• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.2
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• pp.129-147
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• 2000

In dieser vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich urn die Verbstellung deutscher $S\"{a}tze$. Deutsche Satze lassen sich in 3 Klassen (V1-, V2-, und VE-Struktur nach der Verbstellung einteilen. Im Rahmen der GB-Theorie gibt es jedoch nur einen Platz, an dem eine Konjunktion auftreten kann. Deshalb muss man $f\"{u}r$ zusammengesetzte Konjunktionen einen Analysenbaum aufstellen, auf dem ihre einzelnen Bestandteile die C-Position einnehmen: Diese Struktur zeigt eine gute Grundlage, auf der man den 'als-ware'-Satz $f\"{u}r$ die V1-Struktur halten kann. Einerseits leitet die subordinierende Konjunktion '$au{\ss}er$' auch eine V2-Struktur, weil wir nur mit dem minimalen CP zur Verbstellung zu rechnen brauchen; Es gibt keinen Ausweg, $au{\ss}er$ wir bitten ihn um Hilfe. Andererseits ist der Satz in der V1-Form, den die koordinierende Konjunktion 'noch' mit einen anderen Satz verbindet; Sie brauchte weder Hilfe, noch bat sie um Rat. Das beruht auf der Tatsache, dass die koordinierende Konjunktion 'noch' nicht im $CP_1$-Bereich liegt.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11c
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• pp.446-449
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 태풍의 진로와 세기를 ES_BLRNN을 이용해 예측하였다. 기존의 방법인 수치모델이나. CLIPER모델을 사용함에 있어서, 통계적 방법인 CLIPER모델은 예측성능면에서 수치모델보다 그 성능이 떨어지고, 반면에 수치모델의 성능은 CLIPER 모델에 비해 우수하나 슈퍼컴퓨터(Cray-2S, FUSITSU)를 이용하여야만 예보가 가능한 제약점을 가지고 있다. 또한 수치모델을 슈퍼컴퓨터로 계산할 경우 약 30분 정도가 소요되는 점을 감안할 때, ES_BLRNN은 이들의 단점을 보안할 수 있는 하나의 방편이라 생각된다. 게다가 ES_BLRNN의 경우 개인용 컴퓨터로도 충분히 사용 가능할 만큼 비용이 저렴하고, 681개의 태풍을 학습할 때 결리는 시간은 약 5분 정도이며, 146개의 태풍을 예측하는데 걸리는 시간은 약 3초 정도(Pentium MMX 200 Processor, RAM 64m, OS: RedHat LINUX 5.2. language ; ANSI-C)로써, 슈퍼컴퓨터나 CLIPER모델에 비해 훨씬 빠르게 결과를 볼 수 있다.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.1073-1097
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• 2022

In this paper, we shall be concerned with evaluation of multifractal Hausdorff measure 𝓗^q,t_𝜇 and multifractal packing measure 𝓟^q,t_𝜇 of Cartesian product sets by means of the measure of their components. This is done by investigating the density result introduced in [34]. As a consequence, we get the inequalities related to the multifractal dimension functions, proved in [35], by using a unified method for all the inequalities. Finally, we discuss the extension of our approach to studying the multifractal Hewitt-Stromberg measures of Cartesian product sets.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.87-93
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• 2008

The game engine has executed an application after making a mobile 3D game engine which is based on mobile 3D standard graphic API using openGL-ES so far. But, We could not do it satisfactorily that contents compatibility of various types as a various low-level's function is supported. At this point, This study introduce a mobile 3D game engine which is based on mobile 3D standard graphic API using JSR-184 that supporting a high-level's API more than openGL-ES and optimizing to Java environment on J2ME in the center of GSM phone. Also, We shows that the proposed skinned-mesh scheme for enhancing the process speed of a 3D object on JSR-184 engine. The experimental results are shown.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.235-245
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• 2009

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have a capability to generate all types of cells. However, the mechanism by which ES cells differentiate into specific cell is still unclear. Using microarray technology, the differentiation process in mouse embryonic stem cells was characterized by temporal gene expression changes of mouse ES cells during differentiation in a monolayer culture. A large number of genes were differentially regulated from 1 day to 14 days, and less number of genes were differentially expressed from 14 days to 28 days. The number of up-regulated genes was linearly increased throughout the 28 days of in vitro differentiation, while the number of down-regulated genes reached the plateau from 14 days to 28 days. Most differentially expressed genes were functionally classified into transcriptional regulation, development, extra cellular matrix (ECM),cytoskeleton organization, cytokines, receptors, RNA processing, DNA replication, chromatin assembly, proliferation and apoptosis related genes. While genes encoding ECM proteins were up-regulated, most of the genes related to proliferation, chromatin assembly, DNA replication, RNA processing, and cytoskeleton organization were down-regulated at 14 days. Genes known to be associated with embryo development or transcriptional regulation were differentially expressed mostly after 14 days of differentiation. These results indicate that the altered expression of ECM genes constitute an early event during the spontaneous differentiation, followed by the inhibition of proliferation and lineage specification. Our study might identify useful time-points for applying selective treatments for directed differentiation of mouse ES cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1641-1646
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to generate transgenic mice expressing human resistin gene by using the tetraploidembryonic stem (ES) cell complementation method. Human resistin gene was amplified from human fetal liver cDNA library by PCR, cloned into $pCR^{(R)}$ 2.1 $TOPO^{(R)}$ vector and constructed in pCMV-Tag4C vector. Mammalian expression plasmid containing human resistin was transfected into D3-GL ES cells by Lipofectamine 2,000, and then after 10-12 days of transfection, the human resistin-expressing cells were selected with G418. In order to produce tetraploid embryos, blastomeres of diploid embryos at the two-cell stage were fused with two times of electric pulse using 60 V 30 $\mu$sec (fusion rate: 2,114/2,256, 93.5%) and cultured up to the blastocyst stage (development rate: 1,862/2,114, 94.6%). The selected 15-20 ES cells were injected into tetraploid blastocysts, and then transferred into the uteri of E 2.5 d pseudopregnant recipient mice. To investigate the gestation progress, two E 19.5 mused fetuses were recovered by Cesarean section of which one fetus was confirmed to contain human resistin gene by genomic DNA-PCR. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that tetraploid-ES mouse technology can be considered as a useful tool to produce transgenic mice for the rapid analysis of gene function in vivo.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.90-98
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• 2018

Eggshell (ES) is a by-product of table eggs with high content of calcium carbonate which can be used as a calcium source in feed. In this study, we have first illuminated the potential application of ES as a novel carrier for probiotics. The carriers used in the study include a SBM (Soybean meal), ESL (Eggshell powder with large particles), ESF (Eggshell powder with fine particles), and the complex carriers (SBM+ESL, SBM+ESF). The structure of carriers absorbed by L. plantarum was confirmed by SEM image. Among these carriers, the complex carrier SBM+ESF showed the highest viability of L. plantarum with pH 7~8 during four weeks storage at room temperature. The SBM+ESF was further tested as a carrier for various probiotic strains at $4^{\circ}C$ or $30^{\circ}C$. All the probiotic strains showed high viability at $4^{\circ}C$ storage. However, a significant reduction of Lactobacillus cells was observed at $30^{\circ}C$ storage. B. lichenifomis maintained high viability whereas B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and S. cerevisiae showed the reduction of $2{\log}_{10}$ (CFU/g). These results suggest that if the ESF as a calcium source in feed was mixed with SBM, it can be used as an effective complex carrier for improving the viability of some probiotics including B. licheniformis.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.443-450
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• 2014

To determine Pb species in soils following the immobilization process, sequential extraction has been used despite the possibility of overestimating Pb species from unintended reactions during chemical extraction. Meanwhile, the application of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) has been shown to provide a more precise result than chemical extraction. In this study, the immobilization of Pb in contaminated soils treated with liming materials such as oyster shell (OS) or eggshell (ES) was evaluated with thermodynamic modelling and EXAFS analysis. Thermodynamic modelling by visual MINTEQ predicted the precipitation of $Pb(OH)_2$ in OS and ES treated soils. In particular, the values of saturation index (SI) for $Pb(OH)_2$ in OS (SI=0.286) and ES (SI=0.453) treated soils were greater than in the control soil (SI=0.281). Linear combination fitting (LCF) analysis confirmed the presence of $C_{12}H_{10}O_{14}Pb_3$ (lead citrate, 44.7%) by citric acid from plant root, Pb-gibbsite (Pb adsorbed gibbsite, 26.4%), and Pb-kaolinite (Pb adsorbed kaolinite, 20.3%) in the control soil. On the other hand, $Pb(OH)_2$ (16.8%), Pb-gibbsite (39.3%), and Pb-kaolinite (25.6%) were observed in the OS treated soil and $Pb(OH)_2$ (55.2%) and Pb-gibbsite (33.8%) were also confirmed in the ES treated soil. Our results indicate that the treatment with OS and ES immobilizes Pb by adsorption of Pb onto the soil minerals as a result of the increase in soil negative charge and the formation of stable $Pb(OH)_2$ under high pH condition of soils.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.243-247
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• 1994

최근 의약적으로 유용한 단백질을 대량 생산키 위한 실현 가능한 방법이 유전자변환 가축의 이용과 관련되어 발전되어 왔다. 이러한 유전자 변환동물은 이종의 단백질을 유즙속으로 분비시키는 생체반응기로서 이용되고 있다. 이러한 전략적 목적을 위해 현재 유전자 변환동물의 생산을 위한 이용에 있어 여러 가지 방법들이 보고되고 있다. 그러나 ES 세포의 사용이 이러한 방법들 사이에서 가장 실질적인 것으로 추정되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 유전자 구축을 위해 사람 황체 호르몬(human luteinizing hormone; hLH)의 전사를 유도하기 위해 각각 2.2 및 0.5 kb의 토끼 $\beta$-casein pronoter 단편을 이용하여 생쥐의 유선에 hLH를 발현시키도록 조절하고 발현이 thynidine kinase(TK) pronoter에 의해 좌우되는 neo 유전자를 selectable marker로서 plasnid속에 삽입하였다. 그 결과 생긴 구축 유전자는 각각 pCas 2.2와 pCas 0.5로 명명하였다. 구축된 유전자로 2$\times$107의 TT-2 ES세포를 170V, 550$\mu$F로 100$\mu$g의 선상 plasmid에 의해 electroporation 시켰다. 감염된 colony들은 250$\mu$g/$m\ell$ G418을 함유하는 ESM 배양액에서 선별 7일 이후에 회수하여 성공적으로 감염된 ES세포는 PCR 및 Southern blot에 의해 확인되었고 그들 중 나머지는 trypsin 처리 후 각각 미세조작과 공배양 기술을 사용하여 ICR 생쥐의 8세포기 수정란 속에 도입하였다. 결국 24시간 동안 37$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$에서 배양된 배반포를 chimera의 생산을 위해 위임신 유기된 G418 선발처리 이후 400 및 275개의 ES 세포 colony가 생존하였으며, 3개의 ES 세포으 colony 의 genome 속에 임의적으로 plamid가 삽입된 것을 Southern blot에 의해 확인되었다. 총 13 chimera 생쥐가 3 colony로부터 생산되었으나 germ-line chimera는 현재 조사중이다. chimera 생산빈도는 공배양 기술보다 주입방법에서 현저히 높았다.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.80-80
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• 2003

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms, accompanied by marked cell death in the striatum and cortex. Stereotaxic injection of quinolinic acid (QA) into striatum results in a degeneration of GABAergic neurons and exhibits abnormal motor behaviors typical of the illness. The objective of this study was carried out to obtain basic information about whether parthenogenetic mouse embryonic stem (PmES) cells are suitable for cell replacement therapy of HD. To establish PmES cell lines, hybrid F1 (C57BL/6xCBA/N) mouse oocytes were treated with 7% ethanol for 5 min and cytochalasin-B for 4 hr to initiate spontaneous cleavage. Thus established PmES cells were induced to differentiate using bFGF (20ng/ml) followed by selection of neuronal precursor cells for 8 days in N2 medium. After selection, cells were expanded at the presence of bFGF (20 ng/ml) for another 6 days, then a final differentiation step in N2 medium for 7 days. To establish recipient animal models of HD, young adult mice (7 weeks age ICR mice) were lesioned unilaterally with a stereotaxic injection of QA (60 nM) into the striatum and the rotational behavior of the animals was tested using apomorphine (0.1mg/kg, IP) 7 days after the induction of lesion. Animals rotating more than 120 turns per hour were selected and the differentiated PmES cells (1$\times$10$^4$cells/ul) were implanted into striatum. Four weeks after the graft, immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of cells reactive to anti-NeuN antibody. However, only a slight improvement of motor behavior was observed. By Nissl staining, cell mass resembling tumor was found at the graft site and near cortex which may explain the slight behavioral improvement. Detailed experiment on cell viability, differentiation and migration explanted in vivo is currently being studied.