• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.5-9
• /
• 2013

We report on high-power continuous-wave operations of an Er:YAG ceramic laser in-band pumped by a cladding-pumped Er,Yb fiber laser at 1532 nm. With an output coupler of 10% transmission, the ceramic laser yielded 16.7 W of continuous-wave output at 1645 nm for 28.8 W of incident pump power, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 61.0% with respect to the incident pump power. The lasing wavelength switched to 1617 nm when output couplers of > 20% transmission were used. Up to 16.2 W of 1617 nm output was generated for 33.0 W of incident pump power, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 51.8%. Graphene Q-switched operation of Er:YAG cermic laser at 1645 nm was also demonstrated with stable pulses of 30-74 kHz repetition rates and 1.5-6.4 ${\mu}s$ pulse widths.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.3511-3532
• /
• 2019

Coverage-guided fuzzing is an efficient solution that has been widely used in software testing. By guiding fuzzers through the coverage information, seeds that generate new paths will be retained to continually increase the coverage. However, we observed that most samples follow the same few high-frequency paths. The seeds that exercise a high-frequency path are saved for the subsequent mutation process until the user terminates the test process, which directly affects the efficiency with which the low-frequency paths are tested. In this paper, we propose a fuzzing solution, ER-Fuzz, that truncates the recording of a high-frequency path to influence coverage. It utilizes a deep learning-based classifier to locate the high and low-frequency path transfer points; then, it instruments at the transfer position to promote the probability low-frequency transfer paths while eliminating subsequent variations of the high-frequency path seeds. We implemented a prototype of ER-Fuzz based on the popular fuzzer AFL and evaluated it on several applications. The experimental results show that ER-Fuzz improves the coverage of the original AFL method to different degrees. In terms of the number of crash discoveries, in the best case, ER-Fuzz found 115% more unique crashes than did AFL. In total, seven new bugs were found and new CVEs were assigned.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.1-26
• /
• 2022

This study uses the human resource management (HRM) practice and ability, motivation, and opportunities (AMO) theory and corporate social and environmental responsibility, to explore the effects of environmental responsible human resource management practice (ER-HRM) on energy-intensive manufacturing's green technology innovation and organizational effectiveness. A self-completed questionnaire was administered to managers of energy-intensive manufacturing in the Lao PDR. The data was collected from 198 managers of energy-intensive manufacturing for analysis. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) by smart PLS 3.0 to test the hypotheses in this research. The findings have shown a strong direct and positive impact of the environmental ability, motivation, and opportunity of ER-HRM practice on green technology innovation and organizational effectiveness. The ability of ER-HRM practice has the highest influence on green technology innovation and organizational effectiveness. The findings also prove the partial mediation of green technology innovation links ER-HRM with organizational effectiveness. This research is expected to identify the influences of ER-HRM in energy-intensive manufacturing to achieve innovation and performance while reducing emissions.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.124-132
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among critical thinking disposition, problem solving ability, and triage competency in nurses working in Emergency Rooms (ERs). Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted in August and September 2021, involved 118 ER nurses from three hospitals in the Gyeonggi-do metropolitan area. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS for Windows version 25.0. Results: The mean score of triage competency among ER nurses was 87.63±15.65. In the regression model, age, ER experience, triage experience, critical thinking disposition, and problem solving ability predicted 52% of the triage competency. Both critical thinking disposition and problem-solving ability were noted to be significant (β=.32, p<.001; β=.36, p<.001, respectively). Conclusion: Critical thinking disposition and problem solving ability of ER nurses were identified as major factors in triage competency. To improve ER nurses' triage competency and enhance critical thinking disposition and problem solving ability, a systematic and ongoing program should be developed and implemented.

• Clinical Endoscopy
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.409-422
• /
• 2023

Endoscopic resection (ER) is widely utilized as a minimally invasive treatment for upper gastrointestinal tumors; however, complications could occur during and after the procedure. Post-ER mucosal defect leads to delayed perforation and bleeding; therefore, endoscopic closure methods (endoscopic hand-suturing, the endoloop and endoclip closure method, and over-the-scope clip method) and tissue shielding methods (polyglycolic acid sheets and fibrin glue) are developed to prevent these complications. During duodenal ER, complete closure of the mucosal defect significantly reduces delayed bleeding and should be performed. An extensive mucosal defect that comprises three-quarters of the circumference in the esophagus, gastric antrum, or cardia is a significant risk factor for post-ER stricture. Steroid therapy is considered the first-line option for the prevention of esophageal stricture, but its efficacy for gastric stricture remains unclear. Methods for the prevention and management of ER-related complications in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum differ according to the organ; therefore, endoscopists should be familiar with ways of preventing and managing organ-specific complications.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.265-273
• /
• 2018

Estrogen (E2) is involved in the development and progression of breast cancer and is mediated by estrogen receptor (ER). ER plays important roles in cellular proliferation, migration, invasion and causing drug resistance through diverse cross-talks with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. Breast cancer is caused mainly by break-down of homeostasis of endocrine signaling pathways especially by the uncontrolled expression and increased activities of E2/IGF-1/EGF, ER/G-protein estrogen receptor (GPER)/IGF-1R/EGFR and their intracellular signaling mediators. These changes influence the complex cross-talk between E2 and growth factors' signaling, eventually resulting in the progression of cancer and resistance against endocrine regulators. Thus, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms in stepwise of the cross-talk between E2 and growth factors will contribute to the customized treatment according to the diverse types of breast cancer. In particular, as strategies for the treatment of breast cancer with diverse genotypes and phenotypes, there can be use of aromatase inhibitors and blockers of E2 action for the ER+ hormone-dependent breast cancer cells and use of IGF-1R/EGFR activity blockers for suppression of cancer cell proliferation from the cross-talk between E2 and growth factors. Furthermore, changes in the expression of the ECM molecules regulated by the cross-talk between ER and EGFR/IGF-1R can be used for the targeted therapeutics against the migration of breast cancer cells. Therefore, it is required for the cross-talk among the signaling pathways of ER, GPER, IGF-1R and EGFR concerning cancer progression to be elucidated in more detail at the molecular level.

• KSTLE International Journal
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.142-145
• /
• 2001

The electrorheology of the chitosan adipnate suspension in silicone oil was investigated. Chitosan adipnate suspension showed a typical ER response (Bingham flow behavior) upon application of an electric field. The shear stress for the chitosan adipnate suspension exhibited a linear dependence on the volume fraction of particles and an electric field power of 1.88. The experimental results for the chitosan adipnate suspension correlated with the conduction models and this suspension was found to be an anhydrous ER fluid.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
• /
• 2000.05a
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2000

본 논문에서는 작은 고정길이의 레이블에 의해 IP 패킷 forwarding을 수행하도록 하여 라우터에 비해 IP 패킷 처리 성능을 향상시키는 방안으로 제안된 MPLS에 대한 주요 특징을 설명하고, MPLS망에서의 트래픽 엔지니어링에 대해서는 LDP 방식을 확장한 CR-LDP 방식과 ER-LSP 설정 과정을 고찰하고, CR-LDP를 기반으로 하는 ER-LSP 설정 및 장애 복구 과정에 관한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 MPLS망에서 IP 패킷 전송 과정을 분석한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 1992.04a
• /
• pp.227-231
• /
• 1992

본 연구에서는 ER(electro-rheological) 유체을 이용한 가변댐퍼(variable damper)를 제안했다. 전기장(electric field) 부하시 Bingham특성을 갖는 ER유체는 전기장에따라 항복전단응력이 변하기 때문에이를 이용하여 댐핑력을 제어할 수 있다. 피스톤의 상하압력차가 전기장의 함수이기 때문에 기존의 비능동 혹은 능동형 댐퍼에서 필요로하는 복잡한 밸브시스템이 필요없으며, 따라서 구조면에서 매우 간단하게 설계될 수 있고, 반응시간 또한 매우 빠르다. 간단한 현가정치 모델을 설정 하여제안된 ER 댐퍼의 효율성과 우수성을 주파수 및 시간 영역에서 해석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 1992.04a
• /
• pp.206-210
• /
• 1992

본 연구는 ER(electro-rheological) 유체를 특징으로하는 지능외팔보의 고유주파수, 강성, 댐핑 등이 전장(electric field)에 따라 변화함을 고찰하였고 향후 능동제어계(active control system)에서 ER유체가 엑튜에이터로써 사용가능함을 보여주었다. ER 유체의 종류, 농도, 체적비, 시편의 전하특성에 따른 지능보의 동탄성 특성을 자유진동과 강제진동하에서 실험하여 비교분석하였다.