였다. PSL의 경우 비조사 시료에서는 700이하의 photon count를 나타내었으며, 1 kGy이상 조사된 시료에서는 5000이상의 photon count를 나타내어 PSL을 통한 조사된 알로에 분말의 검지가 가능할 것으로 사료된다. TL분석 결과에서는 1 kGy이상 조사된 시료의 미네랄에서 $150^{\circ}C$ 전후에 TL glow curve $(TL_1)$를 확인할 수 있었고, 조사선량이 증가함에 따라 $TL_1$ 및 TL ratio $(TL_1/TL_2)$모두 증가 경향을 나타내었다. 한편 전자스핀공명 (ESR)분석 결과에서는 triplet형태의 ESR signal은 확인 할 수 없었으나, 조사전량이 증가함에 따라 signal의 크기가 증가하였다. 본 연구결과 PSL, TL 및 ESR분석으로 알로에 베라 분말의 조사여부를 확인할 수 있었으며 특히, IL분석으로는 조사선량의 정량적 예측이 가능할 것으로 사료되었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2008

연구배경: ARDS는 다양한 원인으로 초래되는 급성 염증성 폐 질환으로서 인공호흡기 치료 등의 여러 의학적 발전에도 불구하고 사망률이 40~60%로 예후가 좋지 않다. 이러한 환자들의 예후를 예측하는 방법으로 APACHE, SPAPS, MAM 등 방법이 있지만 간편하지가 않아서, ARDS가 염증성 폐질환이란 점에 착안하여서 염증 지표로 흔히 사용하는 ESR, CRP의 ARDS 환자에서 예후 인자로서의 역할을 평가해 보고자 하였다. 방 법: 87명의 ARDS 환자들의 중환자실 입원 당시의 ESR, CRP 결과와 APACHE II score 그리고 추적 검사한 결과를 확인하였다. 또한 대상 환자를 생존한 군과 사망한 군으로 나누어서 생존한 환자군에서 총 입원기간, 중환자실 입원기간, 인공 호흡기 치료 기간과 ESR, CRP, APACHE II score들과의 상관관계 및 ESR, CRP의 변화추이와 사망률과의 상관 관계에 대해서 연구하였다. 결 과: 중환자실 입원 당시의 ESR, CRP로는 ARDS 환자의 사망률을 예측하기가 어렸다. 하지만 CRP는 ARDS로 중환자실 치료 후 생존했던 환자군에서 사망했던 환자군에 비해서 치료 초기에 유의하게 감소하였으며, 중환자실 입원 당시 ESR이 높을수록 ARDS 환자들의 총 입원 기간 및 중환자실 입원기간이 길었다. 결 론: CRP의 초기 변화 및 중환자실 입원 당시의 ESR은 ARDS 환자의 예후를 예측하는데 도움이 될 수 있다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2012

Bone mineral density (BMD) is used in the clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis and the assessment of fracture risk. Osteoporosis, characterized mainly by decreased BMD, is a highly heritable complex disorder and a major public health concern to hundreds of millions of elderly persons worldwide. However, the specific genetic variants determining risk for low bone density are still largely unknown. Here, we performed association analysis to elucidate the possible relations of genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 gene with low bone density. By examining genotype data of a total of 1813 women in the Korean Association REsource (KARE) study, we discovered the ESR1 gene polymorphisms are associated with decreased BMD and osteoporosis. The results on the BD-RT (bone density estimated by T-score at distal radius), three SNPs (rs2248586, rs9371557, and rs1569788) within the ESR1 gene were significantly associated with bone density. The results on the BD-TT (bone density estimated by T-score at midshaft tibia), five SNPs (rs9371552, rs2248586, rs712221, rs7772475, and rs3798577) were significantly associated with bone density. The SNP rs2248586 within the ESR1 gene had commonly significance in both BD-RT (${\beta}$=-0.151, dominant P=0.049) and BD-TT (${\beta}$=-0.156, dominant P=0.039). In the SNP rs2248586, their ${\beta}$-values in BD-RT and/or BD-TT showed consistent trends with the odds ratios (ORs) of osteoporosis. In summary, we found statistically significant SNPs in ESR1 gene that are associated with both decreased BMD and osteoporosis traits. Therefore, our findings suggest ESR1 gene could be related to pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.320-324
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• 2008

We investigated the effect of ESR gene-based selection on an improvement of litter size in the herds in real (non-experimental) conditions. The pigs were selected for three years. In the tested population the pigs were mated according to a breeding scheme where the individuals with at least one ESR-B allele were preferred in the selection. In the control group (CP; n = 140) the pigs were mated just according to a breeding scheme without knowledge of the ESR genotype. We observed a significant increase in litter size (total number of born, number of born alive and number of weaned piglets per litter) in the final tested ESR-selected population (LP; n = 184) and an insignificant increase in CP as compared with the original population (OP; n = 155). After the selection we could observe a significant increase in the frequency of allele B in LP. Frequency of the genotypes AB and BB increased in both LP and CP; the distribution of the genotypes changed significantly only in LP. An association analysis of the ESR gene effects on reproductive traits in LP showed no significant differences between the genotypes. The results of our study suggest that ESR gene-based selection can be successful also in small herds, under real (non-experimental) conditions with a respect for general breeding principles and limitations and during a short period. An examination of a larger sample population as well as an analysis of selection consequences on other traits (meat and carcass quality) could bring a more conclusive evaluation of ESR-based selection. Nevertheless, the results are encouraging especially for small breeding farms taking a perspective of better litter size improvement.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2020

Purpose: This study considers the variables related to self-leadership of Korean nursing students and verifies the results of precedent studies through meta-analysis. Methods: This study selected a total of 48 precedent studies regarding the investigation of the correlation between variables related to self-leadership of nursing students conducted between 2009 and 2019 and carried out a meta-analysis. Results: For the effect size of variables related to self-leadership of nursing students, individual characteristics had a medium effect size (ESr=.49) and the effect size was larger for meta-cognition (ESr=.65), emotional intelligence (ESr=.58), and self-efficacy (ESr=.54). The characteristics of nursing competency (ESr=.45) also had a medium effect size and the effect size was larger for professional self-concept (ESr=.60), social support (ESr=.58), and critical thinking (ESr=.56). This result shows that individual characteristics were highly correlated with self-leadership compared to the characteristics of nursing competency. Conclusion: This study is significant in that it verified the effect of variables related to self-leadership and presented the direction and preliminary data for a follow-up study. It is necessary to include variables considering individual characteristics in the development of an educational program for improving self-leadership in the future.