• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2011

보이차의 주요산지는 중국 운남성이며 특히 란창강 유역이 그 중심지이다. 천연 사포닌과 미네랄류를 풍부하게 포함하고, 지방의 용해, 다이어트 효과, 소화 촉진, 정장 작용, 숙취 해소, 위가 더부룩할 증상 개선, 혈당치 상승 억제, 혈액 순환 촉진에 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다．또한, 면역력 강화 효과와 노화예방, 암 예방효과도 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 보이차의 기능성 물질은 일반적으로 메탄올 또는 에탄올 용매에 의하여 추출한다. 용매에 의하여 추출하기 전에 메카노케미스트리 분쇄기술을 적용하여 전처리하면 재료의 표면적을 증가시키고 부분적으로 화학적 성분을 변화시켜 기능성 물질의 추출효율을 증가시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 메카노케미스트리 분쇄기술을 적용하여 보이차를 전처리한 다음 메탄올과 에탄올 용매에 의하여 기능성 물질을 추출하여 메카노케미스트리 전처리가 항산화 물질의 추출효율에 미친 효과를 분석하였다. 보이차는 메탄올과 에탄올 추출 전에 유성밀에 의하여 분쇄되었으며 분쇄 후의 형상을 SEM 현미경으로 분석하였다. 아질산성질소 소거능은 pH 1.2에서 메탄올 용매추출을 했을 때 전처리하지 않는 경우 63.0-83.0%로부터 메카노케미스트리 분쇄기술을 적용한 전처리를 한 경우에 74.0-92.0%로 증가하였다. 전자공여능은 DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl)를 이용한 방법으로 측정하였으며, 메탄올 용매추출의 경우에 13.12-49.29%로부터 메카노케미스트리 전처리 후에 15.12-64.29%로 증가하였다. DPPH radical 50% 소거능을 나타내는 $IC_{50}$은 전처리하지 않는 경우 164 ug/mL로부터 전처리한 경우에 151ug/mL로 감소하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.880-885
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• 2002

This study was performed to determine the antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activities of the Momordica charantia L. (MC) on several microorganisms and human cancer cell lines. In the paper disk test, its antimicrobial activity was increased in proportion to its concentration. Among the various solvent fractions of Momordica charantia L., the ethylether partition layer (MCMEE) showed the strongest antimicrobial activity. Also, the ethylacetate partition layer (MCMEA) and the butanol partition layer (MCMB) showed antimicrobial activity. We also determined the cytotoxicity and chemopreventive effect of Momordica charantia L. extract and fractions on human cancer cells. The experiment was conducted to determine the cytotoxicity of Momordica charantia L. partition layers on HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cells by MTT assay. Among the various partition layers of Momordica charantia L., MCMEE and MCMEA showed strong cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines. The chemopreventive effect of the quinone reductase induced activities of HepG2 cell, the hexane partition layer (MCMH) at a dose of 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL was 3.62 times more effective compared with the control values of 1.0. Therefore, based on these studies, Momordica charantia L. may be developed into a potentially useful cancer chemopreventive agent.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.273-283
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• 2000

To investigate the defensive effect of green tea against the lead toxicity, Sprague-Dewley rats (150 gm) were divided into 5 groups; the control group (A), the group treated with lead for 4 weeks (Group B-1), the group treated with lead and green tea for 4 weeks (Group B-2), the group treated with lead for 8 weeks (Group C-1), and the group treated with lead and green tea for 8 weeks (Group C-2). The lead acetate (500 ppm) was injected two times for one week into the abdomen and green tea solution (3 g/100 ml distilled water) offered freely. The results of histological and biocheical study are as follows; 1. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) were increased in all the tested groups. The Group B-1 was more increased than the Group B-2, and the Group C-1 more than the Group C-2. The values of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also decreased in all the tested groups, as such the former phenomenon. 2 In the Group B-1, some microvilli, mitochondria and rER were modificated on epithelial cell of proximal renal tubules. The cristae of mitochondria were enlarged, microvilli and nucleus were observed normally on the Group B-2. The number of Microvilli, mitochodria and rER were decreased, many lysosomes and irregular nucleus observed in the Group C-1. In the Group C-2, microvilli were modificated slightly and other organelles were observed similary with the Group B-2.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.196-202
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• 2007

Skin wrinkles are associated with collagen synthesis and matrix metalloproteinase-I (MMP-1) activity. This study was carried out to select optimum ratio of 3 herbs in skin health food for anti-wrinkle. Human dermal fibroblast cell was incubated with experimental samples, which were Korean red ginseng ethanol extracts (ER), Torilis fructus water extracts (WT), Corni fructus water extracts (WC) and their mixtures (WM1, WM3). And then we determined effects on collagen biosynthesis, MMP-1 activity and SOD activity in human dermal fibroblast cell. In control group, collagen biosynthesis was amounted at 474.8 ng/ml and 533.9 ng/ml, 539.3 ng/ml, 514.1 ng/ml in ER, WT and WC respectively. Furthermore, WM3 (KTNG0345) was increased to 561.45 ng/ml. MMP-1 activity of ER, WT, WC, WM1 were determined to 31.9 ng/ml, 32.85 ng/ml, 32.0 ng/ml, 31.3 ng/ml and WM3 (KTNG0345) was decreased to 28.85 ng/ml. In addition, the experimental samples showed a antioxidative activities. From this results, we conclude that Korean red ginseng ethanol extracts, Torilis fructus water extracts, Corni fructus water extracts and their mixtures have a anti-wrinkle effect and WM3 (KTNG0345) may be regarded as an optimum composition for synergic effect producing. The standardized components of KTNG0345, ginsenoside-$Rb_1$, torilin and loganin were identified at 10.85 mg/g, 0.128 mg/g and 3.92 mg/g respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1769-1775
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• 2016

Aerial parts (leaves and stems) of radish are usually discarded due to the distinct undesirable flavors associated with inappropriate preparations, despite their many health benefits. In this study, we examined the role of extrusion process in the removal of off-flavors and elevation of antioxidant activity in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves and stems. To optimize the extrusion conditions, we changed the barrel temperature (110, 120, and $130^{\circ}C$), screw speed (150, 200, 250, and 300 rpm), and moisture content (20, 25, and 30%). The polyphenol and flavonoid contents significantly increased in extruded radish leaves and stems (ER) under optimum extrusion conditions ($130^{\circ}C$, 250 rpm, and 20%). Under extrusion conditions, we compared off-flavors (as amount of sulfur-containing compound) levels between ER and non-extruded radish leaves and stems (NER) by an electronic nose. A total of six peaks (sulfur-containing compound) were similarly detected in both ER and NER, whereas the ER showed reduced off-flavors. Levels of glucosinolate (${\mu}g/g$), which can be hydrolyzed into off-flavors during mastication or processing, were significantly decreased in the ER. From these results, extrusion processing can be an effective method to increase anti-oxidant activity and removal of off-flavors in radish leaves and stems.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2006

SSRIs have been considered as the first line of treatment for patients with panic disorder since 1990s along with cognitive behavioral treatments. High potency benzodiazepines (e.g. alprazolam, clonazepam) have had advantages in anti-panic effects. However, these drugs have limitations of treating panic disorder because of their dependency, tolerance and withdrawal. Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as venlafaxine were introduced as antidepressants since 1990s. Recently, it is confirmed that SNRIs have the remarkable anti-panic effects although some concerns about its cost, tolerance, withdrawal, side effects such as dry mouth, constipation, and hypertension have emerged. In this regard, further study is required to confirm the efficacy of long term treatment of panic disorder. Despite these concerns, venla-faxine extended-release is an effective treatment in patients with panic disorder.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.423-426
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• 2005

시맨틱 웹은 시스템이 더욱 효과적으로 정보를 액세스하고 이용이 가능하도록 하는 의미적 정보로서의 웹을 풍부하게 하는데 목적을 두며, 이는 온톨로지의 개념표현과 추론기능을 기반으로 한다. 온톨로지는 지식의 상호 커뮤니케이션을 위하여 개념적으로 명확하고 간결한 토대를 수립하기 위한 의미를 제공한다. 그런데 현재의 온톨로지 개발환경은 강력한 모델링 툴이나 경험이 풍부한 전문적인 온톨로지 구축 인력이 부족한 현실이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존의 많은 개발자들에게 친숙해 있는 UML 또는 ER 도구를 이용하여 획득된 정보가 온톨로지 언어인 OWL의 정보와 커뮤니케이션이 가능하여 온톨로지 모델링 작업의 효율성을 높일 수 있도록 이들 사이의 메타모델 매핑변환을 시도하였다. 매핑의 기반에서는 DL을 이용하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.209-216
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• 2013

RFID/USN, are recognized as the new growth engines for the future, regardless of the advanced and developing countries. RFID, in particular, already entered practical stage by global companies. EPCIS, which is the one of the EPC golabal network components, makes a huge load on the system due to the large amount of entering data by following events. In this study, a data model developed based on ER-WIN by collecting four kind information that occurred in the EPC global networks. This model supports both in processing of high performance and huge capacity of data by a considerable storage capacity and input speed. A simulation was developed in order to verify the performance. Each model tested several times and results were compared.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1324-1331
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• 2010

Mifepristone (MIF) and Tamoxifen (TAM) have been used in the treatment of prostate cancer and breast cancer for more than a decade. MIF can induce apoptosis in both AR-positive and negative prostate cancer cells. Because of its pleiotropic ligand-receptor properties, TAM exerts cytotoxic activity in estrogen (ER)-positive and various ER.negative cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of these two substances are not yet clear. In the present work, we report that the cytotoxic effects of MIF and TAM are due to the modulation of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ level in DU-145, androgen-insensitive cells. When the cells were treated with micromolar concentrations of either MIF or TAM, the growth and viability were significantly decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The apoptosis induced by MIF or TAM was further proved and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). In the cells cultivated in a normal 1.5 mM $Ca^{2+}$ medium, both MIF and TAM also induced an increase of the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ level in a dose-dependent fashion. Since a change in calcium level could not be found in cells of the $Ca^{2+}$-free medium, the increase of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ level might be due to an increase in extracellular calcium uptake. Our results show that the apoptotic effect was more prominent in TAM treatment compared to MIF treatment in DU-145 cells. The above findings might be due to the difference in the uppermost pathways of apoptosis induced by either MIF or TAM. When we checked the level of procaspase-8 activation, TAM showed minor level of activation, as opposed to MIF, which exerted strong activation. In both treatments, the levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased, and pro-apoptotic protein Bax level increased more than 2-fold. The activation of caspase-3, a key protease enzyme in the downstream pathway of apoptosis, was much higher in the cells treated with TAM, compared to the MIF treatment. The overall apoptotic activity shown in the present work was closely related to intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration levels. Therefore, the cytotoxic activity induced by MIF and TAM might have been due to intracellular calcium modulation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2014

Estrogen can promote or inhibit cellular proliferation depending on tissue cell types and physiological condition and acts through the signal transduction pathways mediated primarily by estrogen receptors. This study examined the effects of fulvestrant (Ful), a well-known antagonist for the estrogen receptor, on the action of $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2) with respect to the proliferation and apoptosis of Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells. We used different concentrations of E2, Ful, and E2 plus Ful during different treatment durations. Treatment with 15-40 ${\mu}M$ E2 significantly inhibited proliferation in a time-dependent manner, although it had no influence in concentrations up to 1 ${\mu}M$. Interestingly, Ful at 10-40 ${\mu}M$ also inhibited cellular proliferation in both a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, Ful enhanced rather than decreased the inhibitory effect on cellular proliferation by E2 in combined treatment for 10 days. Thus, Ful does not appear to have an antagonistic effect on estrogen's anti-proliferative action in CHO cells. In TUNEL assays to confirm DNA fragmentation by E2 and/or Ful, CHO cells treated with 20 ${\mu}M$ E2 showed a TUNEL-positive reaction in most DAPI-stained nuclei, and cells treated with either 40 ${\mu}M$ Ful or 40 ${\mu}M$ Ful plus 20 ${\mu}M$ E2 also exhibited a TUNEL-positive reaction but at a lower rate compared to the E2-treated cells. These results indicate that Ful does not have an antagonistic effect on estrogen's anti-proliferative action in CHO cells, suggesting that the anti-proliferative and apoptosis-related mechanism(s) through DNA fragmentation by E2 and Ful may be mediated by different signal transduction pathways.