• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.3 no.10
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• pp.451-456
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• 2014

The correlations between electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral power and emotional responses during affective sound clip listening are important parameters. Hemispheric asymmetry in prefrontal activation have been proposed in two decades ago, as measured by power value, is related to reactivity to affectively pleasure audio stimuli. In this study, we designed an emotional audio stimulus experiment in order to verify frontal EEG asymmetry by analyzing Event-related Spectral Perturbation (ERSP) results. Thirty healthy college male students volunteered the stimulus experiment with the standard IADS(International Affective Digital Sounds) clips. These affective sound clips are classified in three emotion states, high pleasure-high arousal (happy), middle pleasure-low arousal (neutral) and low pleasure-high arousal (fear). The analysis of the data was performed in both theta (4-8Hz) and alpha (8-13Hz) bands. ERSP maps in the alpha band revealed that there are the stronger power responses of high pleasure (happy) in the right frontal lobe, while the stronger power responses of middle-low pleasure (neutral and fear) in the left frontal lobe. Moreover, ERSP maps in the theta band revealed that there are the stronger power responses of high arousal (fear and happy) in the left pre-frontal lobe, while the stronger responses of low arousal (neutral) in the right pre-frontal lobe. However, the high pleasure emotions (happy) can elicit greater relative right EEG activity, while the low and middle pleasure emotions (fear and neutral) can elicit the greater relative left EEG activity. Additionally, the most differences of theta band have been found out in the medial frontal lobe, which is proved as the frontal midline theta. And there are the strongest responses of happy sounds in the alpha band around the whole frontal regions. These results are well suited for emotion recognition, and provide the evidences that theta and alpha powers may have the more important role in the emotion processing than previously believed.

• ICROS
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2008

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2010

Robotic software has been dramatically complicated as performing intelligent service tasks. These types of robots demand a very powerful software framework to make them easy. Robotic software framework means an integrated software environment that simplifies jobs of robotic software engineer by providing tools, reusable components, and runtime environments. Finally it reduces the project cost. There are lots of works related with them. Among them we focus on five frameworks that are MSRDS, ERSP, OROCOS, OpenRTM, and OPRoS. In terms of intelligent service robot, the study on robotic software frameworks is very important. And outlook on them is also very important in the sense of that the robotic software frameworks should be used to initiate service robot market.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.992-994
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• 2014

Hemispheric asymmetry in prefrontal activation have been proposed in two decades ago, as measured by electroencephalographic (EEG) power in the theta band (4-8Hz), is related to reactivity to affectively pleasure audio stimuli. In this study, we designed an emotional audio stimulus experiment in order to verify frontal EEG asymmetry by analyzing ERSP results. Thirty healthy college students volunteered the stimulus experiment with the standard IADS affective sounds. These affective sound clips are classified in three emotion states, happy, neutral and fear. ERSP image results revealed that there are the stronger responses of high arousal (fear and happy) in the left prefrontal lobe, while the stronger responses of low arousal (neutral) in the right pre-frontal lobe. However, the high pleasure emotions (happy) can elicit greater relative right EEG activity, while the low and middle pleasure emotions (fear and neutral) can elicit the greater relative left EEG activity. Additionally, the most response differences of theta band have been found out in the medial frontal lobe, which is proved as the frontal midline theta.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.122-127
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• 2009

In this paper, we measured EEG signals on frontal and Broca's area when subjects imagine to speak A or B or C or D. These signals were analyzed by Event-Related Spectral Perturbation (ERSP), Inter-Trial Coherence (ITC) and Event Related Potential (ERP) methods. As a result, high coherences were showed at 1$\sim$13Hz during 0$\sim$300ms after the stimuli of each character and P300 was seen clearly and there are several differences between the ERP results. However, unlike the motivation of this study to classify the characters, it is impossible that we can classify each intention or each character cause these differences. Nevertheless, this paper suggest an application system using this results so BCI can provide various services.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10c
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• pp.163-165
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• 2004

유비쿼터스 로봇은 최근에 소개된 새로운 형태의 네트워크 기반 로봇으로서 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경하에서 사용자에게 끊임없고 자연스러운 상황 기반의 서비스를 제공하는 소프트웨어 및 하드웨어 로봇을 통칭하는 말이다. 따라서 이와 같은 유비쿼터스 로봇 시스템은 사용자에게 서비스 제공을 위한 자율성(Autonomy), 편재성(Ubiquity), 상황 인지성(Context-awareness) 및 연속성(Seamlessness)의 요구사항을 만족해야 하며, 이를 위해 센서 네트워크, 정보가전 기기, 인터넷 점보 컨텐츠 등와 같은 다양한 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 자원을 기반으로 자율적인 서비스 구성 및 수행을 할 수 있는 기능을 제공해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 지능형 서비스 에이전트를 위한 차세대 웹 기술인 시엔틱 웹 서비스를 기반으로 유비쿼터스 로봇 시스템의 프레임워크를 설계하고 Evolution Robotics사의 ERSP 3.0 로봇 플랫폼을 기반으로 프로토타입 시스템을 구현한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.69-87
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• 2003

Background : LB20304(gemifloxacin) is a new fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent with excellent activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. In vitro studies using clinical isolates have shown gemifloxacin to be highly active against penicillin-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae and in contrast to other reference quinolones, gemifloxacin retained good activity against clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae that were resistant to other members of the quinolone class. Therefore, gemifloxacin is thought to be effective in treating acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis(AECB). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral gemifloxacin at doses of 160mg or 320mg once daily for 7 days for the treatment of AECB in Korean adult population. Methods : This was a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, parallel group Phase II study to assess the clinical and antibacterial efficacy and safety of oral gemifloxacin for the treatment of AECB. Treatment Group A (67 patients) took oral gemifloxacin 160mg once daily for seven days and treatment Group B (70 patients) took oral gemifloxacin 320mg once daily for seven days. Results : The demographic profiles of the two treatment groups were similar. The clinical response at follow-up was 84.2% in the gemifloxacin 160-mg group, and 88.7% in the gemifloxacin-320 mg group, showing no statistically significant difference between two treatment groups(p=0.49). The clinical response at the end of therapy was 96.5% in the 160-mg group, and 96.4% in the 320-mg group. The bacteriological response at the end of therapy and follow-up were 81.8% and 78.9%, respectively, in the 160-mg group, and 86.4% and 84.2%, respectively, in the 320-mg group, showing no statistically significant difference between two treatment groups(p=0.68 and 0.68, respectively). S. pneumoniae(12 isolates) and H. influenzae(10 isolates) were the most prevalent pathogens. The MICs were lower for gemifloxacin than other quinolones against these key pathogens, and for S. pneumoniae, the MICs for gemifloxacin were considerably lower(${\leq}0.03$ ug/mL) than those for other quinolones, beta-lactams and macrolides. In the period on-therapy plus 30 days post-therapy, a total of 18 patients(26.9%) in the gemifloxacin 160mg group and 22 patients(31.4%) in the 320mg group reported at least one adverse event(AE). The most frequently reported AE was abdominal pain(3/67 patients, 4.5%) in the gemifloxacin 160mg group and increased level of hepatic enzyme(5/70 patients, 7.1%) in the 320mg group. The overall AE profiles for the two treatment groups were similar. Two out of 67 patients(3.0%) in the gemifloxacin 160mg group and 1/70 patients(1.4%) in the 320mg group reported at least one serious AE, however, none of which was considered by the investigator to be of suspected or probable relationship to study medication. Conclusion : The results of this study showed that gemifloxacin at doses of 160mg or 320mg once daily for 7 days in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis(AECB) in adult Koreans was a very effective and safe treatment both clinically and bacteriologically.